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Mechanical Engineering Department

This document provides instructions for a test to evaluate the performance, heat balance, and efficiency of a diesel power plant. The test aims to design and conduct experiments to obtain engine performance data, confirm design values, and verify rated power output and guaranteed fuel consumption. Key parts of the test include measuring indicated power, brake power, mechanical efficiency, fuel consumption, heat carried away by jacket cooling water and exhaust gases, and using this data to perform a heat balance analysis and calculate thermal efficiency.

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J Cronus
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77 views

Mechanical Engineering Department

This document provides instructions for a test to evaluate the performance, heat balance, and efficiency of a diesel power plant. The test aims to design and conduct experiments to obtain engine performance data, confirm design values, and verify rated power output and guaranteed fuel consumption. Key parts of the test include measuring indicated power, brake power, mechanical efficiency, fuel consumption, heat carried away by jacket cooling water and exhaust gases, and using this data to perform a heat balance analysis and calculate thermal efficiency.

Uploaded by

J Cronus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

NAME: _ _ YEAR & SECTION: _

DATE PERFORMED: _ RATING: _

TEST NO. 2
Performance, Heat Balance, and Efficiency of a
Diesel Power Plant

I. Test Description
This test aim to design and conduct experiments involving
performance test, heat balance and performance and efficiency
of diesel power plants.
.

II. Test Objective


The objective to this experiment are:
1. To obtain information about the engine which cannot be
determined by calculations,
2. To confirm data used in design, the validity of which is in
doubt, and
3. To satisfy the customer as to the rated power output with
the guaranteed fuel consumption

III. Test Procedure


1. Listen carefully to the instruction and discussion to be given
by the laboratory instructor.
2. Take note the important terms and definition during discussion
and/or video presentation.

IV. Theory
A diesel engine is based on diesel cycle. It is a compression
ignition engine. The maximum speed of engine is low but it has
a high efficiency. The fuel is directly injected to the
combustion chamber at high pressure at the end of compression
stroke. The ignition is caused due to high temperature caused
by high temperature of the air.

An engine performance is an indicator of how the engine is


converting the chemical energy contained in the fuel to
mechanical work. The degree of success is compared on the basis
of specific power output, etc.

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

Complete thermodynamic tests are quite different from the


commercial tests. They are carried out for the purpose of
comparing actual results with the theoretical or ideal
performance. For such tests it is necessary to measure losses
in addition to the useful part of the energy, and also to draw
up a heat balance account. Such trials have been (the direct
cause of, and incentive to, the improvement in heat engines
throughout the period of their development. This interest
created a demand for authentic records of engine performance,
which could only be satisfied by exhaustive trials carefully
observed and calculated. The measurements necessary to
determine the mechanical and thermal efficiencies of the engine
and to draw up the heat balance account are:
1. Indicated power (if possible)
2. Brake power
3. Morse test for mechanical efficiency in case of multi-
cylinder high speed engines;
4. Rate of fuel consumption and its calorific value
5. Rate of flow of cooling water and its rise of
temperature, for calculating the heat carried away by
jacket cooling water
6. Heat carried away by the exhaust gases - this is
estimated either directly by exhaust gas calorimeter or
by measuring air consumption and temperature of exhaust
gases, and engine room temperature.

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

V. DISCUSSION
A. What is a performance test?

B. Why is a performance test important?

C. Explain the following parameters to evaluate in a Diesel Power


Plant performance test.
a) Indicated Power

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

b) Brake Power

c) Frictional Power

d) Mechanical Efficiency

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

e) Mean Effective Pressure

f) Specific Fuel Consumption

g) Thermal Efficiency

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

h) Air/Fuel Ratio

D. Discuss and illustrate the following:


a) Measurement of brake power

i. Prony brake (include brake power formula)

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

ii. Rope brake (include brake power formula)

b) Willan’s line method

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

c) Morse Test

d) Dynamometer

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

e) Measurement of rate of fuel consumption and its calorific


value

f) Measurement of heat carried away by cylinder jacket


cooling water

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

g) Measurement of heat carried away by the exhaust gases

h) Heat Balance Account

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

i) Performance Plotting

E. What NFPA 110 tell us about Diesel Power Plant Testing

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

F. Supposed we have a four stroke engine with the following test


data:
a) Engine speed, 1500 RPM
b) Brake Horsepower, 5 BHp
c) Radius of brake drum, 150 mm
d) Rope diamerter, 15 mm
e) R + r = 0.15-0.015
f) Initial reading on spring balance without load, 0.25 kg
Given the test data below, calculate the remaining parameters on
the table.
No. Q Time Spring Weight Effect BHp IHP T.F.C 𝜂𝑚 𝜂𝐵𝑇 Sp.
ml Scale,S , W ive Fuel
Weight (Hp) (Hp)
(sec) (kg) (kg) (W-S)
(kg)
1 10 38.87 =0.75- 8
0.25
=.50
2 10 37.30 =1.0- 10
0.25
=.75
3 10 34.33 =1.1- 12
0.25
=0.85

CALCULATION (Use separate sheet):

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

G. The following observations were made during a test on a two-


stroke cycle oil engine :
Cylinder dimensions: 20 cm bore, 25 cm stroke
Speed : 6 r.p.s.
Effective brake drum diameter: 1.2 metres
Net brke load: 440 newtons
Indicated mean effective pressure: 280 kPa
Fuel oil consumption: 3.6 kg/hr
Calorific value of fuel oil: 42,500 kJ/kg
mass of jacket cooling water per hour: 468 kg
Rise in temperature of jacket cooling water: 28°C
Air used per kg of fuel oil: 34 kg
Temperature of air in test house: 30°C
Temperature of exhaust gases: 400°C
Mean specific heat of exhaust gases: 1 H.J/kg K.

Calculate :
(a) the brake power,
(b) the indicated power,
(c) the mechanical efficiency,
(d) the brake mean effective pressure, and
(e) brake power fuel consumption in kg per kW-hr.

Draw up a heat balance sheet in kJ/min. and as percentages of the


heat supplied to the engine. Calculate also the brake thermal
efficiency of the engine.

Mechanical Engineering
Department
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LUCBAN, QUEZON

VI. CONCLUSION

VII. REFERENCES

Mechanical Engineering
Department

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