Purposive Communication

Purposive Communication is a three-unit course that develops students’ communicative

competence and enhances their cultural and intercultural awareness through multimodal tasks
that provide them opportunities for communicating effectively and appropriately to a
multicultural audience in a local or global context. It equips students with tools for critical
evaluation of a variety of texts and focuses on the power of language and the impact of images
to emphasize the importance of conveying messages responsibly. The knowledge, skills, and
insights that students gain from this course may be used in their other academic endeavors,
their chosen disciplines, and their future careers as they compose and produce relevant oral,
written, audio-visual, and/or web-based output for various purposes.
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
Knowledge

 describe the nature, elements, and functions of verbal and non-verbal communication in
various and multicultural contexts;
 explain how cultural and global issues affect communication;
 determine culturally appropriate terms, expressions, and images;
 evaluate multimodal texts critically to enhance receptive (listening, reading, viewing)
skills; and
 summarize the principles of academic text structure.
Skills

 convey ideas through oral, audio-visual, and/or web-based presentations for different
target audiences in local and global settings using appropriate registers;
 create clear, coherent, and effective communication materials;
 present ideas persuasively using appropriate language registers, tone, facial expressions,
and gestures; and
 write and present academic papers using appropriate tone, style, conventions, and
reference styles.
Values

 adopt cultural and intercultural awareness and sensitivity in the communication of ideas;
 appreciate the differences of the varieties of spoken and written language;
 adopt an awareness of audience and context in presenting ideas; and
 appreciate the impact of communication on society and the world.
What is Purposive Communication?
Purposive Communication is a type of communication that is used to convey messages that are
purposeful, intentional, and responsible. It involves using language and other modes of
communication in a way that is appropriate to the context and the audience.
Why is Purposive Communication important?
Purposive Communication is important in various contexts, including academic, professional,
and personal settings. It helps to establish credibility and trust, and to ensure that messages are
conveyed effectively. It also helps to avoid misunderstandings and miscommunications, and to
build strong relationships.
What are the elements of Purposive Communication? There are four main elements of
Purposive Communication:
Verbal communication: language, tone, and style
Nonverbal communication: facial expressions, gestures, and body language
Visual communication: images, colors, and symbols
Written communication: grammar, punctuation, and spelling
How can you use Purposive Communication effectively? Here are some strategies for effective
Purposive Communication:
Know your audience: understand the needs, expectations, and preferences of your audience
Adapt to the context and the situation: adjust your language and communication modes to fit
the context and the situation
Use appropriate language and communication modes: choose words and modes of
communication that are appropriate to the context and the audience
Be clear and concise: avoid ambiguity and confusion by being clear and concise
Listen actively: pay attention to the feedback and responses of your audience and adjust your
communication accordingly
Examples of Purposive Communication:
A professor giving a lecture to a class
A business person giving a presentation to clients
A student giving a speech to a group of peers
A doctor explaining a medical condition to a patient
Communication is significant in different contexts for various reasons. Here are some key
points explaining the importance of communication in different contexts:
1. Personal Relationships: Communication is vital for building and maintaining personal
relationships. Effective communication helps individuals express their feelings, needs, and
desires, and understand those of their partners or loved ones.
2. Education: Communication is essential in education as it enables students to learn, ask
questions, and seek clarification from their teachers or peers. Effective communication helps
students to understand the material better and succeed in their studies.
3. Business: Communication is vital in the business world as it enables employees to
collaborate effectively, build relationships with clients, and promote products or services.
Effective communication helps businesses to achieve their goals, improve productivity, and
profitability.
4. Health: Communication is critical in the healthcare industry as it enables patients to convey
their symptoms and concerns to medical professionals. Effective communication helps medical
professionals to diagnose and treat patients accurately and efficiently.
5. Social and Political Issues: Communication plays an essential role in social and political
issues as it enables individuals to express their opinions and ideas, mobilize support, and create
social or political change.
6. Legal System: Communication is essential in the legal system as it enables lawyers and
judges to communicate effectively, gather evidence, and argue cases in court.
Importance of communication in various and multicultural contexts
The importance of communication in various and multicultural contexts lies in its ability to
enable effective interaction and mutual understanding among individuals from diverse
backgrounds. Below are some key points explaining the significance of communication in
various and multicultural contexts:
1. Encourages Mutual Understanding: Effective communication is essential to establish mutual
understanding among individuals from different cultures, races, and backgrounds.
Communication enables individuals to exchange ideas, share knowledge, and learn from each
other.
2. Promotes Cultural Awareness: Communication plays a vital role in promoting cultural
awareness, sensitivity, and respect. By communicating with people from different cultures,
individuals can gain a better understanding of their values, beliefs, and practices.
3. Builds Relationships: Effective communication is essential for building relationships and
fostering collaboration in various contexts. By communicating purposefully, individuals can build
trust, establish common goals, and work together towards achieving them.
4. Facilitates Conflict Resolution: Effective communication is also crucial for conflict resolution.
In diverse contexts, disagreements may arise due to cultural differences, values, and norms.
Through effective communication, individuals can understand each other's perspectives, clarify
misunderstandings, and find common ground.
5. Enables Success in Multicultural Workplaces: In multicultural workplaces, effective
communication is key to creating a positive and productive work environment. Effective
communication enables employees to collaborate effectively, avoid conflicts, and achieve
common goals.
OBLICON
Title. I. - OBLIGATIONS
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1156. An obligation is a juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do. (n)

Art. 1157. Obligations arise from:

(1) Law;
(2) Contracts;
(3) Quasi-contracts;
(4) Acts or omissions punished by law; and
(5) Quasi-delicts. (1089a)

Art. 1158. Obligations derived from law are not presumed. Only those expressly determined in
this Code or in special laws are demandable, and shall be regulated by the precepts of the law
which establishes them; and as to what has not been foreseen, by the provisions of this Book.
(1090)

Art. 1159. Obligations arising from contracts have the force of law between the contracting
parties and should be complied with in good faith. (1091a)

Art. 1160. Obligations derived from quasi-contracts shall be subject to the provisions of Chapter
1, Title XVII, of this Book. (n)

Art. 1161. Civil obligations arising from criminal offenses shall be governed by the penal laws,
subject to the provisions of Article 2177, and of the pertinent provisions of Chapter 2,
Preliminary Title, on Human Relations, and of Title XVIII of this Book, regulating damages.
(1092a)

Art. 1162. Obligations derived from quasi-delicts shall be governed by the provisions of Chapter
2, Title XVII of this Book, and by special laws. (1093a)

CHAPTER 2
NATURE AND EFFECT OF OBLIGATIONS

Art. 1163. Every person obliged to give something is also obliged to take care of it with the
proper diligence of a good father of a family, unless the law or the stipulation of the parties
requires another standard of care. (1094a)
Art. 1164. The creditor has a right to the fruits of the thing from the time the obligation to
deliver it arises. However, he shall acquire no real right over it until the same has been delivered
to him. (1095)

Art. 1165. When what is to be delivered is a determinate thing, the creditor, in addition to the
right granted him by Article 1170, may compel the debtor to make the delivery.

If the thing is indeterminate or generic, he may ask that the obligation be complied with at the
expense of the debtor.

If the obligor delays, or has promised to deliver the same thing to two or more persons who do
not have the same interest, he shall be responsible for any fortuitous event until he has effected
the delivery. (1096)

Art. 1166. The obligation to give a determinate thing includes that of delivering all its accessions
and accessories, even though they may not have been mentioned. (1097a)

Art. 1167. If a person obliged to do something fails to do it, the same shall be executed at his
cost.

This same rule shall be observed if he does it in contravention of the tenor of the obligation.
Furthermore, it may be decreed that what has been poorly done be undone. (1098)

Art. 1168. When the obligation consists in not doing, and the obligor does what has been
forbidden him, it shall also be undone at his expense. (1099a)

Art. 1169. Those obliged to deliver or to do something incur in delay from the time the obligee
judicially or extrajudicially demands from them the fulfillment of their obligation.

However, the demand by the creditor shall not be necessary in order that delay may exist:

(1) When the obligation or the law expressly so declare; or

(2) When from the nature and the circumstances of the obligation it appears that the
designation of the time when the thing is to be delivered or the service is to be rendered was a
controlling motive for the establishment of the contract; or
(3) When demand would be useless, as when the obligor has rendered it beyond his power to
perform.

In reciprocal obligations, neither party incurs in delay if the other does not comply or is not
ready to comply in a proper manner with what is incumbent upon him. From the moment one
of the parties fulfills his obligation, delay by the other begins. (1100a)
Art. 1170. Those who in the performance of their obligations are guilty of fraud, negligence, or
delay, and those who in any manner contravene the tenor thereof, are liable for damages. (1101)

Art. 1171. Responsibility arising from fraud is demandable in all obligations. Any waiver of an
action for future fraud is void. (1102a)

Art. 1172. Responsibility arising from negligence in the performance of every kind of obligation
is also demandable, but such liability may be regulated by the courts, according to the
circumstances. (1103)

Art. 1173. The fault or negligence of the obligor consists in the omission of that diligence which
is required by the nature of the obligation and corresponds with the circumstances of the
persons, of the time and of the place. When negligence shows bad faith, the provisions of
Articles 1171 and 2201, paragraph 2, shall apply.

If the law or contract does not state the diligence which is to be observed in the performance,
that which is expected of a good father of a family shall be required. (1104a)

Art. 1174. Except in cases expressly specified by the law, or when it is otherwise declared by
stipulation, or when the nature of the obligation requires the assumption of risk, | no person
shall be responsible for those events which could not be foreseen, or which, though foreseen,
were inevitable. (1105a)

Art. 1175. Usurious transactions shall be governed by special laws. (n)

Art. 1176. The receipt of the principal by the creditor without reservation with respect to the
interest, shall give rise to the presumption that said interest has been paid.

The receipt of a later installment of a debt without reservation as to prior installments, shall
likewise raise the presumption that such installments have been paid. (1110a)

Art. 1177. The creditors, after having pursued the property in possession of the debtor to satisfy
their claims, may exercise all the rights and bring all the actions of the latter for the same
purpose, save those which are inherent in his person; they may also impugn the acts which the
debtor may have done to defraud them. (1111)

Art. 1178. Subject to the laws, all rights acquired in virtue of an obligation are transmissible, if
there has been no stipulation to the contrary. (1112)

CHAPTER 3
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF OBLIGATIONS

SECTION 1 Pure and Conditional Obligations

Art. 1179. Every obligation whose performance does not depend upon a future or uncertain
event, or upon a past event unknown to the parties, is demandable at once.

Every obligation which contains a resolutory condition shall also be demandable, without
prejudice to the effects of the happening of the event. (1113)

Art. 1180. When the debtor binds himself to pay when his means permit him to do so, the
obligation shall be deemed to be one with a period, subject to the provisions of article 1197. (n)

Art. 1181. In conditional obligations, the acquisition of rights, as well as the extinguishment or
loss of those already acquired, shall depend upon the happening of the event which constitutes
the condition. (1114)

Art. 1182. When the fulfillment of the condition depends upon the sole will of the debtor, the
conditional obligation shall be void. If it depends upon chance or upon the will of a third person,
the obligation shall take effect in conformity with the provisions of this Code. (1115)

Art. 1183. Impossible conditions, those contrary to good customs or public policy and those
prohibited by law shall annul the obligation which depends upon them. If the obligation is
divisible, that part thereof which is not affected by the impossible or unlawful condition shall be
valid.

The condition not to do an impossible thing shall be considered as not having been agreed upon.
(1116a)

Art. 1184. The condition that some event happen at a determinate time shall extinguish the
obligation as soon as the time expires or if it has become indubitable that the event will not
take place. (1117)

Art. 1185. The condition that some event will not happen at a determinate time shall render the
obligation effective from the moment the time indicated has elapsed, or if it has become
evident that the event cannot occur.

If no time has been fixed, the condition shall be deemed fulfilled at such time as may have
probably been contemplated, bearing in mind the nature of the obligation. (1118)
Art. 1186. The condition shall be deemed fulfilled when the obligor voluntarily prevents its
fulfillment. (1119)

Art. 1187. The effects of a conditional obligation to give, once the condition has been fulfilled,
shall retroact to the day of the constitution of the obligation. Nevertheless, when the obligation
imposes reciprocal prestations upon the parties, the fruits and interests during the pendency of
the condition shall be deemed to have been mutually compensated. If the obligation is
unilateral, the debtor shall appropriate the fruits and interests received, unless from the nature
and circumstances of the obligation it should be inferred that the intention of the person
constituting the same was different.

In obligations to do and not to do, the courts shall determine, in each case, the retroactive
effect of the condition that has been complied with. (1120)

Art. 1188. The creditor may, before the fulfillment of the condition, bring the appropriate
actions for the preservation of his right.

The debtor may recover what during the same time he has paid by mistake in case of a
suspensive condition. (1121a)

Art. 1189. When the conditions have been imposed with the intention of suspending the
efficacy of an obligation to give, the following rules shall be observed in case of the
improvement, loss or deterioration of the thing during the pendency of the condition:

(1) If the thing is lost without the fault of the debtor, the obligation shall be
(2) If the thing is lost through the fault of the debtor, he shall be obliged to pay damages; it
is understood that the thing is lost when it perishes, or goes out of commerce, or
disappears in such a way that its existence is unknown or it cannot be recovered;
(3) When the thing deteriorates without the fault of the debtor, the impairment is to be
borne by the creditor;
(4) If it deteriorates through the fault of the debtor, the creditor may choose between the
rescission of the obligation and its fulfillment, with indemnity for damages in either case;
(5) If the thing is improved by its nature, or by time, the improvement shall inure to the
benefit of the creditor;
(6) If it is improved at the expense of the debtor, he shall have no other right than that
granted to the usufructuary. (1122)

Art. 1190. When the conditions have for their purpose the extinguishment of an obligation to
give, the parties, upon the fulfillment of said conditions, shall return to each other what they
have received.
In case of the loss, deterioration or improvement of the thing, the provisions which, with
respect to the debtor, are laid down in the preceding article shall be applied to the party who is
bound to return.

As for the obligations to do and not to do, the provisions of the second paragraph of article
1187 shall be observed as regards the effect of the extinguishment of the obligation. (1123)

Art. 1191. The power to rescind obligations is implied in reciprocal ones, in case one of the
obligors should not comply with what is incumbent upon him.

The injured party may choose between the fulfillment and the rescission of the obligation, with
the payment of damages in either case. He may also seek rescission, even after he has chosen
fulfillment, if the latter should become impossible.

The court shall decree the rescission claimed, unless there be just cause authorizing the fixing of
a period.

This is understood to be without prejudice to the rights of third persons who have acquired the
thing, in accordance with articles 1385 and 1388 and the Mortgage Law. (1124)

Art. 1192. In case both parties have committed a breach of the obligation, the liability of the
first infractor shall be equitably tempered by the courts. If it cannot be determined which of the
parties first violated the contract, the same shall be deemed extinguished, and each shall bear
his own damages. (n)