Introduction and Discussion of Theories Objective
Introduction and Discussion of Theories Objective
OBJECTIVE
• TO INVESTIGATE THE PROPERTIES OF VECTOR ADDITION AND DETERMINE THE
RESULTANT VECTOR OF TWO OR MORE VECTORS USING BOTH GRAPHICAL AND
ANALYTICAL METHODS
• TO UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF VECTOR ADDITION AND HOW IT IS USED TO
COMBINE MULTIPLE VECTORS INTO A SINGLE RESULTANT VECTOR.
• TO LEARN THE GRAPHICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS OF VECTOR ADDITION
AND HOW TO APPLY THEM TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS.
• TO UNDERSTAND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VECTOR ADDITION IN VARIOUS
BRANCHES OF PHYSICS.
• TO UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF VECTOR ADDITION AND ITS APPLICATION IN
REAL-LIFE SCENARIOS.
FORCE TABLE
THE FORCE TABLE IS USED TO ALTER
AND MEASURE THE IMPACTS OF
VECTOR QUANTITIES.
SLOTTED WEIGHTS
SLOTTED WEIGHTS ARE USUALLY USED
WITH A WEIGHT HANGER THAT
ALLOWS ONE TO SWIFTLY PRODUCE
ANY REQUIRED AMOUNT OF MASS FOR
USE IN FORCE, ACCELERATION, AND
MASS TESTS.
WEIGHT HANGERS
WEIGHT HANGERS ARE USED TO ADD
DESIRED QUANTITIES OF WEIGHT TO
ACHIEVE THE REQUIRED MASS.
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
FORCE TABLE SET-UP
THE FORCE TABLE IS POSITIONED SUCH THAT ITS FACE IS HORIZONTAL. A RING
IN THE CENTER SERVES AS THE OBJECT ON WHICH THE FORCES ACT. A PIN WITHIN
THE RING KEEPS IT FROM MOVING UNTIL EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED. STRINGS THAT
PASS THROUGH PULLEYS TO WEIGHT HANGERS APPLY FORCES. THE FORCE TABLE'S
CIRCULAR SCALE IS USED TO READ THEIR DIRECTIONS.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY/PROCEDURE
EXPERIMENT:
1. ASSUME ANY F1 AND F2 VALUES AND PLACE THEM ON THE FORCE TABLE. PUT
UP A THIRD FORCE ON THE TABLE TO BALANCE THE SYSTEM. THE THIRD FORCE
IS KNOWN AS THE TWO-FORCE EQUILIBRANT. THE WEIGHT OF THE HANGERS
MUST BE FACTORED INTO THE APPLIED FORCES. MINIMIZE FRICTION AS MUCH
AS POSSIBLE BY SLOWLY SHIFTING THE CENTRAL RING IN DIFFERENT
DIRECTIONS AND OBSERVING ITS RETURN. TO RETURN THE RING TO THE
CENTER, CORRECT ANY UNEVEN TENDENCIES.
COMPUTATION:
1. USING THE PARALLELOGRAM METHOD, DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE AND
DIRECTION OF THE RESULTANT AND EQUILIBRANT OF F1 AND F2. CALCULATE
THE PERCENTAGE ERROR BY COMPARING THE COMPUTED EQUILIBRANT TO
THE EQUILIBRANT FROM PROCEDURE 1.
2. USING THE SINE AND COSINE RULES, DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE AND
DIRECTION OF THE RESULTANT AND EQUILIBRANT OF F1 AND F2. CALCULATE
THE PERCENTAGE ERROR BY COMPARING THE COMPUTED EQUILIBRANT TO
THE EQUILIBRANT FROM PROCEDURE 1.
CALCULATIONS:
TABLE 1
F1 (GM-WT)
F2 (GM-WT)
W (GM-WT)
θ1 (DEGREES)
θ2 (DEGREES)
θ3 (DEGREES)
MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF THE RESULTANT
OBTAINED GRAPHICALLY
MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF THE RESULTANT
OBTAINED ANALYTICALLY
TABLE 2:
F1 (GM-WT)
F2 (GM-WT)
W (GM-WT)
θ1 (DEGREES)
θ2 (DEGREES)
θ3 (DEGREES)
MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF THE RESULTANT
OBTAINED GRAPHICALLY
MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF THE RESULTANT
OBTAINED ANALYTICALLY
ANALYSIS:
SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS:
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
FIGURE 1:
FIGURE 2:
ALTHOUGH THE VECTORS IN THIS EXAMPLE ARE ADDED IN THE SEQUENCE
A + B + C + D, THE IDENTICAL RESULT MAY ALSO BE OBTAINED BY ADDING THE
VECTORS IN THE ORDER D + C + B + A.
FIGURE 3:
USING THE SAME GENERAL IDEA, WE CAN ADD THE VECTORS IN THIS
EXAMPLE IN EITHER THE SEQUENCE OF A + B + C + D + E + F OR F + E + D + C + B +
A, AND WE WILL STILL END UP WITH THE SAME RESULTING VECTOR.
FIGURE 4:
3. TWO FORCES, F1 AND F2, ACT UPON A BODY IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE
RESULTANT FORCE R HAS A MAGNITUDE EQUAL TO THAT OF F1 AND MAKES AN
ANGLE OF 90° WITH F. LET F1 = R = 10 N. FIND THE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF
THE SECOND FORCE RELATIVE TO F1 ANALYTICALLY.
F 2 cos θ=10
10
F 2=
cos( 45)
F 2=14.142 n
DIRECTION:
θ=90° + 45°=135 °
REFERENCES: