Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune – 40

Epidemiological & Biostatistics Exercise - Set 1

Instructions: 1. Each question is compulsory.

2. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. Find Standard Deviation of incubation period of Chicken-pox when in 8 patients it

was found to be 16, 13, 14, 12, 12,14,14 and 17 days

2. Of the 140 children, 20 lived in owner occupied houses, 70 lived in council houses
and 50 lived in private rented accommodation. Type of accommodation is a categorical
variable. Represent the information in an appropriate chart.

3. Classify the following into quantitative and qualitative variables

(a) Colour of eye (b) Systolic blood pressure
( c) Weight (d) Level of pain

4. Calculate the sensitivity of the clinical diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis from the
given table.

GpA b Hemolytic streptococci

on throat culture Total
Present Absent
Clinical diagnosis of Yes 29 44 73
Strep pharyngitis
No 11 86 97
Total 40 130 170

5. In the Fig given below, each arrow ( ) represents the duration of a case of the

disease. Find the incidence of the disease during the year 2007 (assume population as
3000 persons).

01 Jan 2007 31 Dec 2007

 Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune – 40

Epidemiological & Biostatistics Exercise - Set 2

Instructions: 1. Each question is compulsory.

2. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. The CD4 counts of 5 patients diagnosed as HIV positive is given below. Calculate the
standard deviation. Data observations are 150, 180, 200, 160, 400.

2 In comparing the difference between two population means, if value of p is 0.08,

interpret the result.

3. Draw appropriate diagram to represent the following information.

Serum Cholesterol level Frequency
<130 2
130-150 7
150-170 18
170-190 20
190-210 15
210-230 7
>230 2

4. Calculate the sensitivity of ELISA test from the given table.

HIV Infection
Total
Present Absent
ELISA Positive 90 35 125
Negative 10 365 375
Total 100 400 500

5. Census of a city Y revealed the following information:

(a) Total population - 20,000
(b) Total males - 9,000
(c) Total females - 11000
(d) Number of males dying per year - 50
(e) Number of females dying per year - 30

Calculate Crude mortality rate.

 Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune – 40

Epidemiological & Biostatistics Exercise - Set 3

Instructions: 1. Each question is compulsory.

2. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. For the following 8 hypertensive patients compute standard deviation. 184, 175, 168,
188, 162, 164, 174, 188.

2. Represent the following by appropriate graphical presentation.

Country Credits (crores of Rs.) Debits (crores of Rs.)

India 610 624
USA 955 742
China 660 578
Japan 585 527

3. Calculate median for following data:

26, 67, 56, 08, 35, 50,50, 13

4. An oncologist determined that 75 of 100 randomly selected leukemia patients had

experienced significant exposure to ionizing radiation. One hundred healthy individuals
were randomly selected as controls; cases and controls did not differ with respect to age,
race or sex. Sixty of the controls had experienced significant exposure to ionizing
radiation.
Find the OR (Odds ratio) of leukemia among individuals exposed to ionizing
radiation.

5. Census of a city X revealed the following information:

(f) Total population - 100,000
(g) Total males - 45,000
(h) Total females - 55,000
(i) Number of males dying per year - 600
(j) Number of females ying per year - 400

Calculate sex specific mortality rate.

Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune – 40

 Epidemiological & Biostatistics Exercise - Set 4
Instructions: 1. Each question is compulsory.
2. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. Six volunteers have gone on a cholesterol lowering diet for six months. The posttrial
changes in the cholesterol levels(mg/dl) are given below.
182, 220, 241, 140, 222, 216
Calculate the standard deviation.

2. Of the 140 children, 20 lived in owner occupied houses, 70 lived in council houses
and 50 lived in private rented accommodation. Type of accommodation is a categorical
variable. Represent the information in an appropriate chart.

3. Census population of a city was 10, 00,000. The following events occurred in the year
2007:
(a) Total live births - 30,000
(b) Still birth - 200
(c) Total deaths - 10,000
(d) Maternal death due to causes related to pregnancy - 460
(e) Deaths of children within one year after birth - 780

Calculate infant mortality rate (IMR) for the year 2007.

4. In the Fig given below, each arrow ( ) represents the duration of a case of the

disease. Find the prevalence of the disease on 31 Dec 2007 (assume population as 2000
persons).

01 Jan 2007 31 Dec 2007

5. What is Secondary Attack Rate. Explain with the help of an example.

 Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune – 40

Epidemiological & Biostatistics Exercise - Set 5

Instructions: 1. Each question is compulsory.
2. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. Urinary concentration of lead in 15 rural children ( µmol/24hr) is

0.2, 2.6, 0.1, 1.1, 0.4, 2.0, 0.8, 1.3, 1.2, 1.5, 3.2, 1.7, 1.9, 1.9, 2.2
Calculate median for the above data.

2. The CD4:Cd8 ratio of the 8 patients diagnosed as HIV positive is given below.
0.59, 1.44, 1.39, 1.57, 0.84, 1.71, 1.26, 1.52
Calculate the standard deviation.

3. Table below gives the total expenditure on the First Five Year Plan and its distribution
amongst various types of States. Represent the following data by a simple bar chart.
Government Expenditure in crores of rupees
Central Government 45
Part A States 20
Part B States 20
Part C States 10
Jammu and Kashmir 5

4. Findings of a cross sectional study of the relationship between smoking and anxiety
are given below:

Anxiety level
Total
High Low
Smoker 50 250 300
Non-smoker 50 650 700
Total 100 900 1000

Find the prevalence of high anxiety levels among study participants.

5. From the data given below, calculate relative risk of smokers versus non-smokers:

Death rate from lung cancer among non-smokers: 0.08 / thousand persons/ year
Death rate from lung cancer among smokers : 0.96 / thousand persons/ year
 Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune – 40

Epidemiological & Biostatistics Exercise - Set 6

Instructions: 1. Each question is compulsory.
2. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. Following is the respiratory rate per minute in 5 cases:

20, 16, 24, 18 and 22.
Calculate the standard deviation.

2. Information from the Sports Committee member on representation in different games

at the state level by gender is as given below. Represent the data by appropriate diagram.

Sports event Female Male

Long Jump 4 6
Shot-put 2 4
High Jump 9 11
Running 15 10
Swimming 5 4

3. Calculate the median for the following data:

6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 2, 3, 2, 8, 8

4. A city contains 100,000 people (55,000 males & 45,000 females), and 1,000 people
die per year (400 males and 600 females). There were 50 cases (30 males & 20 females)
of lung cancer per year, of whom 40 died ( 26 males & 14 females).
Calculate case fatality rate for lung cancer.

5. Calculate the predictive value of the positive ELISA test from the given table.

HIV Infection
Total
Present Absent
ELISA Positive 95 40 135
Negative 5 360 365
Total 100 400 500

Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune – 40

 Epidemiological & Biostatistics Exercise - Set 7
Instructions: 1. Each question is compulsory.
2. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. Following are SBP of 10 healthy subjects:

150, 120, 122, 128, 130,126,124,126,122, 130
Find the standard deviation for the above data.

2. The following table gives blood group of patients with Lung Cancer. Present the data
by Simple bar diagram.
Blood Group Frequency
A 25
B 45
AB 15
O 20

3. Findings of a large study of bladder cancer and cigarette smoking are as follows:

 Bladder cancer rates among cigarette smoker: 48/ 100,000 male/ year
 Bladder cancer rates among non - smoker : 25.4/ 100,000 male/ year

Calculate the relative risk of developing bladder cancer for male cigarette smokers
compared with male non-smokers.

4. In village X, there are a large number of HIV positive patients. The results of a new
diagnostic test are summarized in the following table:

Test result Diseased Not diseased Total

Positive 165 540 705
Negative 25 270 295
Total 190 810 1000
Calculate the prevalence of the disease.

5. Define sensitivity of a diagnostic test

Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune – 40

 Epidemiological & Biostatistics Exercise - Set 8
Instructions: 1. Each question is compulsory.
2. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. The table shows frequency distribution of blood group of patients with Lung Cancer
and Throat cancer. Present the data by Multiple bar diagram.

Group Throat Lung

Cancer Cancer
A 20 25
B 48 45
AB 10 15
2. Classify the following into quantitative
O 22 20
and qualitative variables
(a) Colour of eye (b) Blood group
( c) Height (d) Level of pain

3. The HDL cholesteral observations for the 10 patients is as follows:

6.8, 5.3, 6.1, 4.3, 5.0, 7.1, 5.5, 3.8, 4.6, 6.0.
Calculate the standard deviation.

4. A physician wished to investigate the utility of serum creatinine kinase (CK) levels as
a diagnostic test for Acute MI. Findings of the study are as follows:

Acute MI
Total
Present Absent
CK test result Positive 215 16 231
(> 80 IU) Negative 15 114 129
Total 230 130 360

Find the specificity of CK test.

5. In a follow up study of cohort of smokers and nonsmokers, there were 50 cases of

lung cancers among smokers and 2 cases of lung cancers among non- smokers. The data
is summarized in the table given below:

Lung cancer
Total
Present Absent
Smoker 50 1050 1100
Non-smoker 2 1098 1100
Total 52 2148 2200

Calculate the relative risk of developing lung cancers among smokers.