274

.t
POINTS TO REMEMBER

ALGEBRA OF MATRICES (4) Diagonal Matrix : A square matrix in which all non-
diagonal elements are zero is called a diagonal
matrix.
ut Definition and Notation If A is a diagonal matrix of order n in which the
A rectangular arrangement of mn numbers into m rows diagonal elernents are a ll, ezz, o33, o nn, then ,4
and n columns, enclosed by a pair of brackets, is called a is also written as
matrix of order (or size) m x n. A - diag
lalt, a2z, o33, ..... onn)
If m * n, then the matrix is said to be rectangular. (5) Scalar Matrix : A diagonal matrix in which all
Matrices are denoted by capital letters. The element in diagonal elements are equal is called a scalar matrix.
the ith row andith column of a matrix A is denotedby ar. (6) Identity Matrix : A scalar matrix in which each
If A is a matrix of order m x n, then we write diagonal element is 1 is called a unit or an identity
matrix.
A - Lail)*,,
It is denoted by /.
For example, if A - laijl3,.2, then :
(7) Upper/Lower Triangular Matrix : A squarc matrix
f ort otzl in which every element below (above) the diagonal
A_
l"rt
azz
L"tr on )
I
is zero is called an upper (a lower) triangular matrix.
Note: A diagonql matrix is both upper and lower
lzl rypes of Nratrices triangular.
( I ) only one row is (S) Zeromatrix : lf every element of a matrix is zero,it
Li[# ?:ffi *,ililT ;Ti:]:: is calle d a zero matrix or a null matrix.
If it has n elements, then it has n columns and its It is denoted by O. It can have any order, i.e., it may
orderislxn. be square or rectangular.
(2) Column Matrix : A matrix which has only one t3t Algebra of Matrices
column is called a column matrix or a column vector. (1) Equality of Matrices
If it has n elements, then it has n rows and its order is Two matrices A and B are said to be equal
nxl. (A: B) itr
(3) Square Matrix : A matrix in which the number of (i) they have the same order and
rows is equal to the number of columns is called a
square matrix.
(ii)their corresponding elements are equal'

If a matrix A has /, rows and n columns, it is called a

(2) Addition / Subtraction of Matrices
square matrix of order n or an ,r-sqaore matrix. Two matrices can be added to, or subt racted from'
each other iffthey have the same order'
Its diagonal elements are aii and non-diagonal
elements are a
U,
where i * i. If A - laif*xn B - lb i1)*,n, then
&nd, :

A*B-laij+bi7**,
Matrices 275
(3) Scalar Multiple of a Matrix (3) The inverse of a square matrix A extsts, iffr{ is non-
A scalar is a real number. singular,i.e.,lA l* 0.
To multiply a matrix by a non-zero scalar k means to
(4) If a square matrix A is non-singular, then its inverse
multiply every element ofthe matrix by k. Pt is unique.
Also, A . A-r - A-r . A -/ and (A-r)-r : A.
If A:fai)**n, then kA:fkai)**n.
(4) Transpose of a Matrix : (5) lt A and B are both non-singular matrices ofthe same
order, then
The matrix obtained by changing all rows of a matrix
A into columns (or equivalently all columns into (A 'B)-l :B-r ' Pr
rows) is called the transpose ofr4. It is denotedby A' (6) Suppose A is a non-singular matrix and m, n are
or AT. scalars (n * 0) such that A2 + mA + nI - 0. Then, ,4
: (A + mI): -nL
If A : la i\**r, then : A' laiiTn*m.
Note : .'. *D) : I : A-A-I
(i) (A')': A ^l*r^+
(ii) (A + B)': A', + B',
(iii) (k' A)': k' A'
... A*l: aU + mI)
(iv) (AB)': B'A' 16l Minors, Co-factors"nal,,aioint
14l Multiplication of Matrices Suppose A : f",) is a square matrix of ordet n x n.
Product of Matrices (1) Minor of an Element
In the product AB, the matrix r4 is called the pre-factor, The minor of an element oii, denoted by Mii, is the
and B the post-factor. determinant ofthe matrix obtained by deletiirg the i
The matrix product AB, in that order, exists iff th row andi th column of the matrix A.
no. of columns of pre-factor A (2) Co-factor of an Element
: no. of rows of post-factor B. The signed minor of an element oi is called its co-
factor, denotedby CU
Tf A is m x p and ^B is p x n,then the product AB exists and
hasordermxn. Thus, Ci: (- 1)i*i Mij
Note (3) Adjoint of a Matrix
(l ) Even if AB exists, it is not necess ary that ^Br4 should Let A : fa i)r*, be a square matrix and C,,be the co-
also exist. And even if AB and BA brlth exist, they factor of a',,.lf B is the matrix obtained bi replacing
may not be equal. each elem'ent aiiof A by its co-factor Co, i.e. B -
(2) Only a square matrix can be multiplied by itself. fC,J,*,, then th'e transpose of B i.e., B', is called
A rhus'adj '4
We define : A2 - A' A, 5?:ffi:: {/:i'Ji1'notedbYadj
A3-trz.Ar...
Important Properties
and so on.
tsl fnverse of a Matrix
(i) The value ofthe determinant of A, i.e. lll is the sum ofthe
products obtained by multiplying each element of a row
(1) Determinant of a SQUARE Matrix (column) by its co-factor.
Only a squore matrix has the determinant. For example, if A- t"l is a 3 x 3 matrix, then :

The determinant of a square matrix A is obtained by on' C,* an' Ctz* atz' Ctt
V4l:
replacing the brackets by vertical bars.
(ii) Sum of products formed by elements of any row (or
It is denoted by I A I or det (A). column) and co-factors of corresponding elements ofany
A square matrtx A is said to be other row (or column) is zero
(i) singular iff lAl-0 e.E. o, ' Czt* ,tz' Czz* ot3' Czl- 0
(ii) non-singular iff I A l* 0 (iii) If A is any n x n square matrix then :

(2) Inverse of a Matrix A (adj. A): (adj . A) A - lAl. I"

If A and B are two square matrices of th e same order where I nis the n x n identitY matrix
such that AB : BA : /, then each ofthem is said to be (iv) lf A and B are non-singular matrices of the same order,
the inverse of the other. then :
The inverse of a matrix A isclenoted by tr-t -
adj. (AB): (adj . B) (adj. A)
Notes (v) lf A'is the transpose ofnon-singular matrix A,then:
(1) Only a square matrix may have inverse. adj. (A'): (adj. A)'
(2) If a square matrix A is singular, i.e.,l A I : 0,
then its inverse does not exist.
276 lj'I urv el M utlte nrulic s M H T:C E T

(vi) lf A is the non-singular matrix of ordet n,then : To convert ,1 into /, apply a suitable ro'*, transformation
to get
ladj.Al-l/fl :

(vii) If A is the non-singular matrix of ordet n, then : Step - I : I in the place of ltt rI
adj.(adj' A) : I A lo-z' A. Step - 2.: 0 in the places of a2t, a3t L :
*
Step 3 : I in the place of azz
(viii) A-t :
0
*r(adj.A)
(ix) (A)'t : g-tY Step - 4"' 0 in the places of e tz, al2 ;
Step '- 5.' I in the place of a33 0 -l

ELEMENTARY TRANSFORMATIONS Step - 6.' 0 ill the places of a 13, az3 ? .|

The matrix A on the /.ft.s. is norn'converted into1. It, at

this stage, the identi[, matrix l orl the rh-s. is cottverted
171 RowTransformations into sonrc matrix B. then we get
The fol lowi ng a re elemen tary row tran s form at i on s.
I.A-t-,8,
- (l) Interchanging ith andTth row.
i.c., - IJ.
.,1-'l
Notation : R, or /i, <-+ R,
(2\ I9l Inverse of a N'latrix by Column Transforrnations
Multiply,ng ith row by a non*zel? llurrlber k. Suppose we ure given A matrix
Notation : Ri + k ' R,or simplY k' R, tttz
(3) Adding to the elements of ith row, k times the [.r, , "r : I
,4 'j:: I aZl
"t
cl22
--
uZl
LJ I

corresponding elements of ith row. |

Lutt u3z att )
I

Notation: R,+ Ri + k R.ior sirnplyRi + k' R,

Wc hav e, A-l ' A: I
Note
C
(l )
olumn tran stbrmation
C,, or C, Ci
s
... 4_,1:,,r,, :,r:, :,,=:r)::
o32 ,rr,|
tl ?0 Sl t-]
|.ry [O
(2) Cia k ' C,or simply k' Ci No\,\,, perfrirnr a series of suitrible colut'trn transftlrnrations
(3 ) - ptv c i a k cy cnr the post-factor (A) an the /"/e.s. so as to convert it into
};;l :L
"1.H:
the identi y rnatrix. Do the solner tralrsformations
sinrultaneouslyon the identity rnatrix / on the r.h.s.
An Important Result
'fo convert I into I apply a suitable colurnn transfortttation
Suppose AB - P.
to get :
If a row transformation on the pre-fa ctor A and the
product P gives the matrices l^ and Po respec'tivelyi then Step *- I : I in the placc o1' utt
AR'B:Pn Slep - :0 in the place of a,, ctlj
2

Similarly, if a column transformatiorl on the ;rost-factor 100

product P gives matrices B, and Pa respectively, Step * I : I in the plac,e ol' uz2
^B and
then Step - 2 :0 in the place of ezz, az3
A.BC:PC ...0 I 0
Step * I : I in the place of u33
t8l Inverse of a Matrix by Row Transformations
Consider the same matrix A as above. Step - 2 :0 in the place of 031t ct32

We have, A ' 6r : f .
...0 0 I
The matrix the /. h.s. is now converted into /. Il', at
A
arz a1l I-I o
ott
|o1 az2 ol this stage, the identily rnatrix / on the r h.s. is converted
.'. lozt ayjl'A-' - l0 I 0l into ,\ltne matrix R, then we get
l"rt atz a1y.) [o o tJ gt I: B.
Now, perform a series of row transformations on the pre- i.e., gt - B.
factor (,4) on the 1.ft.s. so as to convert it into the identify
ll0l Sinrultaneous Linear Equations
matrix. Do the same transfornrations simultaneously on
the identity matrix / on the r.h.s. The three simultaneous equations in three variables "l, /,
z, \'i2,..
atx+blt+ c:rz:d,
a2x+bry*cf:dz
a3x * brtt * crz: d3
7

Matrices 277
can be written in the matrix form as Usually, reduction to a triangular matrix is much easier
and faster.
fo,
lo, Suppose I
is reduced to an upper triangular matrix T. rf,
at this stage, ^B is converted into a column matr ix C,then
L", AX - B now becomes TX: C, i.e.,
i.e., say, A'X: B.
The matrix A is called the co-fficient matrix. f\' ';;'i1] :
To solve these equations, usually we convert the co-
efficient matrix A into the identify matrix / as shown in Lt [,] l2)
[8] above. .'. tttx+tlr1t+tnz:€l ...(3)
If when A is converted into I, B is converted into some tZZl * tZZr: €z ...(2)
matrix C then I . X: C, i.e., X: C. tZZz: €3 ...(l)
[r, I lrl [r, I From (1), we get z.
If C : lr, I, thenly I : lr, Using this in (2), findy.
L"r) l,r)
I

LrrJ Using these values of_y and z in (3), find x.

.'. the solution is This gives the complete solution.
X - €p !: €2, Z: €3. Going Step-by-Step
IIU Method of Reduction To redu ce A to an upper triangular matrix, in the equation
Strictly speakin E, ? matrix, which has been subjected to a AX: B, apply a suitable row transformation to get :
number of elementarytransformations, is called a reduced Step - I : I in the place of an
matrix iff 1- ;
(i) the firstnon-zero element in such row is I while all Step - 2.' 0 in the places of azt, a3t L O

other elements in the column in which this 1 appears Step - 3 .' I in the place of az2
are zero l- I 1

(ii) the first non-zero element in each row is to the right Step - 4.' 0 in the places of a3z L O 0
ofthe first non-zero element of each preceding row A Note on Step - 4
(iii) each row that contains only zeroes is below each row If, instead of a32, we get 0 in the pla ce of aj3, the method
that contains a non -zeroelement. still works.
Ex. The matrices
A:
l, b1
lolo3l ltzl (i) lf
L, d)
and lAl: ad- bc *O,then:
lo o t
[l?][l?3] [oooo] 2l
A-t: t Id -b1
are reduced matrices. lAlL-c a)
But the matrices lcos cr -sin crl
(ii) lf f (u): cr cos
Isin

tltlttssl[lll]
"_J
ct, - sin cr 0l
[':'
I Sln CT, COS CT,
:
are not reduced matrices. 0 ?l 'then
Practical Method of Reduction r(u)/G:f,ui 'f (u) -.f (a+ 0),
Suppose the given equations, in the matrix form, are AX V@)1" -,f (nu),
-8. t/(cr)l-t : f (-u).
Then, performing identical row transformations on A and
B simultaneously, reduce the matfixA to a triangular or a
diagonal or an identity matrix.
 IT
278 M arv e I M at h ematic s MH T- C E T

MULTIPLE cHorcE QUESTTONS

l- 1 ', -rl
L
I ' ^l
9. tr A:
L
j -i 1),then
: I adj (adi A)t:

l. rr AX: B,where A: I I ;7,8: [l (a) (17), (u) ioi)z

:] ,
(c) 0T3 .. (d) e7)4
then X- 10. The sum of the products of the elements of any row of a
lr ol [o 3l determinant 1,4 | with the corresponding co-factors ofthe
(a)
lz rl tb) [r z) same row is always equal to

ls 21 lz ol (a) lAl (b) 2lAl

(c) (d)
[o r
J [r rJ
(c) )t ut (d) o

2. 11. If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then :

adj. (AB):
(a)
lttsl lt tt1 (a) (adj . A) (adj . B) (b) (adj . B) (adj . A)
ltn) tb) [srr] (c) (adj . A) + (adj. B) (d) (adj . A) - (adj . B)
lsttl
(c) rt)
ltttl
(d) I s] 12. If k is a scalar and A is a square matrix of order n x n
lt [: then : adj . (kA) --
lt 6 -rl lq 2 sl (a) k (adj. A) (b) t{ (adj. A)
3.
rf A.lq z :l:1, 3 ol,then A: (c) Yn-r (adj . A) (d) w+' (uaj . A)
[r 3 o] lt 6 -rJ 13. If d is the value ofthe determinant ofa non-singular matrix

[r ool [r ool of ordet n, then the determinant of its adjoint is

(a)LS
l?l t')LS ?ll
(a) dn
(c) d n-2
(b) d'-r
(d) d
[o r ol I-r ool 14. lf A is non-singular matrix oforder n such that lAl: dand

Ll 3 ll
(c) (d) I adj. Al: d', then

L: ; ?l
:

(a) dd' : d2 (b) dd':dn

4. lf A is a square matrix, then : adj @\- (adj . A)r : (c) dd': dn-l (d) dd': I
(a) 2lAl (b) zladj.Al
(c) unit matrix (d) null matrix 15. Aisa2x 2 matrix such that A (ad1. A): ,1] ,then
[t
-
5. If A is a square matrix of order n x n, then; adj (adj . A): lA l:
(a) l,ty-r.A (b) lAln.A (a) o (b) 10
(c) 20 (d) 100
(c) l,ey-z.u (d) lAlA,
16. If A is a singular matrix, then adj. A is
6. lf A is a non-singular matrix of order n x n, (a) singular (b) non-singular
then : ladj 'Al: (c) symmetric (d) not defined
(a) I A l" (b) l,t y-t
(c) lny-z (d) nlAl 1
bt r,l
", b2
17. If, in D- 1", c2
, tf,e co-factor ofa ,is A ,, then ;
7. If A is a non-singular matrix, then : A (adj ' A) _ Lq4q) |

(a) identitymatrix (b) null matrix ,tAt + czA2* ,3A3:

(c) scalar matrix (d) diagonal matrix (a) 0 (b) -lDl
If Ais a singular matrix, then : A (adj. A): (c) lDl (d) lD?
(a) identity matrix (b) null matrix
(c) scalar matrix (d) transpose ofl
r Matrices 279
18. If the value of a third-order determinant is I l, then the 26. lfAisasqu re matrix su C th t ,,1'! =-- /, rl"r(
value of the determinant formed by the co-factors is (a) does n t exist (r li
(a) 1l (b) tzt (c) -A (r );4
(c) 133 I (d) t4&t
27. ffAz + mA + nl==Oandr *0 I ,l | ,;/,0. tht
19. lf A - lo il is a 4 x 4 matrix and C,, is the co-factor of the
elemen*bi,in Det (A), then the exirression (a) -**o + nt) (h) - *, .L wrt)
;;
att C tt * atz C tz * otl C t3* ota C to equals
(a) o (b) -l (c) -ir,-f mA) (CI ) ,4 )- m n,i
(c) 1 (d) Det (A)
28. IfA 2+2A+31 :Oar di A * 0,'tlrert A*i
I

t
I

I
,,--

l+ 21
20. If A: I' 4),then : I adj. Al: (a)
I
-lU + 2t) (b) -; tA
I
-i- ir')
LJ
(a) 6 (b) t6
-1_

I
(c) l0 (d) -6 (c) -iu + 6r) (d) A -r 2"1

fa 001 29. Ifa 3 x 3 matrix Aha: itssi S .t ,eci,.i;ll to*'1, fiten A2 *

21. rf A:l o
; :] 'then :tAt ladj.Al: lo r o-j [i(]ili}
Lo
(a) lr r rl (b) i{i i}l
(a)
(c)
a3
ae
(b) o6
(d) a27
[o r o] It u tl
lr o o-l Ir r rl
lr 2 3l lo r ol (d) lrrrl
[r r rl
(c)
22. tr A -- 3 2l .rhen
lz 2 [o o rJ
Lr z)',
30. TfA and B are non-sin gu lar rnatri ces tltc.n (AnYt *
(a) Cn+ Czz* Ctz- 0 (b) Cn+ Czt* Clr : I
(a) AB (tt) R,4
(c) Cn + Czr: C3z (d) Crz+ Czz: C3z (c) pr p-r (d) /,i- l.i 1

|-rit -2t3 -2t31 31. rcD '= di,ug ldt, rt2, ..", .i;.,1, ,\rher,: rlil {) liri'i ""
A: I !1 -1, ,-l : then D-t -
23. rr
L z/3 :,,:
-z/3 t/3) lail3x3, then, for ail
(a) diag Uldt, 11d1,..., llcl,,l
i andi, the co-factor C U of a, is such that (b) D
(a) C U: aii (b) Ci: - oji (c) I (di t)
(c) Ci: oi (d) ci= @), I
32. lf A is a non-singular nratrix, lhcu ilct 1,,1 )
(a) det (A) (b) I r' <let (A')
(c) 1 (d) (.1

33. If Az * tr * I : o, then,l- l .-.-,

lr 3l (a) ,42 (b).l)t

24. lfAX:f,whereA:' (c) A--l (d) t
[r tJ'thenx: .'1

(a)
f-ttz 3/21 (b) l',',
-i1) 34. If \ is the identity nratrix of ord*r 3 tlir:rr ( /-, )
L t/2 4tz) [ (a) O
(c) 13
(t)) 3/:,
(d)
(c)
Ittz 3tzl (d)
tlot.,s rt 0t e::i iri

lrrz u2) [l l] 35. lf A and B arc sqriare matric:r-:s s;uolr that /-l '"
then (A + B)2 :

If
[+l l-+ 8 41
A: (a) O (b) ,17 t- li2
25.
LI.l
':L:I Z
I l,
3J
then
(c) Az + 2AB + Bz (d) .'l .r ll
(a) [1 2 -l] (b) [-r 2 l]
(c) [l -2 l] (d) [-l -2 rI
280 M arvel Mothemati cs MHT_CET
36. The element in the first row and third column ofthe inverse [- cos cr sin cr 0l I cos a sin cr 0l
Ir 2 -rl
[-'f " 'o;"
(a) (o)
ofthe-ut'i*l! I ?lis Lsinc*o;" ?l ?-l
LOO U
[cos cr sin cr ol [o - I ol
(a) -2 (b) 0 -cosG
(c) (d)
(c) I (d) 7 L'[" ?l L; 3 ?l
rf A: : : [o t 21 .f I -t tl
37.
[l ;] , and A-t aA, then cr, p,:;L
Ll : : _\ 1l
45. rrA: and ,then
(a) 7 (b) -7 ?l
1l (a) a-2,c:-l/2 (b) a-l,c--l
(c) 7 (d) -7 (c) a--l,c:l (d) a-l/2,c:ll2

38. tf A :
[: _;]
, then rsA-' :
46. Ifx is a complex cube root of unity and, :
[r,il
A Ll i ; ,
(a) (b) 2A -J

I then A-t -
(c) in (d) - A

39. The inverse of the matrix, :

[orol
L; 3 ?l
is
(a, *[* J
rt
i] .', ,[l + i]tl
(a) A (b) -A (c) all ) ll
x *r)
.r\ 1[-l
(d) 71, )x ,,-l
lr ool [r ool
(c)
L; I ?l (d)
L; ? Sl
47.
lorol
If A:[cr _CtJ
Eand A2: I,then
[o o rJ
40.
LY (a) A (b) -A
(a) t+&+By-0 (b) r-o,2-FV-0 ool lr 0ol
(c) r*a2+0y-0 (d) t+o,2-0V-0 tt r ol (d) o ol
L; r0l
(c)
41. Which of the following matrices does not have inverse ?
Io 0 rl
lz 2 rl
(a)
[l l] .') [:l j] 48. If A:
L2t2)
lr o zl,then A-r _
:l
(c) lz ;) (d)
lz -rr
l; L; ;l 22tl
3 '2 Zl
l-z -3
2
+l
lr o -rl (a)
[. 4 -3 -z)
(b)
L ', 2 -z)
-31

42.
tf A - | t 4 s lanO A-t : laulr*r,then o zs :
[o 6 t) 2 -2 rl
z tzl (d)
(a) n2t
(b)
5
I (c)
L
z orl does not exist

lr -r tl zz1
_ t4
2
(c) -?5 (d)
=) LetA:lz I -3land r0B o " l.
l-s
[t r :
49.
43. lf A3 - I and lAl* o, then A-t -
rJ Lr -2 :l
(a) * 13 (b) tr3 lf A-r : B,then : cr

(c) - 12 (d) 12 (a) -2 (b) -l

(c) 2 (d) s
a - sin cr ol
[cos
I srn cr COS C[ is
44. Inverse of the matrix
Lo 0 ?l
-

Matrices
28t
50. Given that Ar isthe matrix obtained by changing all rows
ool
of A into columns. IfA is a 3 x 4 matrix such that ATB and
BAr are both defined, then the order ofB is 57. Inverse of the *"rrr. I 0l ,,
(a) 3x4 (b) 3x3 [i c lJ
(c) 4x4 l-l ool
t-r ,r1,
(d) 4x3
(a) | -" r
-c rJ
ol (b) l-:3il
L b -c
sr. tf A:l: :)and B-[-r then: A*tB- lo"-o
[t o It -a ac-b]
(a)
hrl (b)
3ll (c) l" o
(d) lo t -c I

[s oJ t 50J 1"" b il [o o r]
(c) [: -rl 58. If A:foi,Jl,l, in which on : l, a lz: 2, al3:3 and the
[s oJ (d)
[; ;l correspoiiding co.factors are , All :3, An:-2,An: l,
then : det (A):
+ i -i I
52. rf A'_ -L[r i r-t) , wher'e i: J-t, and (a) -2 (b) 0
(c) I (d) 2
trz_ 2A * I :0, then : A-t :
59. If a matrix A - lo,,Jl*t has first two rows identical, and
i e3l : l, a3z:2, ait : 3, All : 3, An: l, then i A3z:
(a)
[';' , j-,] (b)
[' ; ,;,] (a) -4 (b) z
(c)
i (c) -3 (d) 6
['],' ,'-,] (d)
[' ; ,-,] 60. lf A is a 3 x 3 non-singular matrix such that
lr -3 q1 6r + (adj . A): 0, then det (A):
53. rf A :Li :A-r: (a) I (b) -l
-? il ,,hen (c) 0 (d) t/2
(a) A (b) trz 61. lf A and B are both 4 x 4 non-singular matrices such
(c) tr3 (d) na that A+^B:0 and lAl:2, then : ;.-r:

54. Inverse of the matrix

[ 0.8 0.6I I
(a) (adj. B) (b) -* (adj. a)
L- o.u 0.8 JIS Z
lo.s - o.ol (c) 2 (adj. B) (d) a@di B)
(a) (b) [- o.s 0.6l
Lo.u o.8l L- o.o o.8J 62. If x+y+z:3, x+2y+32:4, x* 4y+92:6, then:
(y, z) =
[- o.s - 0.6l ls -ol (a) (-1, 0)
(c)
L 0.6 o.8J (d)
[o sJ
(c) (1, -l)
(b) (1,0)
(d) (-1, I )
[cos
r -sin r Ol 63. lf A isa3x3matrixsuchthat adj. A: A, then
55. Iff (x): lsrnx cosx Ol
Lo ou I ano, (a) A: o
(b) A is non-singular
Icosx 0 sinxl (c) A
s(r):l[-sin-r 0
e\' o I o I , then : V@) .-f @)J-t :
all elements of
(d) A is singular
are equal

cosx]
(a) "f (-x) ' g (-y) (b) f (*-t) 's 0-r) 64. If A isa2x2matrixsuchthat
12ooe + A2oo8 : f, then : (A2oo81-l
(c) s el 'f ?x) (d) s (y-t) -"f (f,-t) -
(a) 12008 a 1 (b) tr2ooe a 1
56. rf A
lr z1 (c) A+ I (d) A
I

Lo iJ ,then : (A-'): -
(a)
r Ir -ze1
(b)
t [t
tt zo1
zt lo 27) ztlo 27)
(c)
r [r -ze1 t [-l -zo1
27 l o -27)
(d) I

zt lo -27 ) -t
 M arvel M athematics M H T:C ET
282 of B's
(a) there exists more than one but finite number
65. Let o, b, c e R+ and abc - 1.
such that AB: BA
If a matrix ,4 is such that (b) there
:
exists exactly one B such that AB BA
f, b cl (c) there exist infinitely many B's such that AB: BA

A:lb
tL
c 1l and ArA: I, (d)therecannotexistanyBsuchthatAB:BA
[ca b) I ArEEE,2006 |
then: o3+b3+c3:
(b) 3 '72.
-' Lf A and B are square matrices of size n x n such that
(a) I ir'_ g, _ (A _ B)^(A + B), then which of the following
(c) 4 (d) none of these
will be alwaYs true ?
I Based on IIT:JEE, 2003 |
(a) AB: BA
andB=
lr ol (b)eitherofAorBisaZeromatrix
rr A = [s r]'
66.
[l ?]
A2:B is
(c)eitherofAorBisanidentitymatrix
(d)A:BIATEEE'20061
then value of cr for which
(a) 1
(b) -1 73. If to is a complex cube root of unity'
(d) no real values
(c) 4
I IrTIJEE, 2003 | and matrix ,: [ool
L; ;J , then :
rf,o:
.

(a) H (b) o
lo 21
67. If: A-lz and lA3 l- 125, (c) -H (d) Ir2
"J I AIEEE, 2011 |
then : cr:
(a) *l (b) *2 74. Let P and o be 3x3 matricesand P*8.
(c) *3 (d) +5 rf p3 - e3 and Pg - eP,
I IIT:JEE, 2004 | then determinant of (P + C) is equal to
(b) I
Ioq -l o -rl (d) -1
68. Let : A = I
ol'
L-r o t AIEEE,a0Lzl
oJ
matrix A is
75. lf A is a non-singular matrix such that
Then the only correct statement about the
(a) A is a zero matrix (A - 21) (A - 41): o,
(b) A - (-1) /, where I is a unit matrix
,
then
(c) A-r does not exist I.;r)+ loa-tt
(d) A2:I (a) o (b) I
lArEEE,2004 | (c) 2I (d) 6I
69. Slatem of equations 76. If : B - -A-r BA, then : (A +812-
(a) A2 + 82 (b) o
T..:rI":l-1, (c) A2 + 2AB + 82 (d) A+ B
x*y+Az:Cf-1 77
of the same order
. rf A and B are syrnmetric matricesBA'
has no solution, if cr is then : (CD)r =
such that C - AB +'BA and D- AB -
(a) 1
(b) not -2 (a) CD (b) DC
(c) either -2 or I (d) -2 (c) -DC (d) none of these
I AIEEE,2005 |
cosx sin x
70. If : 12_A+I:O,then ; A-r_ (x,Y) = I -stn x
t cos x
7g. If : f ;l
(a) I-A (b) A-I
(d) A+ I
Lo
:
0e
(c) A then : V(x,Y)l-t
I AIEEE,2005 I (b) f Cx, -Y)
(a) "f (x, -Y)
(c) f (-x, Y) (d) none of these

7t. Let , n:l\ ';and r: [6 :] , a, be N

Then
Matrices 283

zr t 2J-k 2J k1
I
ix A-
84. [f matr
f o li

79. Let : A-l zJt I -zkl, L"

then I A fr is equal to

L-rJo zk -r_l (a) - bc

ad (b)
I

t o 2Jk t Jkl I [d
ad - bc
B=1, zk o 2Jkl (c) ad _ tuf- c
L-,tk -2Jk ol IMHTLCET,2010 |
where k is a real number.
If: det (adj A) + det (adj B) : I n0 sin nOl
cos
106, 85. lf An: then the matrix ^B satistring
L-sin zo cos "g)
then : tk)* AB:BA-1is
I

(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) s (d) 6 (a)
Isin 0 - cos 0l
(b) l- sin 0 cos 0-l
I

[.o, o sin 0 ] [- cos 0 sin 0_]

I

I rIT-JEE, 2010 |
(c) lcos0 -sin0l I cos 0 sin 0l
fsin e .o, e ]
(d)
[- sin 0 cos 0_l
PREVIOUS YEARS I MHGCET,20ltl
lt 6 -ll l+ 2 3l
]

MHT-CET EXAM QUESTTONS g6. If ,qlq 2 3l= lr 0lthen A = 3

I

[r 3 o] lt6 rl
[: z 6l tt 2 -21 lr o ol [r or olol
: lo o rl lo
80. rf A
L; ', 'r)'B- L J -; il '
then (a)
[o r o.]
(b)
[o o r]
(a) AB is not a scalar matrix
lolol [o rol
(b) AB is not syrnmetric lr o ol (d) lo o rl
Li ; ;_l
(c)
(c) A and B are inverses of each other
[o o rj
(d) AB is a singular matrix
I MHT:CET, 2011 |
lMHGCET,2008 |
lcos0 -sin0l : BA:1
81. lf A: e .o, o] and AB then B - ANSWERS
Isin
l- cos e sin el lcos 0 sin 0l l. d 2.c 3.c 4.d 5.c
(a) sin e ,o, el
Isin 0
(b)
l- .o, e-] 6.b 7. c g.b 9.b 10. a
0 sin 0l
l- [- cos 0 sin 0l
(c) sin e - .o, e]
cos 11. b 12. a 13. b 14. b 15. b
(d)
[- [-sine .orO] 16. a 17. a 18, b 19. d 24. c
I MHTLCET,2009 | 21. c 22. c 23. c 24. a 25. b
lr 2 3l 26. d 27. b 28. a 29. c 30. d
82. If CU is the co-factor of a, and A-lz 3 zl then
Lr 2 2)
31. a 32. b 33. d 34. c 35. b
36. d 37. c 38. a 39. a 40. b
(a) Ctz+ Czz+ Ctz: 0 (b) Ctl+ Czl* C*: I
(c) Ctt + Czt: C32 (d) Ctt + Czz* Cll: I 41. c 42. d 43. d 44. b 45. b
46. b 47. a 48. b 49. d 50. a
I MHT-CET,2009 |
51. b 52. a 53. c 54. a -- c
55.
I cos0 -sin0l
83. Let A- then the inverse of A is 56. a 59. c
[-sine -cose_] ' 57. a 58. d 60. b
61. a 62. b
l- cos 0 sin 0l [- cos 0 sin 0l 63. d 64. c 65. c
(a) sin e - e_]
L sin 0 .o, el
(b) 66. d 67. c 69. d
[- -.o, 69. d 74" a

(c)
Isin0 -cos0l
(d)
[-sin0 -cos0l 71. c 72. a 73. a 74. c 75. b

[ro, o - sin e] [-.o, e sin e] 76. a 77. c 78. b 79. b 80. c

I MHGCET,2010 I 81. a 82. c 83. a 84. b 85. c
96. d
 II
l
i

M ary e I M at h e mat ic s M H T-C E T

284
.'. by .R, <+ R,
HINTS I SHORT.CUTS lorol lq z
: lt 6
lr o olr
SOLUTIONS [o o r] [r il
3

.'. bY ^R, <-+ R,

l. Given AX: B, where
lorol l+ z :l
lo o rlr -lt
Ii;]
3

lt6 il
A= B= ... (2)
[; :] [r ooJ
..' A and B areboth Zx?squarematrices [orol
Comparing (1) and (2)' A :
L? 3 ll
.'. X is also a2 x 2 matrix
All matrices in the four options are also 2 x 2
Reverse solution-
matrices.
E
.'. each of them is eligible to be the answer
4. ... adj (A') - (adj A)r
To decide which of them is correct, we will try
.-. adj @\- (adj A)r - o .-. (d)
each option as the matrix X and see if it satisfies
the equation AX - B. 5 to 8, 10 to 14, 16,17 and 19. Standard Properties
g. lf A is n x Yt,. then
lr 0l
adj (adj A): I a 1"-z ' o
In option (a), x- lz 3l
.'. I adj (adj A)l:lAl"-' 'la I : I Aln-r
ll ls 3l
".'. AX = L-l jl[;s] = L; ;] *B
I ...txl Here, lAl : | (2 + 2) -2 (-r - 4)- I (l -4)

lo 3l -4+10+3
In option (b), x- :17
[r 2)
,i] *B A)l:lA l3-t - OT2-
.-. I udj (adj
Ax:
I I ;] [? ))= [;
...txl 15. lf A is2v2,then lAl:ladjAl
'.' l,n 6ai 10l: loo
In optoin (c),
": [3 ?] adj Al: loo "'lAl'lAl:1oo
"'latl

'.'
AX=[ il[; =t:l] *B ?]
the first three options are incorrect
...t xl .'. lel:10.
18. If A is a non-singular matrix of order
then: ladj Al:llY-t
n,

.'. the correct oPtion is (d) ... (d) .'. llcull :IlculrI
Independent Verifi cation :ladjAl
-l/f-r "'here n:3
rn option (d), x- tl S] - (11)2
: l2l "'(b)
Ax=[i ;]tl 3] =[;:] =B ...tr'
=[l '-1 .'. adiA =l; -1]
1

I zo. A
2. Similar to Sol. above.

lt 6 -ll l+ 2 3l .'. I adj . A l- (4) (4) - (-3) (-2): 16 - 6: 10 "' (c)

elq; ,l : lr 3 ol
r-lv!"Li
Let ...(1) fa 0 0l
3.
; ol lt 6 -rl 2r. A= lo a "l lAl-a.a.o:o3
...
lt 6 -tl Z;) L; "'tAl:a'a'a:t
Let B: lq 2 3l ,.tAt tadj n,:,,1,,iyr:;:ae
[r 3 o] ...(c)
'.' IB: B

[t o ol
l0 I 0lB: l'^
[o o rJ [r
i
3
ll
o]
 fl

l'

-- -
Matrices 28s
2:l 32.'.' A isnon-singular ... lAl*0
3zl
I
,l-
22. '.'AA-1 :, I l:lrl
"'1
2z) ... l,qA*l
.'. lell,q-'l:t .'. l,q-'l:t /lAl.
Cfi: (-r)'.'
l; I 33. tr2-A+I:O
...A-A2:I ...A(I-A):I
Czt = (-l)'.'l" ) a .-. A-l - I-A
34. Every identity matrix is the inverse of itself.
(-r)'*'l) ) =1
35. B--A-lgA ...A8:-BA .-.AB+BA-O
.'. (A + B)2 : A2 + 82 + AB + BA : A2 + 7.2.
cl l+ Czt -.. (c)
36. Required Element : x (cofactor of a3)
*[
23. With A_
that C tZ: ayl, C tS: a3l , ...
find Cn, Ct3, ... and, then, note
... (c)
:*xl: il:7
,tt
,-r I I d -ul 37. rfA=l:,r),tAt*o,
ad - bcl-c aJ
r I r -:l l-ttz ttzl A-t=
-l
tt

1[-t tJ
=l
L vz -rrz)
I
... (a)
then:
i,ll :l
25. Similar to Sol. l.
2G. A2 - I .-. A(AA*, ) -- lA- .". AI : A-l |
... A-l - A.
A=ll:)
27. A2+mA+nI:o .'.A2+ mA--nI ... 6l:aA
.'. A(A+mI):-nI
. r l-z -3-l _lz 3l
"' q [-r z) = "Ll -z)
". [ 2/7 3/71= lzo :al
ltn-z/7) L cr, -2")
.'. 2/7 :2a, etc.
.'. cf, : l/7 ".. (c)
... A=
38.
[: ;) ... rAl = -re
... A-' = -;]
+[_3
... tsA-t =
ll _;1= A ... (a)

39.
A2 =[lo Br l]ollo Br ?lol
[r o ol Ll
...A2:l:l o ' ol lt o ol
Lo o lJ
-.. (c)
= lo t ol = I
30. Standard Properties - Reversal Laws [o o rJ
(l) (AB)-t - B-t A-l -.. A2-I ...A-l-A ... (a)
(2) (ADr - prlr
(3) adj (AB) - (adj B) (adj A) 40. A= [*
Lv
Pl
-crJ
31. Standard Property: ... A2-I ...A.A:I
lf a, b, c are non -zefo,then

lo o ol-t ft/o o ol
lo b ol --lo vb ol
[o o ,) Lo o ,i,)
286 Marvel Mathematics fut H T-CET
52. ... A2-2A+I:o
.lo' +Fv o l=[r
"L ol
.'.2A-A2:I
o Bv+o') Lo lJ .'. A(21 -A):I:AA-l
&+0y_l
...
.'. I - a2 - 9y - o ^
... (b) ;.A-,:zr_A:[; l] [r;, ,-_] tJ
I
41. If I A l: 0, then A does not have inverse'
42. lal: I (28 -30)- I (18- 0): -20 = ,'.,] ... (a)
['-,'
.'. c.zt - x (cofactor of an) -3 +l[: -3 q1 t-3 -4 +l
rt Az=l', = -1
53.
il
ro -? L3 :? il L: 2 :l
: -:I I -11
x (-l)3+2
3 f 3 -4 4l[3 -4 q1
-20 sl
Aa =Ll -: Ll ;' s] ',1
l-r o ol
43. lAl*0 = lo t ol= I
..- A3-I
.'.A'A2:A2"A:I
[o o r]
.'. A4: r
... (d)
.'. A-l - AZ ... A - 13 : A3 - A: I .'. A-l -- tr3 ... (c)
44. If /(u) is the given matrix, then :
...A=t99 ... '^ =l
t/(a)l-r- f?a) ...(b) 54. o '1-t
o'o 99.l
o'81 " lAl
L-
t l

[o t 21 ,[ I -l ll t(adj.A)=tg9 -9ul
'L
A=lr z 3l,A-t =-l-s
zls 62"1 ... A-t =
Al o.8l
45.
Li; (C,il' -3 rJ I Lo.6 "' (a)
.." (R: of A) of A-r) - 0 [cosx -sinx ol
.'. (3) (rl2) + (a) (-812) + (l) (slz) -0 --
55. r\u
_f (x) = lsinx cosx 01,

.'.3-8a+5-0 .'.8a:8 -'-a:l Lo o rl

..- (R, of A) (Ct of A-r) : 0 Icosx 0 sinxl
.'. (0) (l) + (r) (2c) + (2) (1) - 0 s(x)=l 0 I 0l
.'. 2c:-2 .'. c --1 [- sin x 0 cos ,]
... A-lrC--l ...(b) .'. V @l-r :,f (-*), tg (x)l-' : g (--x)
46. Reverse solution : Check if A-t A is I. .'. v@)'so\-r- k0)l-' 'v@)l-t
A2:I :.A-l-A ...(a) : g (-.y) f (-x) . ... (c)
47.
48. Given matrix A multiplied by matrix in option (b) gives
the identity matrix /. 56. '.'A=[; ?1 .'. tAt =3
... A-l: matrix in (b).
49. tr-l-B .'.AB-1.
50. Order of A, i.e., o(A)-3x4 -'.o@\-_4x3
Let: o(B):mxn
..' ArB and BAr are both defined
=rL,; ;l L, ;l eLo eJ

.'. (4 " 3) (m n) and (m * n) (4 " 3)

x
Lf L}
... (A-t)3: (A-t)z.@-,)- +[; ;] [; 1)

.'. m:3 and n: 4

= 27t [lLo-zo1
;;) "'(a)
.'. o(B):mxn:3x4 .--(a)
57. Multiply the given matrix by the matrix in an option'
If
51. '.'A=l:;] .'. tAt =r their iroduct is the identity- matrix I,. then that option ts

the correct option. "'(g)

-,f 2 -11
.'.A'=l-^l 58. lAl: attAtt* anAt2: otlAtl
L-3 2) : (l) (3) + (2) (-2) + (3) (1)
...A.8=r z -,1tl [ :71 =l- 3 o]
_l rl :3-4+3:2.
L-; L-l 3l=[-s "'(b)
7

Morrices 287
59. lAl-0
A= lAl-a2-4
.'. o3tAlt + aj/32+ oltAlt 0
.:
.'. (l ) (3) + (2) An+ (3) (l) : 0
67.
l;'")
a
lA3 l:125 aa
IAP:125
2Alz- - 6 i. A32- -l
- 4)3 :
.'. :.
60. ;l + (adj. A\: O ... A-l : -
a
(:a2 125 oa
a

a2 -4: 5
(adj. A) ... & -9 .t. C[,: * 3 ... (c)
... lA-t l:-ladj. ll 6t. The first two options (a) and (b) are obviously false.
I
"' -lAl leP*t
l,,l " lAl3:-l .'. lAl:-l
.'. I o o -rl
61. o(A)-o(B):4x4 and A--B
rhen, tAt:
|
_i -; | :-r (-r): I * o S
.'. lAl:(-l)4 lB l:lBl:2 aa n-r exists

... B-l : : jtuor. B). o

aa (c) is also false.
.'. (d) has to be the correct option. ... (d)
#(adj.^B)
62. In option (a), y : -l and z: O Note : Although unnscessary, you can veriff that trZ is
.'.r-l+0:3 .'.r-4 actually equal to f .
69. ... slatem has no solution
But these values do not satisfy other equations.
In option (b), y: l and z: O .'. determinant of its coefficients is 0
.'.X+l+0:3 .'.I-2 o I ll
r : l, ! : l, z : O also satisff other two equations. I =0
.'. correct option is (b).
I ? ll
63. o (A): 3 x 3 and adj. A: O by ftr +Rz+Rr
.'. ladj.Al:0... llp-t-0 ... lAl:0 o+ 2 o+ 2 o+ 2l
.'. matrix A is singular. la I l=o
o (A):2 * 2 ll ol
tr2OW+tr2m8:^f
...A2Ctr,$.tr+trZOO$.1:I (a+ ,,lli il = o
,'. A2m/r Ql + D: I .'. (/42o08;l - A + I.
Ar denotes transpose of A and I Ar l: I A I
by c3 - Cz and cz- cr,
fo b c1 0
'.' A = lo c "l (o+ ,,11,,
L'ab) 0 ' l -rl = 0

.'. lAl:;3 + b3 + c3 -3abc .'. (cf, + 2) (cr - l)2 :0

:a3+b3+c3-3(l) .'. cf,:1or c[: l.
: d3 + bi + c3 -3 But if cr - l, then all the given equations become the
... ATA:I ... lAT.trl :l/l same and, hence, the sptem has infinitely many solutions.

.'. lArl'lAl:I .'. lAl'lAl:I ... Cf, : -2 ... (d)

.'. lAl2:l
... trz-A+I:o
.'. (o3 + b3 + c3 -3)2 : I ,'. A-r(A2 - A + I): A-t (o)
.'.a3+b3*c3-4 .,. (b) ... A-lA2 _ A-lA + A-lI - O
ffi. ... A2 :B .'.'AA - B :. (A-tOA-(e-t1)+ A-r - O
:. r@)-(O+ 6t - o
[l ?][l I=[l ?l ...A-I+tr-l-O
.'.A-l:I-A
'["{,f =[l I :5) AB =
1)l; l] = l:.
2b1
... (a)

.'. {o,2-l} and {cr,+l

71.
[l 4b)
2a1
.'. {cr:+ l} and {cr:4} BA=
... the two sets have no oommon values
:
[; 3][l 1)= l:, 4b)

.'. there is no real value.

.'. AB BA iff a: b, where a,,be N
... (d)
 M arvel M athemotics M H TLC ET
288
e' d # 0
...thereareinfinitelymanynaturalnumbersl 78.'.' lf(x,/) I - (cos2 x) d (sin2 x) -
+

... required values of a, b are infinitely many

I
I ." : {adj V @'Y)l}
... there are infinitely many matrices B "' (c) I V @,/)l-t ffil
73. Note that
=;V:ff; ;t':'lJ l]
;'l
I

Ht =[r' ol
L; I
[cos, -sinx Ol
Hz =[r :][; :] = andsoon
[* J,] I
= lsinx cos-r
L o o "-')
0l

"=[o
...H70=[r]'ol t- cos (-x) sin (-x) ol
= I - sin (-x) cos (-x) 0
I

'']' o- :
I

: (to3)2'
L o o "-n)
I

where : t/ (l) (ctl) (t),

(o7)lo - rolo : (0p)3 . CI: o)

roTo - : -f (-x, -Y) ... (b)

=H
ol
.'. H.o = [:
L0 roJ
.-- (a) 79. ... B is a skew-symmetric matrix of odd order'

: 0P and trg: ep .'- lBl-0

74. ... F Also: lAl :"':(2k+1)3
... FB - Pg: ei3 - qlr ... A, B are Square matrices of order 3 such that
:.F(P-0: C(Q*P) ladj Al+l adjBl:106
:.F(P-D:-C(P-Q) .'. l,lP-t +IB13-l:196
.'. Pg-o+Ce-y:o .'. (2k+ 1)6 + 02: 106
.'. (P+C)V-Q):o, where P*Q ... 2k+ 1 : l0
... p+ff-o
... lP+ff1:o "'(c) ... k=22 = 4.5
75. ...(A-21)(A-41 )-o ... (b)
.'. tk]-4
;.Az_4AI_ZIA+SP-O 6 12 -6 +0+ 6l
...A2_4A_2A+g/-O [r 2+o 6+
AB=lr 1+o 2+ 3 4 -2+0+ 2l
.-.A2-6A+8/-o 80.
Lz 2 +o
I
4+ 6 l0 -4+0+ sJ
... A-t(Az _ 6A + g/ O ):
;. (A-r l) ,l - 6 (A-r A) * 8 6-t ): A-r Q) [t o ol
= l0 I 0l
...A-61 +8A-l-o l-l
o
...A+8A-l-61 Lo lJ
.'. det (AB): I t(1) (l)l : l*0
... Lu>+ .-.(b) AB: I
.., B
63 !u-'l=l .'. AB
.'. A-l
is non-singular and
: B and B-l - A ..'(c)
76. - -A-l BA
81. Standard Result, answer is (a).
;. AB - A (-A*r nl): - (AA-') n'q: - (I) BA: -BA
.'. AB: -BA
...A8+BA-o
:.(A+B)2-(A+B)(A+B)
82.
A = lo,i]rr.: = 12
[rz
l
32,'
I
:A2+AB+BA+Bz
:A2+O+Bz ... ctr- (-1;1+t 2 2l-2
BZ : A2 + ... (a) 2 3l
77. Cr : UB + BA)r I o' : (,48 - BA)r
czr - (-l;2+t 2 2l-2
:(AB)r+(BA)r I :@2)'-(B4r 1 3l
:iur)@\+(A\@r) I : @\@\-04\(n') ctz - (-113+2 2 2l- 4

AB : ,:- AB ctt +Czt:2+2-4:C3z ... (c)

_r:+ II :-D "'
-L- :
.'. (CD)T: Drcr: (-D) (C) -DC "'(c)
 -l
Matrices 289
fo b1 lt 6 -rl
83. If
L' d) and lAl:ad-bc*0, LetB= lo z :l
-b1 [r 3 ol
I All- c
'.' IB: B
")
A: l- cos0 -sinOl [t o 0l lt 6
rL
[-sin0 -cos0] .'. lo I olr = l+ 2 jl
IA l- -coszg - sin20 - -1 * 0 [oo rl [r 3

I [- cos 0 sin 0l .'. by Rl eRz

rtt-t lq
(-D L sin 0 cos 0J [or 0l
Ir o ol, = lt
2
G

_ f cosO -sin0l = A [oo 1l [r 3 :l

[- sin e -.o, e-l .r. (a)
.'. by Rz €Rs
84. Standard Formula.
n0
lor 0l lq 2
ln
ta t- cos sin nOl
lo o rln =lr 3
...(l)
r0
lt6 il
E5.
[- sin cos
"O
) [r o o_l

A_tL=[_X: X3] [or ol

... A= l0 0 rl ... (d)
AB:BA:I Lr 0 oJ

.'.8=A'=_l lcos0 -sin0l

Isin 0 .o, eJ ... (c)

TEsr YouR GRASP - cHAPTER z I

l. lf A : fail2*2, where oi:2i + i, then : A: tf A is a non-singular matrix such that trz -A+I: O,
then : A-t -
(a)
[; :] .') [l ;] (a) 62
(c) A-I
(b) r-A
(d) A+I
lr sl
(c) (d)
[: ol
[s oJ [s +) Ans: @@@@
Ans: @@O@
s. rr A: [l l] and A-tr-|, then: x:
2. tr A+38: [-i i 3] and zA+38:l-l -l ;), (a) I (b) 2

then i A: (c) o (d) 4

h 3 rl [r Ans: @@O@
(a) -3 -rl
[r z -rJ tb) [r z -r] 6. lf AB - A and BA: B, then : Az -
h -3 rl
(c) -z (d)
[r -3 rl (a) A (b) B
[r -:] [r z- r_l (c) I (d) o
Ans: @@@@ Ans: @@@@
3. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that
det (A) : -2 and det (B) : 4, then ; det (2An1 : 7. lf A isa2xZmatrixsuchthat A(adjA):[r $] ,
(a) 64 (b) 16 then: lAl:
(c) - 16 (d) - 64 (a) 20 (b) 30
Ans: @@O@ (c) l0 (d) 40
Ans: @@@@
290 M aryel Mothematics III H T-C E T

8. lf A and B are square matrices of the same order such

that A2=A, Bz_Band (A+B\2- A*B,then: AB: 16. lf A [; ol
LO -'J
and
[o
B- [i -iloJ,wherei-GT,
(a) o (b) BA then : A2+82:
(c) I (d) -BA (o) o (b) I
(c) 2I (d) 3I
Ans: @@@@
Ans: @@@@
e. rf A: [i -i] and A2 : A +,a, then i B:
(a) 3I (b) 4I l;?1) and AA' : f , then : (x, !, z) =
(c) sI (d) 6I lzzl_
(r) (1,2,2) (b) (1, 2, -2)
Ans: @@@@ (c) (1, -2, 2) (d) (1, -2, -2)

21 Ans: @@@@
ro. rf A:[l f and A2+aA*bI:O,then i (a,b)=
l
(b) (4, l) rE. rf A: + - A,
(a) (4, -l) [-i ;] and (ar bA)z then
(c) (l,3) (d) c 4,2) I
ili (b) a: b: t
Ans: @@@@ (a) a: b: T
11. lf A : [r z1
i)'then : adj (adj A): *Ji
(c) o: b: *l (d) a*b
Li
(a) A (b) *A
(d) Ar
Ans: @@ @@
(c) 12 tz1
Ans: @@@@ lg. lf A :[3 l] and ,: I -i ;l ' then: A-tB-
l-3 tl
tz. rr A:
[l
z1
r_l 'then
: I
adj (adj A) l: (e)
[:l] (b)
[- s oJ
lr rl
(a) I (b) 2
(d)
(c) 3 (d) 4 [; 1]
(c)
[o - sJ

Ans: @@@@
Ans: @@@@
:[l ,: rl
;l ' then : Ft A-t :
13. lf A :[: 1l then : I adj (adj A) l:
20. lt A and
[?
[-r z1

(a) (o7)2
(oT4
(b) (lD3
(d) ( l z)s
(a)
Il ;)") (b)
[_ s
lr
rJ
z1
(c)
(c) (d)
Ans: @@@@ [-;;] [s -rJ
Ans: @@@@
x tan xl I-r ol 21. If square matrices A and B are such that A2 :
14. If [sec and A (adj A): oLo rJ, A,,

[tan x
A sec xJ 82 - B and A, B commute for multiplication, then
then : k- (a) (Aq2 - o (b) (AB7z: 1
(a) o (b) I (c) (Aqz: AB (d) (Aqz: -AB
(c) 2 (d) 3
Ans: @@@@
Ans: @@@@
15. lf adj (A)- A, then : lAl: 22. tr A: [? 3] and tr2-*:11 :] ,then : k:
(a) o (b) I (a) 0 (b) I
(c) 2 (d) -l (c) 2 (d) 3
Ans: @@@@ Ans: @@@@
Matrices 29r
23. If A: fai,ll*l is a scalar matrix such that o,, for all 27. lf
A - -BAB-| , then : (A + 812 -
i:j, their : lAl: (a) A+B (b) A2+Bz
(a) s (b) r0 (c) o (d) 2AB
(c) 2s (d) t2s Ans: @@@@
Ans: @@@@
ftol
28. If ro is a complex cube-root of unity and and
24. lf A I ne. N, matrix Lr.l
B': I rrl], then : AB -
(a) t 1l (b) Ito]
";1
(a)
tsx) (b)
[l (c) t-ll (d) tCIPl

"i7
fn na1 Ans: @@@@
(c)
[l (d)
[o ") 29. If det (adj A) : I A P then the order of matrix A is
Ans: @@@@ (a) 2x2 (b) 3x3
(c) 2x3 (d) 3x2
A: tr-l : kA, then : k:,
zs. tr
[l ;] and Ans: @@@@
(a) lo
I
(b) nI lr o ol
(c) l0 30. rf A:l o I A2:
(d) 20 lab _?l
Ans: @@@@ (a) o (b) r
(c) A (d) -A
26. lf f(x):l+ x+x2+x3 andr:[3 3] , then : "f (A): Ans: @@O@
(a)
[l ?] .,) [l ?]

(c) [: r]
rl (d)
[r ol For Answers : Refer to Page No, 892.
[o [o :]
Ans: @@O@