Jains cf Stswight tines h . Prove thot the homegenous equation of ond legate in wy ie ant Qhxyt hy?= 0 always Teepresent a pain of Stilaight Jines Simough the onigin- Given equation is ox4 Ohxyt by? = 0 Divi ding @ by bt Yt ah () + Y, =O ea fy) iy on m+ “jh m+-y — —i (ayy m= ¥ _ wo Let m™m and m, ane two moots of oquation dil . mat m= — SE Equation di) can be wnitten an — (Mmtin)m+ Mym,=0 Op, = MM, — Mm Mm, = 0 op, m (m= m)) - My (m=) = 6 op, (m-m) (m-m,) = 6 Me Iy and m= mM, or, = my Or. =m, op, y = Mx iy SYS MX uw Fauation di) & Ww always passes trough the onigin.. .Angee betwen the tro stnaght Jines att ahrytby*= 0 i: fi Let the straight Jings given by i) one Gi) & y=mx= 0 —— i Y- Mx= 0 Whee, metm,= — 3h . 4 ——# mm, = PP Let & be the angle between the straight Jines GW & iy fang= ™ . xy w Jone, = Mm , y= Or Ot on. fant = Fan (6464) = Tand- fonds 4 4+ Fang ;tand," -. : My—M4 Tt mam,tem _ Va 4:4 44% 2a o. tant = rae @h Condition of coincident C parallelism): 3f g=0 (.n) then the staaight Jines asit. coinciclent . and = and or, av ale atb or, ht-ab= 0 orn. ht= ab Te coincident straight Jines amie axthy= 0 & art hy=o Bu ey di) Condition °F porpencliculn : 98 §= 4 th en the straight fines ane Ly each ete ‘arp = fan op, 2K ab _ at saad. atb= 0 7 hy al or, a=-b Dubjing his in equation ¢ axl Shuy-ay'= 9° rt Bh ay ye gAn ye Disssio of the angles between the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 : (IN. U. H. 2008, 1998} Let the lines y— mx = 0 and y— mx =0 represented by . ax? + Zhey +by?=0 4... (1) have slopes my, and mz. and make angles 6, and 6, with OX. Let one of the, bisectors make an angle @ with OX. from’ the diagram we have : : =o42 1 1 1 TOF Hen gron +5 2-01) = 5 (0 + 2) on ney (8, + 6.) 3 peer or, % + (8, + 6,)In either case tan 20 = tan (0, +0,) = 22 Ont aN Oa + lp T—tan 6; tan @, "1 —mymy, a a . hy tm, =— 25° mym, =F Also if C (x, y) be any point on one of the bisectors, (see fig) tan @=y/x oo Pi ie From (3) by (4) and (5), we have 2Qxy 2h xy a—b : i.e. the required equation of the bisectors is . wy? , a—b -h " on 2tan atm = tan? 6 ~1— mm, ° , “ From Eq, (1), we have Z yf 4 p by — myx) (y — mx) = by? + Ahxy + ax? 7 (3) (4) (6) (6) Note. 1. In.(2), first value 0 is the angle made by the internal bisector OC with OX ani fae of @ is the angle made by the external bisector OD with OX. ternative Method : let the given equation ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 represent the line y— mx =O andy — mx =0, h a om, +m=—27, myn, = wee os a The equations of the’required bisectors are — mx = Mx Vaema “VG+m2) a a Squaring, we have (y= myx)? (1 + m2?) = (y — max? (1+ my’) ors (my? — mz?) (x2 — y2) = Qxy (ory — mg) — mma (0M — my) of, (pty + mz) (om, — mg) (22 — y2) = Qxy. (my — g)(1— my) + or, (ity + mz) (x2 y?) = Qxy (1 — my) : Q) (2)GENERAL EQUATION OF SECOND DEGREE Art. 4 ind the condition that the general ame of ie second degree ry? + 2gx + 2fy +c=0 om axt+ 2hxy (4) may represent a pair of straight lines. [ N. U. H. 1997, 2002, 2007, 2009 J If we transfer the origin to a point (a, B), the point of intersection of two straight lines and keep the direction of the axes unaltered, the eq. (1) reduces to a(x +c)? + 2h (x +0) (y + B) +b (y + B)? + 2g (x +.) + 2f (y + B) +c = 0 by Art. 32 (Rule) ona? + hy + by? +2 (a+ BB + g)x + 2(ha. aa fy +02 + ae + DB? + 2gor + 2fB 46 = =D oe The equation (2) may, represent a pair of straight lines, if it is reduced to a homogeneous equation in x and y. This is possible if the co- -effcients of x and y and the constant terms are saperately zero. i. €. * aa+hB+g=0 - oc ; ead (3) ha+bB +f=0 | a ws = (4) and ao? + 2hoB + bP? +2ga+2fB+c=0 ..: ve ae (5) The relation (5) may be written as : a (aa +hB +g) +B (ha+bB +f) +g0+fB+c=0 os a (6) By (3) and (4), the relation (6) becomes ga+/B+¢=0... 0... te (7) Now if we eliminate o and B from (3), (4) and (7), the required condition is de la hg . oe h b f |=0 : a ea ow (8) gs fe : 7 or, Asabe + 2fgh—aft—bg?—ch?=0 on a (9)Given that ants Lhay + bf ngat 2iyt C=O ——+ W £4" 1 sepesents a. pai OF strtaight lines - Lot the two stright lines intotsect af (Lp). Now shifting the onigit ak Gyfp coithout change of axes - Then 29" ) becomes alas) ohoee) (yt) + ICO oF yrPtC=6 caches dx lacey (aan or axl 2hayt y+ oxtad+hetg)t 24 Char bps. j) +ade+ 2hap + ptt 2ga+ pfprc=0 —+ ® ince 29" (2) nepnesents 0 pail of straight Lines cohuctt-pass2s Shoough the oxgin So thot 297(2) will bea homggenau.s 29" of 2nel degree of and y. 40 thal the cocffiaent of © and constant will be ZaT0- ~ adthprg=o —? hat bp+f=0—W ad 2hdsot bps 2pa 24fare=0 op dlaathprg)t (hdtbprt)+ gat Ftc =o a garfptc=o —rilliy Toy oO andgi]Fliminoding 5 tpom £1. Ui andl. Gib at g hb F aia ce ah g h b #£ gfe =0 op A= =O Hence gor co epresend a. pain af straight bine if ah g h b#¥ i Fe ae. Az abe+ 2igh-aF*-by-cl? =0 = =0Problems o a Find dhe angle between Lhe straight Sines Main: 46 (cy) (cos@ sinta sint6) = («dandy sind) Solution: Given equation is (o2ry*) Ceost@ sintact sin?) = (xfan6-ysind)” on, (s*6 sinta+ sin?é— Jar?) xt+2 (Sand sina) y+ (C036 sina + sie sind) y*= > oo Hore, a= (08% sinta + 5106 — sar’ he and sind be coste sind Sir — Sind. a= cose (sr tan'e+ sina) - tar = Koost6 - fan? b= cot (santa +sitd)- Sint. Whene K= farrgesin'd. = Keost6- sind Let ¢ be the angle between she stsuaight ines given by ti. , ONh-alo “ap po? = Now, Oth = 2kers'8~ ‘Crate + sink) .. = 2kasé-K = k (2aste-4) = ks2d . & }P-ab = (4and sina) (K costg- tno?) (Kets*4- sina) Fane sint’d — K?c0s48 + 2 5 K cost Sing dau = Kass (sitattartd) — Kastg M+. Keostd sina — ee §= Keak (4- cos6) = kK? cast sin? . ONREab = 2ke0s6 sind KAn26 Sang = _Ksin2 _ tanoe Kos26 crf = 28 Ans) ° : Debiew: Finel the onta of the fstiangie formed by the hints Ke Enample:41 Xt Qhryt by*= 9 and-Lx+my+n= 0 " Solution: Griven equations ane axc+ Dhyytbyt= 0 ———) x Axtmyt+ n= 0 Let tiv. straight Jines given by (f) ane 7 \y bh mx-yY = 0 —+-@) & my-y =0—— : Lg, a =- 2h \. Whee. mitm, = 5 f Lasaey | mm, = -& 250 “The point of indensection of (@) & 4 i 000. - @ Lot A Ctx) » BOY) core the paint of cirtensection. -7n . __ —nm 6 oe ane ' Army ds d+mm, woe _ on Le _ =“nm Similoslyy a= Tommy YF im 2. Area of ADAB = 5= (%%- %Y) wm amy + mm: ~ ~ eee Teo 4 We (mem) (tt mig) (tm) y firm) mime ulin gM ee E+. (m+) ¢ Mm? MAM, can Veto Ae. . am (2h) rma %) Lat gnreab__ afr oS. s fot 2him +m un ie . { -— Sern “pont, AK = Fag fs, bK an be solve Fram gv) WC haw. cquation: (4) Grill snc present a past Lo paists of “perpendicular straight dines. ag the pairs tail! caincide dfen h=K From @, ,, . -2b 2. 2h “a a (Showed ) 6 ee Sho Shed in Foun staaight Jines nepneserted by s9keTe—l2y'= 0 and (ain: 22 tones Frye ly? Fy- 4 = 0 waill be on dhe sides of a Squaste- Slution? riven equations aie. . 4ores Tay- My2= 0 gots Frye 12y-X4Fy-4°0 aFrom fi, Ae ance ene 2 oH) Ue) = 0H CO) OAS 4 Hey = 44{- Ao ate ot At = ant 447 20 Equation (2) sicpnusert a poi of stnmght Jints- frem (1) & @) Oe have ath= At I2=0- : 2. Equation A) ill nepresenE pain og stsiaight Jines passes Smough tix crigin oy L do cach cthest- Equadton @) Gill mepmesert a pair Cf stutaight Jines 1 speach ai, Also dhe pai, (ft) & @ ante pectallel $0 each athe: The foun stuaight lines given by Wand taill ether form a siectangle ot 4 squane: Lak Let Clad) be dhe point of indersection of equation @). Equation of OC (one of She diagonal) 4s y= Ex Vy he 12% . ony = — ees I % - CCH) (oe | too ab-h * “ab-he -Y%- ab-h on Y= Ay-6 wt at ony = (e* oe chy on Fu 6 omenF‘piss the equation of She edhe diagonal JS-AB has th tion! 2-0) has the equation (2)- 0) Hur Fy- 120 or, x-Fy 14° 1. 7 s Now. MM = 74 z-4 diagonals a" eenicala de cach 6: Te di The. Sous lines call fom be Soumed a SqUAe- nom, = sft Show thet phe “ 7 dhe foun stenight fins sugmeserded by eel bre 127-1529 and + 4xy- 2Y*= 0 ill foum a thombus- : . Main: 25 Cniven equations ase. ott Axy- 2yt= 0 — Bate dre 2 Gerla 1B 0 —2) Solution* —- From 2) Az aber 26gh~ aft log? ch? = RENEE 2 C6-3-2- 460- 2). i) 2 BW FO- Mt 18-4 60 = 108-108 = 0 Equation @) ail mepouesent a pon of stuaight Jines. from WK @), Ath= AtC)=-146. Hs Ti, pad) andl dab of 2) ame maf wah, angi. ha pam Wa : 2) ome ponrablel re stn at So each ofhot. The Sun staight Jines will Siam either an volts s esalllagtiam 9‘a hombus. Fre pant of indeasection Let CUd,P) be dhe point of intersection oF equation z. Equation of OC (one of dhe diagenal) 48 qb-at aa 2 2-2-1060) Y= he bg ™ ~ 2ca-(2)3 ony = Oh i me-2 Equation of. dhe other diagonal AB han She equation fer aie . s xe 42y- 15-0 mW : on, X- 2Y- HzO 2 m= 4 Now. M-Mp= -2 We-4 As the ciagonals ave L 4p gach ote. ft Sines taill be Some a mthimbus. (shoined) +, The foun sisiaig pp: te equation gx Shytby'+2qx4 Bye =0 srapesents a pain: . stoaight Lines equicistance Sram the omigin . Show. that pan: ey Sgt a e(o ag) GH) = S40). Solution: — Given equation 15 . axe dhy toys 2px 28+ C2 6 eee Ais athe equation ey coil sepmesent pain’ of stsiaight Jines. fo Az abe Be 2fqh-ad* bg cht =0 on, ¢(ab-h’) = af? 2fgh +bg? “dhLet the stuaight lines given boy ane, dct myt n= Oe @ Jaye maythy=0 > ey Wheste ald; yl lame 2h. mm, = b dungt am = %2G + yng ¢ MyM 28, Maly * © (riven ghod the distance oF 6(0.0) fram (2) atte (2) equal Ayo TH+ . de or m0t Mm Stim “arm =m Ut + mi) ame on, 7 Germ) = ™ (nugyt= (Pal? = (rans (mun (mua Mahe or. on, (Meat nds) Cnedao fede) = = 2 (min:- mn) ) (min mm") oq (nda mh) on a, (te Ma = fun a“ ne }loetm) — 4nindde faa * Yeomnt mani) ammmrrep mgt (ate tea) =F 4 aed) on gt aca = yA Fhe. eStats else ag) es ishewed) on (Ft gt) (ab-F) = efab-ht) (let ag') on, (Feat) (ab) = ast aight og (of ag") * " ofan hist high abit — 265 shot Wight = cbSigte Dati h “ae gs alg rall'gt = we f4— hf? bfy +eer. he- alg = Chit big) on, hg?-alg = hft-bas tr h(geSt)= fab) ~~ pishawed) ° O vem: Show that the equin Se (ab-h) (axis Dhxy + by’s 29x Gps) + afte halo, Rk srepseser ES a pail of stnaight Lines , and fuse stnaight Fines fap a then Main:60 ith fhe fines andy 2hxy+ by’ 0 povided thab (ab) Sgr ne gi=o Solution: (riven equations anc : % (ab-h (a's ahuyt by" 2gnt 26y) + a4 bg? 2fgh = op, act 2hxyt byt 2gnt 26yt ce —— 4 . afte ba 2fgh thes, C= 2 OF by an ee ab=h* arts Qhxyt by? = 0 — —@) 9g equation a) will srapmesent a pelt Of Stawight fines Shun Ae abet 2fgh-afi-bg- cht = e(ab-ht)-+ 2fgh- af*- bg’ ass bg 2gh + 2fgh -af*-bg* =0 Equation i sil sepmresent og paist of straight fines. As ft pai €)& @) am pecralal f0,cac h other 0° they ouill foum ciffet & 3 penrallelagram on a sthombus. Ld C(dip) be fhe. point of indensecton of equation 2 4). ade ne pf Po wo Pe head ab-Re Faualion P 0c Cone of she aliggenal ) isyee hat yedeg*s clot paar 3 ba wT geal Lm > Raha . ' Fa yation of She “linger AB hoo the equation say wap age asyt ce or osy on grt or, Y= Ax a ——4) Lome 7 % As Foun Sines taill farm & suhombus + mim = -1 . ghead. =~ ar. Eby 4 : on. gh- - afg* nse bal ' ot we hie (a-0) 54° 6 4 (wed) : sees from the ‘paint (HY) on the Sines lems Prow that a ofthe pet poet 2hayit BY by* Pra ‘arts 2hey fy" 20°F Tea Soutton: riven & jon J . ss quation J9 2 : ‘ ve anes Qhny+ bys oe ' et) ‘ (4) ante, : Let the staught Sines gina by ma-Y20 ——) mx-¥:0 ——4 Whest. mtm,= ogh \ C2 mmm,= 2 J The distance ef (XV) from the stsaight Tins @) & B ae pe He pe Nmap oynitt “Yh (mary) (m-¥, -¥) Jina) (+4) 4 Now, BP, mum, xr Cimetm) yt YP Ay bay frm Moxie 2h nyt Y? fea’ Ae esp" ani+ 2hxy thy ahh a= Daler P+ 2hxyyi toy” SRR ao (proved) : ares (ab) : sbrp 9 : (Pestle: OF ene og the stsuaight Jine gin by the equation axt+Ohny+by*=0 coincides J coith one of thase given by ayxtt hxy+ by*=0 and the offs lines nepanss " by them be’ putpendiculan, prove that hore hab _ ae een a ib) ir 5 \ - anil: Sclufion! — Grivan equadisns ase:a+ Shey + by?= 0 - an Be anet BWhiryt bry? = 0 -—— e aiven by he t st Sines Given that one fine gen by) & © is coincldent ane the othe fo cach ofhast- wg ane + = The ststaight dines given by a) & (2) cote. macys 0 — BY Be MprY= 0 ———— 1 , mxey20 — = AB) % MYO © 2h A ahem, AM, = -p, — a mM = —— th 1.7 Ay Gi MW m7 7 by 7 i) e-em _ 4) 7m, Tb U From aid & WW, ye fide a, Facts co Mm =, nae F & me &. 4 = & bhi 2 Obie. 2 Naber Bom ~ b Eaabbr > Egabin, are : - —Faablr 6 t= TS ab putting my, ™, ino bb; aul Gr, \-aaiob, ()h,- Ya) => Qh os cae \aaibh 22h bon, \-aa,bh: oe = 2h ~ ; hab: = - or, aan = \Faabb: g— Fron Faas ah 2h ‘I i 2 2h “ber” * Eaaibhn bi aan _ \Eanibe 2 2h "Bb ~abr by Lye oh, 6r, \Faaiber (+ be al) or, fda bby (SP) =- 2h o, «eb \Faabh ——— -@ ba Z From @)& O, b = heal - a at Faabb, prond) ° a bic ae on Smee sara a jon of skmaignt Main: 48 e paint given by equation axtt 2hxytby? = 0 ot : Solution: Given equation 45 axe 2hyyt bys 0 ——— Let the ststaight Sines given by @) ame, smpiey2 0 ———O) &MX-Yrb —— Where, mtin, =~ 22 e ° — A wefEquations of staaight fines fhawugh the octigin ancl + fo cy x (4 i ase. = Rocy =o a @ - hays es «The combined equasion Js bapry) (mr) = on, ct miy) (xt MY) = } on Xt (1mm) xyt mimy?= 0 oy - BYE tro on, bate 2hnyt ap =o pr fohowed) Jx- (bt pyr 474 sepnesents a p? nades of thin paint 6: 4 ° r } . oblem: — Prove that (axtby) (det py) + Kay - (ard of atmaight fines “if-K=: (a-d) o-B) » Faire She o-ordi Main: 60 ~ ; " Intersection. Solution: —— yiven equation is . @xtby) (axt py)t Ky (aran(b4pyt4=0 —— -) k= (a4) (oP) onk = abtap— (apt ba) 3 a kbaprbd = e+ app ——4 Fram ee (ad bata PAK) Yt bpyt (anda (bt Py +4 az op. adie + abrdp) xy+ bpy- (arya orply+4=0 on, (ax+ py) (ar by) — (xt PY) _" (axtby) + 4°4 on, (axe py) (antby-4) ~ (dar by-4)=4 bog on, (dxtby-4) (axe py-4) = 02 dutby-4=0 -——~— 2) & ars py~1=4 ——-() ~ Equation (4) cil siepsesent the Ast degree sbstaight Jints (2) & (1 Let Gtoy) be ‘the point of jndunsection of (2) & 0) . AG thy -1=0 ant py -=6 mw 2 we LA P-b dea ap-ab p-b do An. = “apeab oY = Ap- ab fe . Pollen Prove that two of the stnaight lines mepsisented by fhe eouation Nag Wet bay TOY tdyA=o tll x at sight anghs if @4act bdt d?=0 gin? 36 Solution: | (riven equation is act bry aye dys 9 — “ fis tuo straight Jines given by aquation ch) gill be at ight ons 50 the pain a: stnaight Jine can be comitten an 2+ Anny -Y? = 0 2) fateo= a x Ea @) can be anitten ar (rahe Y*) (axtdy) = 0 8, Compasting the co-ef ficients Fpom (1& oH, =, Dha~d +24) c= -2hd-a —-—~iii * Fluminodting h trom W& fd,ju = he bad aro on, t+ a?= -bd-d* on, Cr act bdtd*=0 (proved) ° - ; : . eiem BF ome of he fines guts Shyt by*=0 be coincident caith one oF the fine PRY give Shoot biy"= 0+ prove that - yp (abr abo) = 4 (ahah) (bhi- bh) solution: Griven equations ane, axes 2haytby*= 0 —— ow and auX't ohinytayt=0 ——- Let y= be the dine given by equations ) & @- Putting this dp equation th & @ «pms 2hm +B = 0 — pnt +2himt a “0 Hea = From ih & by a cee : tiie ' Siac one obra. Ahn ahh 2 thar hia) fab-aib™ = athe hb) . iP, ms Or ME Talo ae labeaiy = 4 4 (ahah) (bh) (poe) joa 3 one of the lines cote mye byt= “0 be pepellen Eo one of the sins ats 2hiny+ biyt= 0 » prove that . : (ate bis+ 4 (ah + BH (ale LAH) =0 ostlution: (niven equations ast. A) ants 2hyyt by?= 0 - and dive Qhinyt biy* =o — a Let one Jine qin by equation () be yam su that its perpendicular bnaje, line Y=- ty bea stutaight Jine. qnen by equation @. : Putting Ahese in equation Mea at (lon + 2hm + 4) =0 4 2hm+ a= 0 — a or, br? a < ( - 2hb + af) =0 on an okm+b’=0 ———@ From 2) & A> amt m 4 phar web (hie 2nd) tn me (wreak) 2 _ 4 aot bis aay bb =o (pr+ath) op, (aa wey = 7-4 (afht bY’) (aire) (ht bh) (ah’t BP) = (psuved) (an-b0y + 4 ; yjetor Prove that two of the fines srepmesentedl by ‘the agian axis tid day's ey te 0 oil be, ol sight anges if al | z (otd) (ade be) + (a-e)*.(arere) = 0 4 jution: (mien equation 15 axt+ brey-+ otyh+ abyt+ey'=0 at = ahAs tue of the lines sepresented by equation _fasin dh quater: 1 aoe at stight angles » >0 thal the poip can t+ Ohxy-Y*= 0 : 3. Equation can also be uniter ao (ate 2imy-¥") (ar'r 2K a= ———-@ Compasning fhe o-cfficients , b= 2 (ahtk) — th: coe - (aot 4k ——é ee 2 (oP) aaa _ ti im di ii = ohlae) «@ 12K b-2ah fram dy & Ui, hed “stb ‘ on 2he bid pe = b- “ae “om Ce adtbd - - : eed % pubing ghee in by . ; bt). = (as+be) Ge = (are)t “ed oa rd) (adtbr) (oe A) (ad be) et gp larer= 0 (paowe) ° x QF th origin is goincel by fhe two ee a iinet “of the line’ ermy fee and Bad 24 Shey thesié twill: be Jao straight tines - show had they ¢ by concider if othe bin = 1 aR Satutiont —~ Griven equations ante, . a x + Ye =4 _— wy "a b 1 . a “eh & — 0 on AEM— We have equations af a point of stuuaight ines qoining the OAM to thy py: of jntemsection Of the custve 1) & the Jine (2) fs a homagenous 2nd clegrise eqJuati In %A> Making equation (1 homogenous ne legate coith She help of @. a ey (boyy ot er ) ‘ 2 mB dead (Edyta a Equation ©) arte the pairt of Lines Shoough, ho onigin- of this pain be coincident ther we'haye from ab-h'=0 pe 4\fm A tmp (Ee e)R oe Ve Gre) br pm, 4 _ tm or a aie + Bat) * ae =o cr Umial 21. . . ~aen* ae : 3 ats Bnet = (pasved) ° Loe jem: Show thot fincs Jolning the origin to the point of intensection of Ya: eas and Yemxrc will be coincident if c= ah . Main! 40 Solution: (ivan equations ame = y= 4ax=0 - a : & Y=mMxte , R : ow or, YM. 4 ———-@ c We haw. equation of co pain of straight Jines going the esuigin Jo 4 f Indensection of the cute ) & the straight line @) fs a homogenous 2degace in %q- Aa Ks ui Making equatfen 4) homogenous Ond degiee coith She help of %. ie 7 y-mX Y-4ax (oP )= D on. cy’ dary 4amx* = 0 op. 4amar- 40rd * ete ill srapsusent a paint OF ——-8) stuaight Lines though the omigin - Equation (2 w ag the staight Lines in (2) ame coincident dun Aame- (-2ay'=0 an, Aame~ Aah =0 on. hares 0 : pare) (Prone) : $hat’ fhe “equation I ad the “eqt axt+ Qhuyt by! + aut ohyece 0 Trepresents bwo parted: Ypsble Shaw ek: Jines if ath= hib= gis : = Also shu Shat’ the elistance. .b faa ok te adh . stance. Loetucen them is 2S : 4 ~ alate) Solution: — (ivan equation Is ante Shay byt 2gat hy rc =0 ———tn 9f equation (A) cul supresent a pals of panalel straight Jims” jhen As abet ofgh-ad*-bg’-ch?=0 and. ab-He ; or, ¢(ab-h)t ofgh-as* bg’=0 on, C0-+ 24g Vib = af? bgt=0 on, (Naf)'- 2NaS- voqr (lear m (\if—veg) <0or, NaS - bg =0 h oft put ab=h* gies af sothat A. bed je athe hob> at (pstoved) arta stmaight fines given by equation A) one, Lek athe steaigh Pp Ayr yt = Oo Axe my b= 0 — —" mteb, 4(orn, y= 2a) m(nen= 2Fr Mee whim, thea » heim, the postal sinaight Hes 208) is given by The distance between nem [fren Any d= “ape Tent © "ate (Gay 4e Na fare = NG 2 ale a-% 2 Vararw (proved) Prove that the straight ines goining the onigin tv the points : intense i w Prplplem: the straight dine Kit hy = 2hk ith the cwtve Gchy'e (HK) = C are ad might angles iF b's &Solution: (riven equations one, Ke xy= 2hK grige7 tw & (ht (KPa e on, x +y>= Qhn- 2Ky + hen =0 — 2) Gating eq" 4 ©) homegenous with help Pog (e+7) ae “se + San) + (eRe) hea)? we HEREC _ KEKE Ln ne (- 3 mane PFE ee v8 Rake kak’), on, ee et Bo Bh |) xt ae ~b—* nol lagen 24" ; Eq? @) js de homogenous 2 Eq! &) will mapsisent apes of- PA Jao if ReR-C 3 RARE cy ae ar online “olf a) \+e on pre € pons bins » Re eee thither ened | ope pt oret t= Ce) = 8 or (Hi? C (RAR) - or, (ne RY) CAC) =O , Kars ” “(pptowed) 4 oee © Palle: Food Wx bisectors of tha aaples . Final the bisec The stnajght Jin. y= mx Laisects the an angle befoueer The fines mepmesented by — axe Qhay-t by?= 0 sf h (4-mt)+m @-b)=6 solution: — Griven eqs Oot an Bhxytby?=0 4) leh fhe & Y=mx 12 she bisector of the angle betwen the statajght Linas given by (4 [ceva ee es) ab h Ey @) sadistics © me py a= _ mx’ - at arb a fom. ip eae orc tem) = = m@cb) hem) + Mab 0- Goes\ Abet-nies Joining the origin to the intersection of a curve and a line. Let the second degree equation representing the curve be ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fy+c=0 : q@) and the first degree equation representing the line be - : lee my=n... ... or aw 1 (2) Let the straight line meet the curvé (1) at P and Q, We. are to find the equation of the pairf lines OP and OQ. Now making (1) homogeneous with the help of (3) we get ax? + hry + by? + 2gx + fy) fee my exes} =0 Which, on simplification, reduces to an equation of the form 3 Ad + 2Hexy + By? = (4) This is a ——— equation of 2nd degree. It represents a pair of straight lines through the origin. Moreover the co-ordinates of P and Q satisfy (4), because the co-ordinates o! P and Q satisfy (1) and (3), Therefore, (4) must represent OP and OQ and is our required equation.x, 3: Tf the pair of sttaight lines x?— 2axy — y? = 0.and x? —2bxy — y? = 0 be such that each pair bisects the angle between the other pair, prove that ab = —1, [D. U. 1953, 57, 61, R. U. 1964, 79} Equation to the bisector of first pair is 2 2 - os or, 7 —y 2H ao act : we By the given condition second pair x2—y? = 2bxy (2) bisects the angle between the first pair. Hence comparing we havi or, ab = —1 Proved.- : , « Ex,8. Prove the equation y° — x? + 3xy (y — x) = 0. represents three straight lines equally inclin¥d to one another. [C. U. (Hons) 1987] Changing the equation y*— 2° + 3xy (y—x) = 0 =r cos ®, y=rsin 6, we have 73 sin? 0—1° cos? @ + 37? sin 9. cos 8 (sin in polar co-ordinates ; @ —cos 6) =0 . or, sin? @—cos* @ +3 sin 0 cos 6 (sin @ —cos 8) =0 or, (sin © — cos 8) {sin26 + cos%® + 4 sin 0 ¢os 6} = 0 or, (tan @— 1) (tan?@ +4 tan@+1)=0 Either (tan @ —1=0i.e.0 =45°say@j=45° 000 ap me) Again tan’6 + 4 tan® +1=0 ‘ or, tan @ = (4+ V (16 — 4)}/2=-2413 Let tan 0, = —2 + (V3) = tan 165° <= 165° . tan 6. — 13 = tan 75° = tan (~75*) = tan Q (360° — 75°) = tan 285° ++ 0 = 285° : Now @, — 6; = 165° 0; — 6) = 285° — 165° ©; — 8, = 285° — 45° = 360° — 75° — 45°. = —120° - Hence the straight lines are inclined to each ; other at an angle of 120°, here RO is produced toOR.. 7) gyEx. 12. The circle x? + y* = a? cuts off an intercept on the straight line Ix + my = 1, which subtends an angle of 45° at the origin, show that 4 [a? (22 + m2) —1] = [a(22 + m2) —2]? The equation of the straight lines joining the origing to the points of intersection of Bepew vee oo te and [x + my =1 . a oe (1) (2) is x2 +? = a? (Ix + my)? or x2 (1—a2l?) + y? (1— am?) — 20%mxy = 0 Let the angle between them be $ = 45° (given) 2N{Pm2a ap 2)) tan § =O aR a) by Art. 41 or, (1a?!) + (1 — 92m?) = 2 ViPm2at — (1 — a?I?) (1 — a?m?)} or, (2— a2? — atmm?)? = 4 (@22 + am? — 1) or, 4{a2?? + m2)—1) = [a2 (2 + m?)—2]? Proved. 13. Prove that the equation m(x3-3xy2) + y? -3x2y = 0 represent three straight lines equally inclined to one another. (N.U.H 1999} Solution : Given that ; m(x3-3xy?2) + y3-xdy = 0 7 7 we ; Since the equation (1) is a homogeneous i is of degree 3, So it represents. straight lines a through origin. Let y = x tan0 represented the equation (1) whene @ is the slope of the line represented by (1) *. (1) = m3 3x.x? ten76) + x4tan? @ - 3x2.xtan0,= 0 = nv} ~ 3x5mtan?9 + x2tan30 - 3x%tand = 0 =m ~3m tart + tan39~3tand= 014. Jet m = tana, n=0,1,2 Let A Aj B By and CC} makes an angles 81, 62 and 63 with x — axis, _ 91> = co ve n=0 Os wars gna 1 63 = Angle es the lines AAq and BBy is @2-01 =5 Angle between lines BBy and CC; is 03-0 ='+$—-3 Angle between lines CC) and AAj is w~ (03 01) ro Ser =n7 1. +01 : . ye = nH 3°3 =n/3 ; So, three lines equally inclined to one another. Prove that two of the lines represented by equation ax4 + bx?y + ex2y + dxy? + ay = 0 will bisect angle between the other tow if + 6a = 0, b + d= 0 [N.UH . 2000,02,09] Solution : Given that ax! + bxdy + cxy? + dxy3 +ay4 = 0.. q@) Since equation (1) is a homogencos equation of. degree 4. So, it represent 4 straight lines through origin. : Let Ax? + 2Hxy + By? =0 ae ae Ae - be the two of the linés represented by (1). FAA . According to the problem, other two lines represented by (1) is the bisectors of the lines represented by (2) Equation of the bisectors of the two lines represented by’ (2) xeay? xy . B ‘ A-B H => Hx?-Hy?-Axy+Bxy=0 oD - 3) ax! + bxy + ex2y2 + dy? + ay! = (Ax? + 2Hxy + a (Hx? ~ Hy? -Axy + Bxy) = ax! + bxby + ox2y? 4xy4 = AHx# -AHx2y? - Addy + ABx3y : eta + 2EPxty — 2HPxy3 — 2AHx2y2 + 2BED2y? + BHx2y? — By + y#~ BAxy? + Bxy?Equating similar Co-efficient from both sides a= AH, a=- BH, b =-A? + AB + 2H2, ¢=-AH- 2AH + 2BH + BH, d= “abi AH=BH .. A=~B c+ 6a =~-3AH + 3BH =~+3AH + 3BH + 6AH =-3AH-3AH + 6AH=0 =0 b+d= A? + AB + 2H2- 2H - AB + B2 =—A2 + B2 =-A?+A?2 {.. B= A] \=0 Proved. AB + B2EXERCISE V (ore forea wee SAP RCT eT | Find the lines represented by (fAta THAT Wat epee aercrttectt ffx ea 1) 1. x2c0s 20— Ary cos 0 + 2+ x? = 0. sss Ans.y = xcos®, y=xcos® 2.32 —l6xy +5y? =0 . Ans.x— Sy =0;3x— y =0 3. P — xy? — 14x2y + 243 = 0 7 ". Ansys—4x, y= 2x, y= 3x Prove that the following equations represent sGoseatptines find also their point of intersection and the angles between them. o Pais y of Sto pres 4. 3y?— Bry — 3x2 — ox + 3y—18 =0 Ans. (6/2, -5/2)): 90° 5.29 —ay~x2+y +2x—-1=0 Ans. (1, 0), tan3 [R. U. 1960] . —l1 10 6.2 — Sry — Gy? + 14x + 5y +4 =0 i oe Gs 3°) 7. Dy $ Bry — By — 6x+2=0 Ans. (— 1,2, tan? 3) [p.U. 1952] ‘ind th ih ht i e value for beo that the following equations may represent pairs of straig! 8.2at + dry + y?—4r—~2y 3.20 Ans. 4 [D. U. 1960] } 238 — ¥? + xy — 2x — Sy +h ; Ans.—4 0. 6x2 + ay + ky? — 11x + 43y — ~35=0 ‘Ans, +12 , 9 UL x2 — ay + 2y? + 3x—~5y 42=0 » Ans.3,5 2. kxy ~ 8x + 9y— 12 = 0 : ; . Ans.613. 6x? + Qkxy + 12y? + 22x 4 3ly + 20=0 SQUDI Aas 2 [D. U. 1962]. 14. 622 — 7xy + 16x — 3y?—2y +k =0 Ans. 8 [D.U. (Hons) 1962] 12x? — 10xy + 2y? + 11x—5y+2=0 30> Ans. 4=2[D. U, 1962] 16. Find the angle between the straight lines. 22 + y*) (cos? 8 sin? a + sin? @) = (x tan @— y sin Ans. 20 [R.U. 1961] Edie that 2x? — 7xy + 3y? + x + 7y — 6 = 0 equation representing.two straight lines whoseifcluded angle is 45° (18 Ql 2x? — 7xy + 3y? +x + 7y — 6 = 0 WE AeA Sar ea eae GOA TUES HY AS?) ~Tf the two straight line represented by x? (tan? + cos? $) — 2xy tan 6 + y? sin =0 make angles o and B with the axis of x, then show that tan a — tan B = 2. (2? (tan? 9 + cos? 6) — Day tan 6 + y? sind = 0 4a YS AAA x GAIA ACA coe B GH FAA CHANG CH, tan a— tan B= 2.) : [ U.N. H. 2003, 2008 J drow that the straight lines represented by 6x? — 5xy —6y? + 14x + 5y +4 = 0 are perpendicular to each other. (G8 @, 6x? — Sxy —6y? + 14x + Sy +4 = 0 aa WB FaeCae TAMA ‘Bog FR 1) . . the origin is joined by the two points ofintersection of the line [x + my +n =0 and at ¥ = 1 there will be two straight lines show that they will be coincident. (ea Gi, Ix+my+n =ouns if = 1 Taras car Regeace a RS AAT Sa A aETTAAT YP Berry Wa iat HAMSS As VA a2! + bm? = n2) [R. U. 1980] 20. The straight liné y = mx ‘bisects the angle between two straight lines represented by ax? — hey + by? = Oif h (1—m?) + m (a—b) = 0. (FANG A, y = mx AAALAR ax? — hry + by? =0 wat FRAT HOSS coerce’ FRafSo Face AHH h (1 — m2) + m (a—b) = 0) [D.U. 1977] 71.) Show that the tw6 straight lines represented by ax? + 2Axy — ay? = 0 will be perpendicular to each other. ( C18N@ i, ax? + 2hxy — ay? = 0 stretcaa Ba A yt EAT ert FA) a . 22. Show that the four straight lines represented by 12x? + 7xy— 12y? = 0 and 12x? + 7xy — 12y? — x + 7y — 1 =.0 will be on the sides of a square. (8 @, 12x? + 7xy — 12y? = 0. GR 12x + Tay — 12y?— x + 7y —1= 0. OR aT PATS Dra Hea ORE aofowCaA ate Bera era) 23. Show that the four straight lines represented by 4xy (x? — y2) — tan at (x? + 2xy— ¥*) (x2 — 2xy — 2) = 0 will make equal angles with each other. (ANN Gi, 4xy (x? — y*)— tan o (2 + ry — y2) (2 — 2xy —y2) = 0 A WAT THAT OAT ATCA MH IATA ALL ATA HTT ATCT » 24. Show that the four straight lines represented by y?~ 4y +3 =0 and x? + 4xy + 4y? — 5x — Wy +4=0 (HAG A, yY?— 4y4+3=0 GAR x? + dxy + 4y? ~ Sx — 10y +.4 = 0 will forma " parallelogram, ema wim stein Brae ramen erate mrsrafite Bert ACA |) 25. Show the four straight lines represented by x? + 4xy —~ 2y+ 6x— 12y z 15=Oand ae 4xy—2y?=0 will form a rhombus through the origin, (Cathe (&, 22 + Ary ~ 2y? + 6x — Ty 20 AAR x2 + Axy — 2y? = 0 Cr WT STRIPS DIATE Hace ae HAT eter ACS |)