Z- TRANSFORM! | 25 Ae IES IW enginesing, mo Baste types of stqnabs eve abPrenie- |. Conbinucus tlime signals gan a. Dilectets Alime signals 1) J) Atak cove prepaeserrt ed! martPemartically as netion: of Tne om morte incependant vacialQes. conMinustc time signal! depiriel goo!’ mAfinuous Values of Independant vaalalle mare, (Tne) be, BC). ce : On he vidren rand Azesvede Aime wignals ~ Aefined only ab Aiscouts et of values, ntinuous time signals: 9. | 2 transtooun play an imposrkant sole. INITION > : AG on) ea vsequenee ABiired Lon nal, 8,3. on Ale 2 Aaanshooum of Ahat wseqtumee fe equal te o wa iM Ah ie a function, ee 4d) ti defined as Le Values ak T, ats (‘Ss Aken z transform of Z($(t)) - £ £(n-w) 2” ener aeBasic Functions of T #aandfosims - Baste Functions of 1 seadmdfosn |. Powe that zth= = , fz|st Bokn: bi Sse Bay Ahe Aebinition, |. , » Zfretn]asi enon nzo Heme (21) afi] F yy ce neo ity iyo tapveg >a in aL ce ae oo =I Pl eee nid ayo By inpuaial, Ahwooutm, FIGS » so. Crys Voce a By v4. as (ie! | och C19? 2* Hasegigsdy Bey dy 5 (nod = I as+ 302 god). viciiifB. Matz atJ= =. leila i ‘ $08n 3 zArnansforrns, o 7 : Z[4ev]= = 6)= ‘sat E np 2 fot i a)? i ela] 29 = Flay te B+ BI (SY BI eo = (HES Cte #0 Bon: “te £9 oe — =] Z[-S eva Zee” ioe AR ayes oon t 22 = s(— noo = en ep oe Zzjo potove ADrar ane Ze J2bl Bom: Z(w(n)) = = x(n” zie) = ye oi Hence powwved . fe prove wake z(y)= €99(), Iel>l- nso” Chokn: z[BlryJ= Bet) 2%1 L ol 4. 2... ctf as ij Vswng fosvmule, en x8 e [ie My ewer [4 Be ee, z[n)=-fogli-d) = --beg( Zl) eInj= al) Hence pouved , perove thot 2p n+l Bons ° OS) Bo 2 [oem J= Eade fiusn oH it 1.5 12 eS! sOgh|= Sane” <= ! = i+ Sey ey az “322 * 428 5am ° 1 — Consider aS? a 3 = l+ eB ra = ~ tog [I~ 2) xb she a5) — tog (1-3) = Beg (Ee4 Find =f at] l Bolns z[xtn)] ve x(n)z” 2b a : 4 Aceh w= 6. Fad 1 =o BoA. oe L ( ol gern Gn) |= = or 4oe = Zo! 2 = he tls) a lee) HE) Ly and divide by rs = xf @ +h Ge ar, dl ty OPERTIES OF Z- TRANSFORM Poe Hat '2 Be Aebaoimn le Dbnscn son : , Ta i enough to powve| Mak : a Zl ax(m+ by(n)]=5 [axtry+byin)] 2” a of = aZx(274 bs ylnz” veo ie = az[eln)]+ bz[ytn)] E.z- Apiansgonm soskiefies die Hi peootls, properly | OBLEM = Using Mineaoisy, poop erty and, pantial graction, Bind #he z- proces caerConsider, LGA NOL y B n(n)” n(n) t= Alny)+Bn —_— ae, n (nti) nine) Pak ne iy jo Bs [Be Putneo, sq [Act 1 “oa se te tt - 4 h(n+i) nT al 1 mind 1 Ln ao \ ‘TH “FET ale Le Aineanit pou = hog (=) - log ( PNS = hog(-2.) Df a &. Cabeusale z 2 [>a] t 7 Body: Using Aineaoi ky Propent, ZI nse] z[n4 az] ees za ley 4] co [=] = &YJANGIE OF 6CALE OF PROPERTY OF % TRANSFORM xh xin] a(z), Aen 2pe(an)]= x(2) onside , aoe. 2[a"etn)] = 2 ay (eT) 2" hc : = glen) [-)” =, 0 (2)" - F(Z) Find 2[ “ - ain pels) -[ k's 2[ 4} z[axe | = (elm) 2 ele 1" 2 Z oS a 2 [ny = me =, Zn) cs tty de yb Sy 1 Zz aZe ~ Ey aqzae nN i, Br ee W Pl G13)a. Find she z[ 2°] AS]= 2[eet] - StI], ° #09 Z)aoe = $leg 2) A: = 40g La Za, lee & nd abe af alt] Goin : 2( £4) = z 4(nT)2" *[#4]- (2[4) z zz Pa == n=0OLTIPLICATION: prove Advah Z[ngle]= = aro Goin: z[guy]- 2 Alone" ERR v0.01-2p Zy roale [a9] |-\4 az gle” aro 409 2e°) Ae il A l)= 3 z g(a) A rere eee Zz z & F(z)= =, glrn) ee" ao: ze elz)= (-) zee" = -2[n gtd] Ke tes ( [uss FIRST SHIFTING peopeRT: ie 34 2[6(4)]= F() Heten 2(2**Bt)) = % F (2e*#) PROOF: 7 e 2[gtaJ= Z,e(nr)2" ae z[e**gi4)] = Zot aes" if $ let) 5 (mz? 1 Reo = 2 (BbPROBLEMS * ) Find te 2[r®] aot: Z[nj- 7a rf] 7 Z[WJ> z[nn] > Blan Z[ng(b)] = Bd Elz] : / : (2Hy-zxaf24) | HY (27 : “ $e) = (2-1) (a2"58z) | 1 : (2ph94 st = Aat+iia® oy i Se (2-94 = =Z% i a Een (2-94 2[ngc4)] = ~2( 4 (-y4; Pe 7 rit (2-4 = 2lzyy (2ayys 2[n$tey) = (2-p3Find z[n(n-] z[n(n-)]= 2[n-n] = z[°]-2[r] = Zee) 2s (2-1? (z4)* = 2(24)- 2t2z-1) (2-1)? P42 iz suas fs DBs ae. , B-S (z-? Find zprraméhaninn of Bequerice vodere x(n)=f 2,249 Oh poe j yee ms ye(a=3, H(3)=4, x(4)=0, x (5) = 6) 2[b) SoS 2 e Z[m(n)] aie el 2 = wel) 2% wl) 24 ela e+ (BZ adayarry ac[o) 2° + xleyz SFOS By, Aphye e Zz Zs ze zs zw ee 4A 3 thaze sd taz+bz+3 LisRa a SS ee | ze4. Cabeutake z [costo] AN ae oat aln: ‘o fet hab az oPLemes Tene n a’-losse+istne) : Applying De-movenes A? oe) ae ces not 1s4nne- ZYa= z[ecsno+ isimne | z[at]= z[eesne)+ zene] —t) consider z[ casne+ isin ne] = = tJ) za (7 zla]- ZeMae 2 58 ore, ie Zoey} Z-(ceset ising) eZ _ (zcwe)+ i (2-tcose)-Teine 2)- Tsing (2-cose) ces) ee ez (2- cess) + testhhe . 4 &y tn eq li), ~cese) | » eine ee eee ae i i - = i = i z[essne]+ ix[smne 2 Z-ces o> Z[eoane J = Spader. — BCBS 1 z[sinne]= 2h Z-acese2 +1 2BLEMS : : nd Hue z transform of eto) | < * f ron : 4% ue) | - = (yz eZ Crepe) ao =o by Lineantig pawpory Ayan @ ne, 3 i= aad anil Xn) = ¥Lxiy) def + 2 [i+ 21] ) =P) eps al(zay?alba [= =u + 8Z+ AZ Az!) | (2-4? es J & Find zlatcesn ve] Gon: 2[ a% ees pI 1] At ae il a] = =[oonE] oe 1a a *, Zz | 24 29e egy aces oe Pe Zz ee art! - FoRMOLA+ | te 2 [ops] = 2(z-cese) I 2 a cos04 a ° & 2 (sind) - zeine -AZcose+) 3- 2(asnmyy _ ze 244 Wit 4 2(4in ntyy) aS ° tH2 know tha z[atbeine) = Z(2s086) Z- aazceseta>~ oT Heme oot, eos TT zZ[a" can J _ 2(z- cs Ya) Faazcesty, +a 22% 2 zitar zat Z[a"einne]= 4zsine 2 Sazcso+a> \ 62aeiyn e-E5 z[a"ain ne] = ——— a lo a 12% aazeos ED +a* = ae 2 Zar| A, Find za") Bokn - zja? jz zl «a?]e ez[at] = BA) az 7 a, — a Za B Fi in OT and Zisin am | Boky - oo wit e 2[esin wt Je 52 [sin At] Z[sin ne] - “z(Z-08s6) ZLezcese+ys Putoom , 4 Z[sinnD] . 4 = Gy “gee = BLED nag / Yaz~ Zz 2 [s8in er ]_ 4 - 2[ 4in ne] = put y= Thina z[elnlan+s)] n(A+B) = ¥ HA cos B+ cesAainB [om lan+ay]= 2[6fn an cesa+ cos anoing] = =[ hnan]]xcose + 3ing Z[eosan]SNVERSE Z TRANSEORM- Bivene z zeavelooun F z[~(n)]= x(z) ’ B Ackined as x(n) =z [xi]. Z[(Z] con cohahoked Sey }) postial Laaction i) Cauchujs Residue ahora in) Conyelution Aheosrn PROBLEM: ina 2] Soin: X(z) = _ 102 eney = xl) lo ene 2Oa ia . 2 a eez-& \z2\ !0. a z-] |z=2 —!0 10 = + ZI Z-8 Z[xlD]= wey loz z-a. » 2'[x(2]= -1o( Z)+ 10( 9) z[x2)]= -lo + lay z'[ baa] lies tofa™ uy ie * ye Kine (a : ~a+G-40e) : 2[ 2(2+a@) 7. 2 Pras 2h ate = -22q=a0” re x(D = rar 3 x(D_ Z4+a Dare 2 (242845) r SE eat x@_ 21a Mey =-12ai = eee (2-(-14ai)) (z-9-ai)) @._A ae 2 z-(-!4ai) z-(-|-a) ) | a citai+a ail z-Cl-8i)|ze4ai ~ -4aisi+al 4a| Nv a. cox2. eS 2-4 ¢ cz a7 G43) (2-ai) -& ei 7 7 = r& (-atai) (-2-ai) 444 iS i 2 ~ai 2 = = ar ze-ai — (-alva)(-ai-ai) (8-ai) (47) (24)(z-8i) 7 x (arai) aaal ara, = tai, .arai &(4+4) "b = | . we tt (air) | (z+9)(z+ai) [zeai Caisayissai) alaira) (ai-s) @.uknt ¢ 3 x) . th a at 8(248i) s(2-8)) 4 dnvestve 2 tewamsforn : =(n)= = '[xtz]= oe 213] 7 we aa J+ a 2hCONVOLUTION THEOREM: 1. ag Pe = @ a le Find ate Z'[ oe cotn, : 2 afoiz es jf 2 “(da ee eld) + 21 He) = (Bea. ( oi a ne: eh) <= (-2)"(-a)* sc(n)= Cas (-a)(-a)"s (-a(-a) = (a) (a2. tS Rln)e (-a)"+ (ra) + (cals (ay? tay x(n) = (ntifay ) & Find ste 2] 80) qeny] 40) = cosnt \ wdreme $ln)e yy Goin: 21G@Y]- _zOz) az® a2" a (az-)(z+i) (az+az 2) = az® (az4z-l) e a a A pee L Bon: “Lath A A+ («2 Ze u = ax ab ; a | TEE Geel gh es (ary a. * ad e Ue Ales ab” 3 Bye inate . = pe a bP ee ° e Sb ecb ns GP 4 o] Tee a = BLT 4 CBI (BI BI oo enze estes =} a = ela woh tte (nn Ftooums yl, Frome ten B- Fach =, =, yaA Bay 2 (2 ,) 4 z ae. 0 oa rh yr z( ee )- (2-a)l2-¥) a-b Heste azt) b= 3 “(= ). ft (2-D(z3) 1-37 | “a +L (3-3") 5. Find 2[—= nies] Bean: 2 8 Sal zw ez (az eal 2 (azn eer 3ve sie Algperence 2q% Una BUn=o given Yoo 3 : ie, yl) +3 » Ynti= zylz) 29) Zy(2)- zy()-zy!) Yna2 = ri) ~ 22 Y4)= 2[e) (2)— zy(s)- 2714) = 2[e] yl -2 Y(o)-ayl2)= 2[e] 4 umnidial eomditions 5 42 [2-9] - z= 2B] [ 2[e) =e] Ya- 22 « 2% yt] Zye : wee Ze “ae 2i] i yo = 3(8)” Br ae % dnvanstonrn wating el aenenes 230 Yes Ath raul ee anereylodas and y(De0 Bon = pplying 2 Aeros Seon m both sides,[ute - Bylo) zai afzul® = 2y(0)] + 42g 2 ye) oe 4zyz) yz + 4ylz)=0 (2) [ 22 az +4] = 2b Y= 2. plex ay Z42+4 ~—#4 A(z a Boz-4 2=8>) Be-a Z=0 5) ~8A4+B=-4 ~—aA=-8 =)A=| ye) | eee a da =a mn alates, Taking Z Swverse & iF = “[utey]- >[ = alt Zz ee cad iW faz () & -8z ee] 1 Yla)= a ng? [7]. == | yln) = @(I-n) 2[ na") 2 Ey.2 Asvansfoom om beth sides, ZY) + bzylz) + ayl2) = ees . : 2-2 y@e _O4p (=-a) (24 be+4) @s- — —_. oa (2-8) (2+3) (243) Bul) Aig Boa(xck Z8 243 (2437 Mey = A(z+3)+ Biz-a) (243) + ¢(2-Q) = BI 3 -BD -PeHl > eet =0 3 4A-bB_ac-| 3) am ~'B+ B21 6B. 242). (4410, 4-95 _p ye. _ = at — ii 1 2 ~ gn(z-a) a5(z4+3) — 5(243)* Taking tnveowse 2 2botomsfosm, 1 ps y(n) = Berge -£1 5 By(2) - 246 if z4())) +b] 2yl2)~ 246) rue) ” Pog 2-33 -33 =zNorn en > he ee 4+ Ungg - DUna +bun= 47 Bokn: Taking Fousten Aang oon y . [yo- By6- zyld|- 6[2yQ- leg Zule)- = szyls) + byla)= yla fe e2+8] = eae za a3 24 yl2)= oz eee (2-4) (2-3)(z-&) ye) = 225 _ baleSe-g) ¢ HeozZ-3RESIDE THEOREM: ral (ne LE | xa2"a2 am g By cauchy's stesidue APreoswm, J etapa ae = aril sun ob scstolu of Residue Loar veingle pole at zea, Him (2-8) x(x)" Zea Residue & oscler m ax pete Zea iylshep Bunction (uln)) fost) Unis step 0g Empulse equence (&(n)): Bln) = 1% ‘+ fost n=o foango, (= Sainz” - slo)z? | Z[a"uln]= (Zl), Jz - (25). \ alw 2L. Cr) a IN 8 ifs& Calaale z[ 6(n-k)] - oe Lend nepl D nag Born - z[ s(n “=F einyz” o Se se a (8(r-b)z | pele Zz 3. Calewlate z[ 2"5(n-a)] i Behn: [n-a)= eee nga - 2[8(n-ayj. $ ar-az" % 2[ 86 (n-a)] = ( Fey = #4 Ze A. Colotat 2[utn-wy] Une. J 's nak Bown: & nek Z[um-ey- = Unb) 2? nee " hy pte, zie pt eee i 1 Ze + 1 Set ze + 2[ln-w)] -3[1+ 2 yet Bethy g ge(t- 34 2Z[uln- -) |= Be (Se og =)ee | by using cauehyie seddue theooe (z-a)(2-b) Aue zdre orven) cura of eres Paines 0 x(Qz"" = ) 12-Alz9) z"[ ze Ja Sum os esi ym (2-al2-) 292-4) B 7 JS 2 1Qbunn of estas! 3B ae = (2-22) t ‘ = ; ? Le ip ont y ab x 1 ze ; Hb, Raat —— ax z=b, Ka ed [es 2D EB. perl ae (2-0(2-»)leak wena ie cae G- taal nel = Bum of aesidues of x(z)z gx) (2-C14i)) (2-4-1) © Residue at 2 -i4t, Tee [e i ) . ae i Baie (a i) J = ts" 7 cut, md | (A+iafsi) Gy Ree ia ae a a = Gun of gusidues oh , ai Residue ad 2 ary R ne “sgl ~OA)) zl iu Zz " ; ZagLi +i)= a(c3ose + fsame) = sews ortasine . woes = -| ptsine = + 54 +ano=+1 N5ine =| Acese =| 2 ox san'(“De= Few) ae A= Nok ye = leia i = (a i ie (alos & ST jam at) e|4 i= ees p= (i)" [ors SF Tare Sort] = (@)” [ees a Pain aor) N ] = RitRa= gf [e@ [os gt tain ot o— Bs a7 8 (GY [03 28% 7 ofp Stn mae | fia] ak 4 2[ (eo ea lM cuichy’s suesidue PeaseAoranspoom 20ne W[n+@ + 40,41 30,=2” 4 . wish Ussoand Y=) nse ing Louse Amansfoown » . 7 - 2 his) - 2yh-z4l)}- alzye)-zyS)* ay) ne fyi —x]+ 4zyb)+ 3yl2s2 2 Z-8 a - Z24+2-az ; y()[ 442-43] = +2 = Bere 2-8. 2 zee _ fe a (2-8)(A+4248) (2-a@) (245241) yid= BDA YB 2 = ae ee a (z-a(2+3) (24) Lar Gslstte n | ( NE te shy = #4 B | ¢ 28 WB ZH Z-) (242,24 ») zp (OE | 2 2 (z-ayl2+\) Ize 2d pee al-22 4 ‘ Zz 4B _ Wes Ze z= Ss Za eH z+ i ipg 2) be LEC A pphatia Sucre YoPi es FIM Ss P- 4 Z n jo nyt [3 ) uz) La+sll-Z 2|saJ- ge ~ NOTE: TQ ivisiel omdizions ace rot aiven, % J PaLe Je an adore g a. = E ¢ Using Z Aeorshwnn kind Ap +2y(n-)-% With Yyld=Zand uyliee. BIa: Replace the given ean ou, G nek ylnsa)_ 24(ns)~ 4yinao | Z ppg 2 tevaneBosum, Pat x yte)— zylt)] +2] zy) AY) ] © -y — ylaf a+ 3% ~4] agen ae yA [2482] - 22 Fa2.q, (= 32%é az 4 yz) ae seas d os Dey ule = 28245) ia