ENGLISH 7 QUARTER 1 - WEEK 6-7

FALLING AND RISING INTONATION, ROAD SIGNS

In this module, you will be taught how to understand the pre-colonial Philippine
literature as a means of connecting to the past; various reading styles; ways of
determining word meaning; the sounds of English and the prosodic features of speech;
and correct subject-verb agreement.

THE BIG IDEA

Intonation is the way the pitch of a speaker’s voice goes up or down as they speak. We use intonation to help get our message across.
Stress is about which sounds we emphasize in words and sentences. For example in the word ‘banana’ the stress is on the second
syllable, in the word ‘orange’ the stress is on the first syllable. In sentences, we usually stress the most important, ‘content’ words.
Rhythm is about how we use a combination of stressed and unstressed words in sentences. Sentences have strong beats (the stressed
words) and weak beats (the unstressed words). Intonation and stress are closely linked. In fact it's impossible to dissociate them.
They go hand in hand. Intonation is about how we say things, rather than what we say, the way the voice rises and falls when
speaking, in other words the music of the language. Just as words have stressed syllables, sentences have regular patterns of stressed
words. In addition, the voice tends to rise, fall or remain flat depending on the meaning or feeling we want to convey (surprise,
anger, interest, boredom, gratitude, etc.). Intonation therefore indicates the mood of the speaker.
There are two basic patterns of intonation in English: falling intonation and rising intonation.
In the following examples a downward arrow (➘) indicates a fall in intonation and an upward arrow (➚) indicates a rise in
intonation. Again, these are not rules but patterns generally used by native speakers of English.
Just remember that content words are stressed, and intonation adds attitude or emotion.
This explanation on intonation is intended to serve as a general guide to help learners.
It should in no way make them unnecessarily anxious!
It should be remembered that a written explanation can never be a substitute for a 'live' conversation with a native speaker.
Attitudinal intonation is something that is best acquired through talking and listening to English speakers.

DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. Rhythm (suprasegmental stress patterns) (time)
a. The relationship between stressed and unstressed syllables
b. Patterns of combination of stressed and unstressed syllables
c. The liaison or other phonological structures (assimilation, deletion, etc.)
2. Intonation (suprasegmental melody) (time + space)
a. Pitch contours; break indexes (time)
b. The intonation units; the pitch accent (time + space)
3. Declination (suprasegmental melody) (time + space)
a. Declination of statements (time + space)
b. Down-step slopes (time + space)
Rising intonation
Rising intonation describes how the voice rises at the end of a sentence. Rising intonation is common in yes-no questions:
I hear the Health Centre is expanding. So, is that the new d ↗ octor?
Are you th↗ irsty?
Intonation
What is that?
Music has a melody, the sounds sometimes go up and down which makes it sound so nice.
Languages also have a tune, melody or up and downs which make pronunciations difficult!
In English, intonation helps us to understand what the speaker tries to tell or emphasize.!
It is important!
It shows the attitude of the speaker. Is the person certain or doubtful? We can understand with intonation.
It shows the feelings. Are we happy, excited, anxious, tired or enthusiastic?
It shows our relations. Are we best mates?, Do we have formal bond?
Rising Intonation
Yes / No Questions – Are you feeling stronger?
Tag Questions – You like sushi, don’t you ?
He usually comes late, doesn’t he?
Statements to encourage the speaker – Come on! You can do it!!
When we list the things – I would like to have some cheese, tomato, tea ……
Falling Intonation
Simple Statements – That is wonderful. / it is good. / She is smart.
Commands – Go over there! Be silent!
When we count numbers, we want to be certain – One, two, three, four… ( we use falling intonation)
Examples!
Are you AFRAID? ( Rising intonation – yes / no questions)
Do you want to START? ( Rising intonation- yes / no questions)
You are a pilot, Aren’t you? ( Rising intonation – tag questions )
I didn’t read this BOOK ( falling intonation - statement)
That is GOOD ( Falling intonation – statement)
STOP it, please ( Falling intonation – commands )
ENGLISH 7 QUARTER 1 - WEEK 6-7

We live in MOScow ( Falling intonation – statement)

Falling Intonation (➘)
(The pitch of the voice falls at the end of the sentence.)
Falling intonation is the most common intonation pattern in English.
It is commonly found in statements, commands, wh-questions (information questions),
confirmatory question tags and exclamations.

Statements

o Nice to meet ↘you.

o I’ll be back in a ↘minute.
o She doesn’t live here ↘anymore.
o Dad wants to change his ↘car.
o Here is the weather ↘forecast.
o Cloudy weather is expected at the end of the ↘week.
o We should work together more ↘often
o I'm going for a walk in the ↘park.

 Commands
o Write your name ↘here.
o Show me what you’ve ↘written.
o Leave it on the ↘desk.
o Take that picture ↘ down.
o Throw that ↘out.
o Put your books on the ↘table.
o Take your hands out of your ↘pockets.

 Wh- questions (requesting information.)

(questions beginning with 'who', 'what', 'why', 'where', 'when', 'which', and 'how')
o What country do you come ↘from?
o Where do you ↘work?
o Which of them do you ↘prefer?
o When does the shop ↘open?
o How many books have you ↘bought?
o Which coat is ↘yours?
o Whose bag is ↘this?

 Questions Tags that are statements requesting confirmation rather than questions.
Not all tag questions are really questions.
Some of them merely ask for confirmation or invite agreement, in which case we use a falling tone at the end.
o He thinks he’s so clever, doesn’t ↘he?
o She's such a nuisance, isn't ↘she?
o I failed the test because I didn't revise, did ↘ I?
o It doesn't seem to bother him much, does ↘ it?

 Exclamations
o How nice of ↘ you!
o That's just what I ↘need!
o You don't ↘ say!
Rising Intonation (➚)
(The pitch of the voice rises at the end of a sentence.)
Rising intonation invites the speaker to continue talking.
It is normally used with yes/no questions, and question tags that are real questions.

 Yes/no Questions
(Questions that can be answered by 'yes' or 'no'.)
o Do you like your new ➚teacher?
o Have you finished ➚already?
o May I borrow your ➚dictionary?
o Do you have any ➚magazines?
o Do you sell ➚stamps?

 Questions tags that show uncertainty and require an answer (real questions).
o We've met already, ➚haven't we?
o You like fish, ➚don't you?
o You're a new student ➚aren't you?
o The view is beautiful, ➚isn't it?
ENGLISH 7 QUARTER 1 - WEEK 6-7

WEEK 7 (ROAD SIGNS)

APPLY YOUR UNDERSTANDING

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions:
ENGLISH 7 QUARTER 1 - WEEK 6-7

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Write arrow up after the statement/question which has a rising intonation and arrow down after the statement/question
which has a falling intonation.

1. Where do you live?____________________

2. Do your assignment. __________________
3. The moon goes round the earth. _________________
4. Are you afraid of the ghost? _____________________
5. We should work together more often. ______________
6. How does an elephant sleep? ___________________
7. Is it safe to cross the hanging bridge? _______________
8. Do plants sleep at night? __________________________
9. Should we pray before meals? _____________________
10. What did you learn from your fieldtrip? _______________
11. We've met already, haven't we? __________
12. Take your hands out of your pockets. __________________
13. Do you sell stamps? ________________________
14. May I borrow your dictionary? __________________________
15. How nice of you! ____________________________