dd Inroducton 6 Civil Engineetifig ag : => Civil Engineering IGoks into the public néeds to mest the nécessar).infiasiruciural * demands of the society by-keeping our social and cultura} hehiage. | It deals: with improving the quality ofthe standards. © Civil Engineering involves number of operations right, Fort surveying; planning, analysis, desigh, estimate,. execution work and mointain the structures. for its “lifetime. . + ‘The scope of Civil Engineering is widening with the advent of sew construction materials, techniques, equipments, facilities, echnical know-how and practices. + The construction is the largest field involving building of small home to high-rise dustrial structures, from village.road to building (skyserapers), cura work tobi oe ~ state ond national highways, expressways, tramways, railways, small irrigation tanks to major dams, power houses (hyd, therial, nuclear) runways in ale-ports, high towers, tunnels, bridges, bunkers, harbours, cooling towers, recreational centers and other eivil structures. + Civil Engineering -gives.scope for irrigation by construction barrages,, dams, canals, distributaries. This help-o control hoods. i © Ingive scope for cehabiltation by providing mass housing and job epporianten +The fields involved in Civil Engineering are Structural Engineering, Construction ‘Technology, Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resovree, Environmental Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Computer application to Civil Engineering, Eorth-quoke studies, reliability of structures, Surveying, Remote ‘Seosing and GIS ond GPS ete. ie : { i ' i ! { ‘ ! | i | 1 i 1 Scanned with CamScannerERT FEET TAY ene and att bf detettning the \elatlve pothions of pots on,” E above or bereai ‘the’ suits of te earth by iniasitérient of ditt, iestion aad 2" clevation either difectly or indiréetly. It if esses ally'a procéss of tein : Positions of points in a horizontal plane. . a 7 ~ Itis possible to find the elevations or levels of elght ‘Sts pots with teepect to ® given or assumed datum, Levelling is edzentaly a picicess'of determing th positions ©F points ina veticl plane, oot " ve The surveying may primaily bé classified into to di 4. Plane surveying b. Geodetic surveying *® Plane surveying: The suriey in which earth surfiee ts assiimed as'a plone and the curvature of the earth is ignored, is known as plane surveys, - Geodetic surveying: The survey in which curvature of the earth is taken into account and higher degree of accuracy in linear as well as angulat observations is achieved, is “7 ~--kunown as Geodetic Surveying, Ss i Classification based on Instrument used, é 1. Chain surveying 2. Compass. ‘Surveying 3, Plane table surveying 4. Theodolite surveying 5: Tacheometric surveying 6. Triangular surveying 7. Aerial surveying 8. Photogrammetric surveying Principles of Surveying are, 1+ Location ofa point by measurement ffom two fixed points of reference aready known and to fix the ‘third point on. ‘paper, ; 2. To work from whole to part to prevent the accumulation of errors. >... TS —_ 2 Mii Scanned with CamScanner1.2.2 Building Materials = i yee eit tie Da surveys whet plotted and ray on a paper sone ‘a plan ons and ‘comrour5, of any pait ofthe arth’ surfa ig To measure | the area and volume.of Iand.°; 6. Provide ‘modem iméthod of surveyin transportation: comininieaton, mapping and. desi ownership. a To gather information about the physical” as “envifonritent, ground systems, the boindry for. lind position of points in 3D space. . ‘Advent of. Electionic devices has simplified | thé method of surveyiig’ ever of inaccessible points. H 9, To cani duct Engineering survey, Topographic survey survey, Geological survey, Archaeological: survey, “Photog ymmatic survey, Military survey, Mine Hydrographic. survey, Aerials survey, Astronomical ‘survey, Environmental survey, Global positioning survey, Geodetic survey etc. ‘The construction of any engineering structure requires wide range of materials called engineering materials or building materials. Building materials play an important role in modem technology. The choice of the building materials is wide open with the constructional methods, mechanical tool as and plants and-variety of materials. The materials chosen should have such properties that they are safe, economical, eco-friendly and serviceable for the purpose for which they are used. ‘The building industry economists should have working knowledge of building materials, their optimum application based on theirprincipal properties and their manufecturing techniques, in order that the buildings and installations may have optimum engineering, economic performance and efficiency. The building materials can be broadly divided into following, categories, Scanned with CamScanneri ei Ce lal ey eb eto, a ik sn Ber idan a sagt pea i ‘Traditional snbterial = Stones sta eer ‘material. sa ferrous in! fi «Bitumen, morta, con ii in ae blocks, ples, wnt, laininate doot, plastic laminates, asbestos sheets, fibro reinforced glass etc. +4. Smart materials or intelligent materials — Exhibiting unique : properties which are highiy sensitive to deformation and.very precise, when subjected to external force” acting ds ‘actuators and sensors. Exaraplest Optie fibre, piezoelectric material, clectrostrictive and magnetostrictive riaterials.ct8:~ 1.23 Constinetion Teehnology, Constnietion Téchnology is a traditional science which deals vith the: modern metliods of construction, incorporating appropriate use of materials, sufficient strength and performance, maxiinum utility, good proportion and grace. Construction industry is becoming complex day by day due to rapid accumulation of scientific techniques, new types of construction materials, sophisticated and heavy equipments and management techniques to complete the projects within the stipulated We should be in a position to utilize fully our technology advancement along with ~~ the talents, skills, man-povrer, experience and technical-know-how of the people and sociatsphere. Management deals both with material things as well as human beings. Therefore management techniques play an important role in Construction Technology, 1.2.4 Geotechnical Engineering Geotechnical Engineering’ déals with the study of the properties, behaviour art use of earth materials (soils and rocks) in engineering works. It involves the application : Of principles of Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics, Foundation Enginecting and : Engineering Geology to engineering problems involving Svils and racks, Scanned with CamScannerbabe ne To select the type of foundation cit works fora paiticular structure. To desig foiundation for building, dam, retaining wall, bridge, road paverent, “railway line, harbout, offshore structure etc: 5., Te design foundation for ander structure like’ tunnel, conduit, power house © ete: To design foundation for machinés inch as tibines, compressors etc, to transmit vibrations’ to foundation soil. 7, To study the effect of soil as a medium for'blasts during mining, earthquake, Jandslides and nuclear explosions, 8, Ground improvement. by using atest techniques such as geosynthetics, geotextiles, ground compaction by blasting, grouting ete. of soil, permeability, seepage, consolidation, stability, 9. To study about comps drainage and bearing capacity of soil. 10. 1t includes various types of foundations like shallow foundation, deep foundation, pile foundation, ‘well foundation, machine foundation and anchored soil strcture, 1.2.4 Structural Engineering ‘The structural engineering isa branch of Civil Engineering, having a wide variety of structural systems like buildings, bridges, dams, transportation systems, water and ies, power generating stations, storage tanks, and sewage treatment and distribution-fac many other types of constructed facilities that must have adequate strength to resist the load that act on it during its life lifetime. The scope of Structural Engi eringis very vast, | Scanned with CamScanner: on 0 : system’ in a! The: structural esiineee igs iponsile for creation of structural eo ie i ile of and ce including sadiation “power lint, also takes cate about environmental se, +> proteetion and themnial polftion.: The’ structural engincers.are also: involved in research and development works,” *.. - Ss Which helps in improving the systein’ ‘of analysis and design ofa structure: |. + = 7 The strictural engineér: should take the respoisibility about the saleiy” and serviceability of the structure for its lifetime. 8, ‘The structural engineer should introduce new techniques, technologies, materials, efficient and economical construction of “equipments, computational tools for safe, ‘the project. 9. The structural engineer should be Prepared to take the natural calamities like ———____ earthquake, wind, landside ete, and provide remedial measures. 10.The advent of electronic-digital computer has completely revblutionied the planning, analysis, design and drawing in structural engineering using AutoCAD, Staad Pro, Struds, NISA, ANSYS, ETAB, MATLAB, SAP ete, Softwares, 1.2.6 Hydraulic Engineering Hydraulics is one of the oldest branch of sciences ap ying the fundamental Principles’ of Tie behaviour of fluid at rest or in motion. Hydraulics mainly deals with the Practical problems on flow of water, This is an applied science which j is based on the Fesults obtained from the experiments, which result into the formation of empirical formulae, and have very limited use. Tie concepts of fuid pressure, uid static, flow . pattern helps engineers to design the stro tures like dams, reservoirs, bridges, culverts, 6 Scanned with CamScannerSe Eocene Engineaing ‘mechanics’ 4 ane Bale. ete. This ‘on is als6, ied for en Haare ins aps, Broppers through technology to sesvethe ‘mankir ’.- : s+ Mater resource engineering is the proper ¢ conservation, and use of water and-its ci asséciated land :resources,.to obtain “optimum development. ith the most economical » ae expenditure of the funds snd resources. Waler resource engiieering involves conception, planning, designing, construction and opération of facilities:to control and utilize water, * with a national objective of improving the quality of thé life of the people. . The scope of water resource engineering, 1. It facilitates to control, regulate and utilize water to serve wide variely of purposes. 2. It is the concern of economists, politicians; scientists, geologists, chemists, biologists, electrical and mechanical engineers and other specialists. 3. Flood-mitigation,land.drainage, sewerage and highway culvert « from water resource engineering. Thiese designs are made to control water, that is, will not cause excessive damage to property or inconvenience to the public or loss of life. 4. It gives scope for utilization of water in beneficial purpose by providing water supply, irrigation, hydro-electric power development and navigational improvernent. 5, Water quality management or pollution control is the important phase of water resource engineering. 6. To protect flora and founa. _ 7. Scope for recreational use of water resource. The main elements in the water resource development in ry uion to their physical, ‘economic and social relation to each other are, Scanned with CamScanneri Navigation or Water: Transport fa sets Jind industrial water supply. :* Walershed management ‘g:* Floraand fauna F F Paltition abatement . : Dininage Stidiment contro! : Salinity . . sete ol, Recreation in : Las +! mh Soil Conservation “a Beenie preservation, 1.2.8 Irrigation Engineering Irrigation may be defined asthe process of supplying wate tothe sol for raising the crops by attficial means. It is a planned and designed science to fit the natural ditions, most suitably. + Intigation is not just limited to application of water to agrigulture Tamm, Ideals with the design and construction ofall works, such as dams, weirs, head regulators ete, ‘The scope of Irigation engineering can be divided into two heads, fieering Aspect: a. Storage of water by constructing dam as reservoir. b, Diversion of stored water to canals for distribution. ¢. Lifting of water by digging wells and fed to small cannels. Conveyance of water to agree Feld by some sulle dstlboutghstem tie flooding, furrow, subsoil irrigation, sprinkler and drip irrigation, : 6: Drainage nd relieving the water logging, to maintain high productivity of canal, £. Development of hydnpxtectric power, Tl. Agricultural Aspect - ° 8 Scanned with CamScanner“of water fo the crop, -..: . ~!BesProtetion from famine asiLaintains wa ais drought. ‘ash trops such as sugarcane, cotton etc. - 3." Cultivation of coinmercial ‘Additional reveriue to the nation, in the fom of water fax and bumper crops. “SE Living standards of pede inproved: ‘with increas¢ in jand valie and érop yield. 62_-Genération of hydro-electric ower and indistrialization. aa / ‘linpfovement ify ground waier storage. 8: Helps in arboriculture. 9." Ittigation helps in the overall development of our country. 1.2.9 Transportation Engineering Transportation means the movement of the men and goods from one point to ~~another>It is'as-old-as-civilization: It-contributes tothe economic, industrial, social and _ eultural development 6F the country. There dre three major modes of transportation." 1, Landways ‘a. Roadways or Highways b. Railways, ¢. Tramways 2° Waterways 3. Airways Transportation in India is a large and varied sector of economy, as it leads to wide variety of scope, i. It contributes to the economic, industrial, social and cultural development of any country. Scanned with CamScanneror economic davelopnient of ay, Tegion: Die cy amici whee ve Ee food, doting, indi peducs, lie, ex or mee ndedstanspont syste ee MES forts distribution, eas eee ee © ik. Urbaseaton and adit mates the surplus bodr force from ral areas. “Thereby increasing’ number of trips, (originating ‘and terminating) calléd trip Bencration based ‘on location,” characteristics. aid ftensity of land” under . consideration, . 4 5 4. To promote the public transport and mass transport." . ¥: Provide co-ordination amongst various modes ‘of transprtation, whieh improve © service level and quality. ae Provide co-ordination amongst various modes"of transportation, which improve Service level and quality. vie vii. To optimize the transportation cost, maineninee nd adanistrative overheads. viii.Planning the transport process with Fespect 10 survey and arial: ‘condition and forecasting the future condition. ix. Evalui lysis of existing ing the alternatives using cost/benefit ratio techies. %. Provide continuing study for program adoption and ir Participation and updating of the plan. .. *i, It invo} implementation with citizen $.geometric or shape and size desigi, material stu lesign, Construction and maintenance. 211 Te involves accident, study for sats and comfort transport system, 1.2.10 Environmental Engineering Environmental p neering is a multi-disciplina MY selence involving the application of engineering principles, the protection and enhancement of the quality of Environment and tothe enhancement and protection of public health ant wellave ‘The scope of Environmental Engineering, 1 2. The importance of protection and conservation of our eavisonment ‘The need to restrain human activities, which lead to indiscciminate wwleas wt : oollutants into the environment. eee 10 Scanned with CamScannersil Saft wih water went, f i cle of waste Water and solid prises, | _ Adequate drainage ofurban, Thral and recreational Mes, = gs Contd of aten, soil and: nl iain pol 6 oS Elimination of industria haa. ‘he © 10. The siody of environmetita pas sesment and milion meus, a4 11, Control of air and noisé pollution, =:12:To study environmental:chemisiry and biology, enyroninenta byt, and : ~ hydraulics, environméntal guolity'modeling. i 13, Recognize an ecosystem arid make scientific study of the interaction between the living and non-living compsnents. XUCAUIL ae eLonomic, “2.1 Types of Infrastructure There are three types stores Ser ps ee ee _Sependa 3. Building infrastrocvare——- —-° 2. Systems infrastructure A indy ies & ee . 3. Personal infrastructuce. SS Aapends ies joan, re an By mon poration.» & ' Copernic tien 2.2 Role of Civil Engineer in the Acie jevelopmen' ” A civil engineer has to play a very important role by looking into the public needs through shelter, water supply for drinking and inigation of crops, sewerage, transportation, energy and disaster protection, which forms the basie infastructural ““deiands of the society . “The various jobs to be performed by a Civil Engineer are, 1. He should be competent in the various fields- surveying, planning, analyzing, @leduling, execution, inspection and maintenaice of designing, estimating, work. MW . . Scanned with CamScanner_. + Management techniques, 9. He sets the staridards, design feces ‘and assess their conditions. 10. The construction of power stations, that provides élecriit 11. A civil engineer can vrork all éver the world either‘as consultants © ora olen in developing countries. 12. Civil Engineer plays vital role in the disastér msnagement and rehabilitaticn: 13, Civil Engineer helps to preserve our environmeni by assisting in cleaning up of existing pollution and planning ways to reducé future pollution of our zi, land and water as managing and mitigation measutes, : ———_I4. He should make. use of his best ex; the public and govemment, which helps in further developmest of the infrastructure of the nation. ; 2.3 Impact of Infrastructural facilities on the Socio-Economic development of a country Infrastructure is the basic structure on which the whole country, sociegy organization or an enterprise is developed, which includes the filities, scope, services, equipments and availability, which is needed to the society forts proper functioning, ided into economic infrastructure and social infrastrvcture, Infrastructure may be di The economic infrastructure includes, A good and assured water supply scheme for drinking, industries and other purposes. 2. A proper water and sewerage system and pollution control 12 Scanned with CamScannerwaterway$ including bridges tunaels et,” ; ‘Well planned towns and cities with all amenities. anal t %10-Blectrical supply; which is the, essential factor forthe developinent-and progress “ofthe country. It sls6 inclodes poser" stations, solar energy; wind enerey, © transmission towers, conductors ec. = 11 Construction industry. is the basic necessity for the development and progress of a Country. Construction acts a5 a medium for transforming the aspirations foi: social 2 S52" and economical well being of a country into reality by providing infrastructures ; like buildings, highways, street, roads, bridges, aitports, airways, public transi, water supply and waste water treatment, resourees of water and hazards waste management. . Land development by providing plots, landscaping ete. _The-social infrastructure includes, 1 Good health eare for upgrading and well being of humani society by providing primary health care centers, hospitals etc, 2._ Infrastructure must help to achieve education and employment, 3. Wild 1ife conservation, agriculture, industries, communication, commerce and cultural activities. Gane fh Scanned with CamScannerc cC dq Engjressing, techanics KW @ branch qf Physical Aciemes, cchdh dasols WAR Ane belo iouwrd A Nae body unda ne acken A Jextor udhsin body is ab venk Aw MEN YD Yonsisn an Mechanics | Appicalian ql Lhe Doon 4 pancipler A machanios xo Wn emgnessing Problums He actund problems An Jeammad on Enginesing Hechanids. Engin BAg Weelhonius ; Hechanics ae *Vecnanios | Buide Rechamics a Rigid Has B o bodios Aajprmable bodies Jeinem ation SohkOs Dynamics |” \Gnakion Uechomics eh Rigid bodien bodies acon en 3 oth, | Aalpimadian Endod Aa opicsion e Yok. 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Aw bot studs 4 AxcchS bY Xao dos ah You PSnpen olan i suet Saas Yow xcenuttam& Coss be xepeenemied Ww roauysted 4 axed wy Yee omng, Nido Ch Yoo paygen doen an Raw oppormsac oxdsay. fs 4, SF . Fe Scanned with CamScannerS a SA Yovce ef doont in ackan of © point rnakig om ama LS GAN Nha horyontal. Determine dre Componecits ci Ain Joe along Mao © 4 Y dixections 7 Fae PURO = 200 CHS =153.2080 S * Fy = F Sow = Loo GAKS = 128. 57H! US, . 2) Fore Cogan Jorces 038 ating, BY. Yaa Be canton Wn Boot SE o& & point an Ahown rude 4 direction ao . oon! Z Foc = hoo Laxey bo x FysteonQings 4 FL = 300 Lash x ue yy = 300 Sind TFs * YOOkRGs —Beolerks 4300 = TO.ATIN Fy Thy = WO SnSs 400 Laks Doo = BS4-2HEN Qe Ey = [oth Grd = Laacud ol or tons BL = ton aahae = toe8'().288) o. : 2 MONS SLT HS Delgsaine Var Yenubtast | Awe given troe joreen f log A 3g, ws, Porsielogtony g foe ot Sd Pawoons, Q=200nI \ed 265 4 O+L0 & = \W—6o-HO =F I i r From poset Yous q Jos | = VR yor, = [loma0g+ 200 ; gehen I 227 Ces = | 100742007 ta eal 2,22 R= 23R-Gsn = =\ . A= AOS Gino || = foun [ane Binds AG_CRN8. 100 +200 (rks) Scanned with CamScanner| 5) Find Ane xeanitemt €{ the jowce Aystem, — Zh = Coosinge Ae A00 Cexgg +100 Sin 80 — 10° Bind -Boolar2o | = WS-LEIN | Sey = Geo Lanes — S0dind0 § 100 (S39 & [90 HIS TROOGNIS | = D3. 0HHN, | - | a: Jem sre = [uaucs esonnyy = 2eA00N LAB = kor [LE = =) Xow (ees ns ae ME Het 8) gio" The = BB ITVIN Thy = S3-4S2N | \ Q =326.SRUN, dO 228 02 s=tot (S288 2th 308 |g A) Four Coplanes Yoxces asian, al 0 Ro 88 nrown wm Xs one A Xoo Jone Yn UNkrcoesn 4S oaghade [ Tr nrowe by F Ane Kensdion’ Noro maggitade 4 BOON 4 ocho, adong, Ane SLOGAN. Deleserina Vac fen ancien Us8h Ae xed QkeNOUSHS Jone Rk Scanned with CamScannerTh BE OAR | he Gm Bin GS = OB 2 OB HSAs 6 Casts = AB =) AB = Be 4 Se a oLs boon tom = s = sae > B=ENDAT Awe magaiteds Bi gen hy Qe JER ay SK = POO — GOOLAUO-BY = AUG HIIN ER = Gon Sin Wo. BY = — BV-IGSN Wwe axenon & rary Adan yousltont is giverdy of =A mc Sh Ane vantionk Bye hao Jorcen Ahousn in fit “ ono Aixecked VERkcody apusodds. Find tha en LAB oot FT rn gout Tre censatronk wh VBAiCadl Ahsan Atha Candition is The =W =O Tkye Ry eh The = Hoo Fwd —hooVnB =O Bedamicahoosag, wo (SNnL-LSO¥) = 0 SRnd = hLnB — Scanned with CamScannerSE gfy 7 SoU L Hho (AB = Teo S Gad AN CAS ET Stim d =1-htag ©) Bqposrg eq O 4B 4 fram addieg | . (1 MUSE) SSSR FOS CALL = (oO SiN' B FHING OSB (ax Teh (esp) AS = LATOR B AAG COB ~ SOF “sb aS = WAAIGESECAG FP BST ES =O Ga =FRo 9-G8) Se ohheky Guts Wabsd W qa egy | HOE Nash Oa SBnd = BOF © Biwd = BO WUT Sbind = VU r Lew, 18) Deleaerina Yoo je Baad Mae Yeasifamt owe P= ghoade A direction BYE ation, acs amg ata? g-axection or doors asa ® 3 e « Qahh. 06S F=180-168KN Regred f= > Scanned with CamScannerWw ipee rgpheses Hos a wensdbomt al auont acting up gong, yas. os Nnover in ¥Q Cormpure Moo yadue 4 jee PA WA Amclinaier colt 2s ~ é gee ad s P= ISlI6N a soon) & = BY t how *) Compute Moe yerutfant Ye AX ; can E7.38 — 2.90 C= bo z SF ~ Bootes FEI SOV Tg 3c = 109 30 SinG 138 — 2OSwbo™ 4k CEA 63-43 = wy Thy = SeoSinde ~283-0\ R=30 Scanned with CamScannerCoughe : Roo Ganadlsd foucen espa 6 woayritade A oyyoarite docceliaa A begeraved vay 0. Sa drite Aiwlamca Oh Mod Xo Yun © Couple, caries hay, AAGAAP AEA AO “okays hw ods ghee rin freer Ore \ ¥———— { “ ns penpendicallay, distoiaca bhoo Ye use poralhd ‘\prcen AB Vann an Janes nice |ramenomd O46, Nelomunt elo. Couple SEW Ayo prodsed qh Sih. wos Aho Joe 4 Nao perpenadicadiar Addams Ws Ao Wea in, Momamt (HM) = F%O. i 7 nit ol memes AY Gouge th Rete, —a 1, . ChasocioisthOs 9 Coupe x A Couple Cooinls Qa yous of esyand 4 opponite Pos ala Joes Lahseh ada hepos.red hy a Aatpece dons... x AGE OIE Rese AL Abe Ypeten,, Gon aaihutinn Sho Coupe At Nine Nemndhontt ol Yoin Joxcen Conagide wD Ley HFAF a Ng, Couey AS. & KN Coupe Com be pollancod nbs by Gis enpsnd 4 OpPORAe CAKE Ww Xow Homa. gone, % Coupe Com ow xotoked. Arcane om onnfe & Coupe ory bE ARQLEA Ao Oic4 clhor yorition & Any soo Couples udhone musinohy, oss nano 4 a Adora Pg, O30. CqpNoLarch Scanned with CamScannerNewent So Jone ' re torotional Yeck producod by a Yorte 1s Known as momaunk. TA unit is Nem, Aleem, Rader, kala 3 Ae poate a agua owe A see porendioales distance q ithe point Bombe Bow Q acon aq jpxce. He F ¥ 2 diskonse Wee \ Homans a) Qadusine mamas + FA o body Kotaits Hy eckusne Aceckon GA renpect to Yan moment Cerise Sas wore Ws Yorcasn OS Clockusine momest } oscklodk Wine moment: To bods xotees WwW =“QeraMork Laine Gixedion Lack XO rrgmant Cm Maun wamank yp ENN as aki clockusike moment Es Camron: ria > . corn auf a) Ave Na = WYSE \UKN-m BRN i) Win te Pe A rg Lary Mas — BX FADE Scanned with CamScannerConcagho Renubtoxtt 4 Eqpalioviusn, aes > Voggitads | tenalfant, 2 how ‘@) BS daeckion Gf realtor Porsden a weaudosst > caleniator yd Saky 4 WRttD, Nosiqnan’s gnage 4 sparen Uolement: Thar Snasves RWIS Soak “Soe Ise QQ Sow amare QL inBisidsandl Ipses CLO PEE Boow @ PSHk W eqpell oo smomant 4 Nose Xenutostk clout Yoo Aan poo’. Sexo, Rog: , Yak “R be Bae senna A Apres & At, and “A be Ana momank Cectie on Yess, Deo Yaa L Ginan dds Ads be Moa momamy OSs aq Jorn QA AR Senpecdrvddayy Yom meant Certve “A. We hae 46 prove Yost : Wd SAB de pk & Se Ans omate mada by QR udith Sha 2-035 lr Va Futaba Q 1 Sy BSin®. Scanned with CamScanner4 ee a oe genduing, Ano Joes FAG Long s-inechOn Ft KOs) Fay = FC ‘ teas kerdlving, yee QR adong, x-dieckon Ahan Rx = Rins WENA, sromant \& Ano xeasliomt jor ok sams onus j centsx A Ansan Ape Coreradi Qs = RKOAHOE [x ° “e CO ce =e = oA(etas) “aok d= OAC Werke AO | ASL BW Low Componand Q Ria Be z—dsehion . Borilonly Hx AHS oss Ye Comporentr {ha io Xaa T—Brechon rexpediody Anan, Fas oaks 7 @ Rds SOAR COO Yan od.sing eq pshoo ®Q®is coc ge Fd + Gada =OA-FL * OA Aes son eek) L Frid + fads = AD) PO - Anse Ae Awson 4 Lom pons dense’ jeter eqpal do Mas F—Componamt e Wha + ramt & 7 Fore epor® Scanned with CamScannerFoun los: tule; Re VERE SEY renin OE 08 =) ae Ponidon: Tha portion e) Nhs venultortt emscinn the Caledon qd, & AY woescoptn xd = ollggsioic Assn Qh mmomanda | rumbs, 4 * Apron Shout Losi point. Rxd =I e weelEM oN seo woneasagt lea eh, F . Mo = Ete + Fyx \owiseagts Y= | EN xe Me, zy ®y ee Fang + yo Rsdaless ys Me —_— % dA on Poin ABCD ® Acbiecledl Ao Jps@n Or Ahown in Ya. Compute Sho. magnitude, dinection 4 Aina g action Q Sra Yosabtomt €| Sne Aspens uSh “eapons x0 Yue pont A, yOOKN 00K" yookN Vx = WOO +r00(G 30 — DooCeAKy = WN TRKN Scanned with CamScanner —Po sty= =e —l09 -209 GANT +200 HSS = AV). Wok Q= YEREAERE = Wa. aoe) este (Ety) _ pao UNx 47 \ ZMK = [00 x0) 4Q00 Sins > OP Carbs xi) (oo \* | {200 Sinan #1) +(2.09 (23300) = Hy). XN WrAON A xeantiont dae che, TW R {43-30 SQ Tals rokesagt, =] ZMA | = AWD | inn Zry =n | | Hina, Qe TMA ~ \ awk _ A Thx “| varie | = YS a= AY Dedeamins Sha woggrreds , diversion 4 portions, | Bas xorulront doce vat XeQan ce, wo A oo. | gow . TKx = o-oo aoa US = “ P hq = 28° Lipo FE BAUS =EON = vans = \U\UN i | See. = Os Scanned with CamScannerTPKE WOKS —DooyK DT —1o0Sa. Aus xO rool Ynys yy 00% Yy = Lpotl-. a= oo = DBI VU ro _ ~ \hool . sonst [BE + eal Weep = =| eS ceo ots | Scanned with CamScannerNion= Concurrent ovie syure AA backed in Aubyeclecl 40 Yur Youcen 4 o& Couve a Now Yay. Dedomming Me ‘rmgrotad » dixection Y Kine \ adiion eo) he senobtont ‘ salu TH = 6G CONas ~BCaAUS = —H-BSKN zy 5-5 —CRNIS FB EWS = 2. GSKN'@ Qe [EReaeey = 5: Sank Ee eaten (EES) = 28-69 7 | res, . Line 4 akon Boa conbtant : Were Le Com Jaya enamnad otoost oma pan. : 5)x(6 x10) + GANS xis) + (WGAHE Ke) ~ Ta = (5x1 LB8in WT x5) tO = RN ‘9 eed gs RSM 2 Be a tasom a , Pe emE ce pee indetegt = | TMA | = 30: RTBU ' to fee one LZR ns ae a rintoart = {ee a Scanned with CamScanner1) A brackat i Autojected tO O Coplomod awe A s ee | ax rho © Xv Dedwein Ah congested Ss 4 asker \ rang seanbiont q Ah rayahorn. Ara Yersdtomi we AS PIP Spsougs B. uchatt Yaw shun A dxecion o rod BE ay Seco aout q Come 4 om tae roo solv TH = WHo (Bos = adsn zFy = Go BinGs - So - 3S9 = -\\0-d9nN R= {ERcrey = 50:58N & ston! (Ty , igen = SHA = B50KH + HO Cay Go KO HHO BinGo * MF loo = Q\o- SANS Qe EMA = o-Bbem R se ef Ena | 2 y.aneen \aobe Thy “Sy ¥e A Couple Won acting, en & Wocat, Shan dee caroont ww od a diptomee a 906m hom A, Lohan Bae ussbtorsk serra ‘omy B, cane ay aN Comrsdss & Couple HOS oct SN a racket ‘nxteadd USN ee ea A WwONd= AW] THA = 50 Bin bo x1) + ass Te (asona)+ ro = Wo. gare Scanned with CamScannerWET, xe z| oA = | =| Wo-39Ant Word WO.dT = D-II W=\o-dA-M0ST =O no Coulee Ockrg, eshuy Ane xeanfionk ip PON, Aesmugh’ B. 8) Find ro Benatar usith vexpeh to A Os oNgn se no Augers & Jpn RON 1 w oon ig0N Sy = 1504500 BMS = 509.EN" Sky = Joo - 5000PSu5 = -553-6N Qe The: 28N ee ety za = (\S0¥3) + (S00 Crus #1) 420002 BREH-IN=w de Som Sep wed = GAR : yee Scanned with CamScanner6) Deleanine Hre senubtant Yo Aiea q Joren Ga AReisn WO. JG octing, or O brome x Howey Nir Loring Goch xs UW y Nye \ox\oram. Bekornina tha x 4 y Antercapt aso"! Ion . 300) 7 ~ . ee v fT “4200! / ra L 815. rept Br ; wy sneer LN Vt oont es L00N soe end 5 . 8 = tO us) 263-43 ston 22) = =W5T SRE [Sot oo CAA US T4 2008S 63-43-4100 =HES:. IN TTy = -IS0 “Hoo Bin. Sidr SinGS4d = HS SEN Ra IER Sey = GARIN was B= Aan zx) = WneoH as TMG Sok Ho + Hoo SO A-56 ¥RO = DNTR Vapd—-rary See Seep = Ese Scanned with CamScanner —is “AY oy Foun YOR act on @ TOOWSTSMN FALE am Aha in Yq Gad Ane senktossl ql shane goer 4 » Locate She pind LS Ake Sine of acon Qe cenabieont WHEAUIS Aha edge AB o| Ae Feke- : S °° 3150 “T6oN boon eo | sue att ® br =40X'/500 . 8A £ (83) = 5318 Te | aa $.= 96 -88.18 = 36-8T | 1 Kou 61930 da ston 290 - se.qny Adnstt (Ss) LS . $y = I -2W-o1d = GIL-I9T SFic = S1G0 FBO CACIII’ —Sootas Bo-8T = “lOooN ky = Goo 4500 in 36. BT Bo Bin G-99W =. \200nt Qe Dera <=\562-05N < (\209)\ — 50.\9° J.B = TOON (ss = 50\T . SMA seo x3 19) -Bhotin G\.98R ¥1O0) = THIAT OURKE ce inka = | A. : A zy ox ; Tre seantiownt waked the cane AB ok O Ginkoncs. Gf GR-HA IN Yor Poke A = GUHA rey Scanned with CamScannerNR ' | “S) Dekssming Whe magnitude , divechen Q she Yornttont GRE BAH xa Augers hown in Mg batate the seruttomntt dene wold Seapeck fo point ‘D. — tom B= A > 0226.56 T¥x = -O.HTD ty = —R.2SG RERAMAKEN e=ReID Srp eueN DS hin 2 = 78 Gte™ 6.56xr-8-S¥1 A EVES TY X =V654q \ = 2R-Vélur 8) \eaioun Jertea 4 be Considuad Ys ths Mobily amoliy of 2 ABN Se: NK NE Xa: He dsm ib role, it sa cenadonk A foren FOR Aromrgh midds Ahad g z Ne Ros’ dor Xs ole. sa fant, NBSyY Sees % Scanned with CamScannergo “SF = ROOKN Ty = “Woo - Yoo +100 = -\S00KN Re sad akn AF. EV Lok Nae Yeasttant poms Ahacugh Man bane ak a Aintonss 3C ory “SO. Anan EM = (g00%3) -toory) HE9972) sees) = S290 HN pe idence = Z| 15209 |e autem +\500 wid. Me Shiva Ql the arte 233 alge WGT He vosdtonk Ler in Ane pone Wes ‘Jae as 4 bane) ence Sas dora ip role Scanned with CamScanner