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Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 3 -Module 3
Geothermal Energy

Alma L. Aparece
Catherine C. Balanga

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 What I Need to Know
The purpose of this module is to provide clear understanding on how energy
from volcanic activities produce energy in the form of geothermal energy and how
humans can benefit from this energy. After all, volcanoes are not all bad but they
also help us promote tourism.

This module contains one lesson: Geothermal Energy

After going through this module, you are expected to illustrate how energy
from volcanoes may be tapped for human use. S9ES-III C-D-29

Specifically, you should be able to:

 identify the type of energy from volcanoes;
 create a graphic representation of geothermal energy flow in a
geothermal power plant;
 explain how a geothermal energy is transformed into electrical energy;
and
 identify the advantages and disadvantages of using geothermal
energy.

What I Know

Read each question and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which energy is harnessed from the Earth’s underground?

A. Electrical C. Geothermal
B. Mechanical D. Solar

2. Which of the following shows the proper sequence of energy conversion in a

Geothermal powerplant?
A. Electrical energy → mechanical energy → heat energy
B. Heat energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy
C. Heat energy → electrical energy → mechanical energy
D. Mechanical energy → heat energy → electrical energy

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3. Which of the following shows the correct order of the parts of a Geothermal
powerplant?
A. Magma → reservoir → turbine → generator → transmission lines
B. Magma → turbine → generator → reservoir → transmission lines
C. Magma → generator → turbine → reservoir → transmission lines
D. Magma → turbine → reservoir → generator → transmission lines

4. All active volcanoes can produce energy, which volcano is a good source of
geothermal energy?
A. Cinder C. Shield
B. Lava Dome D. Stratovolcano

5. In a Geothermal powerplant, what makes the turbine rotate?

A. Carbon B. heat C. Steam D. water

6. Where is the best place to construct a Geothermal Powerplant?

A. near an extinct volcano C. near an active volcano
B. far from an extinct volcano D. far from an active volcano

7. Why is the Philippines an ideal place to construct a geothermal power plant?

A. Philippines is near the Pacific Ocean.
B. Philippines is near a convergent boundary.
C. Philippines has many active stratovolcanoes.
D. Philippines is surrounded with water.

8. Why do Geothermal power plants cause global warming?

A. Because of the burning of fuel
B. Because of the transformation of electricity
C. Greenhouse gases escape during the digging of ground.
D. Steam released by the crater emits greenhouse gases.

9. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a geothermal powerplant?

A. high cost in construction
B. renewable energy source
C. cause of earthquakes
D. efficient source of energy

10. What factor/s can be considered in constructing geothermal powerplants?

A. construction cost
B. places with hot springs
C. location
D. all of the above

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Lesson Geothermal Energy

What’s In
Identify the following effects of volcanic eruption as POSITIVE or NEGATIVE effect.
__________________1. Destruction of properties
__________________2. Ash and mud mixed with rain which results to Lahar
(mudflow)
__________________3. Fertile soil
__________________4. Human and animal casualties
__________________5. Provides possible source of energy

What’s New
Study the diagram below and answer the following questions.

Figure 1. Geothermal Powerplant

http://bit.ly/3b0KjEB

Guide questions:

1. What is the main source of heat in the diagram? _____________________

2. What happens to heat energy after being processed in the powerplant?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Which place is ideal to build a geothermal powerplant? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________

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 What Is It
Figure 1. shows how Geothermal power plant works. The term Geothermal
came from the Greek word “Geo” and “Therme” meaning Earth and Heat. A
Geothermal Power Plant is a type of power plant which produces a renewable
energy that harnesses heat from the earth and converts it into electrical energy
that can be wired into our homes and other establishments.
This type of powerplant is usually built near volcanoes where the heat from
magma is used to create steam from a water reservoir. Figure 2 shows the process
of how a Geothermal powerplant converts heat energy into electrical energy.

Process of how a Geothermal powerplant generates electricity:

1. The magma from a nearby
volcano heats the water in the
reservoir and converts it into
steam (water vapor).
2. The steam drives the turbine.
At this point, heat energy is
converted into mechanical
energy.
3. The rotating turbine powers the
generator. The generator
converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy. Figure 2. How Geothermal Powerplant works
http://bit.ly/3b0KjEB
The purpose of the cooling tower is to allow the steam to turn back into
water which will eventually go back in the reservoir.

In the Philippines, the first geothermal power plant is found in Tongonan,

Leyte, and other specific regions like Makban (Laguna), Tiwi (Albay), Bago City
(Negros Occidental), Valencia (Negros Oriental), Kidapawan (North Cotabato),
Calaca (Laguna), and Bacon-Manito (Sorsogon). According to the International
Geothermal Association, the Philippines ranked second in producing geothermal
energy with 1094 megawatts worldwide due to the presence stratovolcanoes.

Although a Geothermal powerplant produces a renewable source of energy,

it also offers some disadvantages. Table 1 shows the advantages and disadvantages
of a Geothermal energy.

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 Table 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy.
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGES
 Renewable energy source –  Potential emissions – Greenhouse
reservoirs can be naturally gases, sulfur dioxide, silica and
replenished. traces of toxic heavy metals can be
 No fuel required – After the plant is exposed into the earth’s surface
built, no fuel is needed to distribute causing global warming.
energy.  Location Specific – Geothermal
 Abundant supply of energy – powerplant can only be built in
Compared to other energy sources, places near tectonic boundaries.
geothermal energy offers unlimited  High cost – Installation of
energy supply. geothermal systems can be costly.

What’s More
Explain how a Geothermal powerplant generates electricity by labelling the
image below with the appropriate description.

A. The steam goes to the condenser and

becomes water.
B. The water reservoir is heated to produce
steam.
C. The steam drives the turbine which
powers the generator.
D. The water from the condenser will flow
back to water reservoir.
E. The generator generates electricity.

What I Have Learned

Supply the missing word/s to complete the paragraph. Choose the word/s from the
box.
thermal water hot springs Steam
magma Geothermal energy fumaroles
The internal parts of the Earth produce heat causing the production of
magma on the top of the asthenosphere. 1._______________ can transfer heat to the
rocks nearby that can heat the 2. ______________ reservoir and steam produced.
This hot water and 3._______________ go out to the steam vent or 4. _______________
underwater hydrothermal vents, and mud pots, and 5. _______________ these are
the source of 6._______________. Geothermal energy is also known as 7.
_______________ energy formed from the heat stored in the Earth’s interior.

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 What I Can Do
Complete the flow chart below by supplying the appropriate word/s from the box.

Electrical energy Generator Mechanical energy

Reservoir Turbine

Assessment
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

_____________ 1. Geothermal energy is an energy derived from the heat of the Earth.
_____________ 2. Generator converts heat energy to electrical energy.
_____________ 3. A geothermal powerplant can be built in any open area.

Additional Activities
Choose any volcano in the Philippines and make a POSTER that promotes
tourism in the Philippines.

Posttest

Read and understand each question and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following refers to the renewable energy that uses the heat within
the earth?
A. Nuclear energy C. Solar energy
B. Geothermal energy D. Gravitational Energy

2. Which of the following shows the proper sequence of energy conversion in a

Geothermal powerplant?
A. Mechanical energy → heat energy → electrical energy
B. Electrical energy → mechanical energy → heat energy
C. Heat energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy
D. Heat energy → electrical energy → mechanical energy

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3. What factor/s can be considered in constructing geothermal powerplants?
A. the temperature of geothermal water C. location
B. places with geysers and hot springs D. all of the above

4. Which of the following shows the correct order of the parts of a Geothermal powerplant?
A. Magma → turbine → reservoir → generator → transmission lines
B. Magma → reservoir → turbine → generator → transmission lines
C. Magma → turbine → generator → reservoir → transmission lines
D. Magma → generator → turbine → reservoir → transmission lines

5. The following are advantages of having a geothermal powerplant, EXCEPT:

A. It is a reliable source of electricity.
B. It provides free hot water production.
C. It affects surface stability that can trigger earthquakes due to hydraulic fracturing.
D. It is more environmental-friendly than conventional fuel source such as coal.

6. Which is the best place to construct a Geothermal Powerplant?

A. far from the extinct volcano C. near the extinct volcano
B. far from the active volcano D. near the active volcano

7. What makes the turbine move?

A. carbon B. heat C. steam D. water

8. What is the purpose of a cooling tower in a Geothermal powerplant?

A. It prevents heat from scattering throughout the power plant.
B. It helps the turbine move faster.
C. It helps the steam to go back into liquid form (water).
D. It eases the production of electricity by cooling the whole powerplant.

9. The Philippines has several geothermal plant fields which supply our nation’s
energy, which of the following is NOT perfectly matched?
A. Mak-ban Powerplant - Laguna
B. Painpinon Powerplant - Negros Oriental
C. Maibarara Powerplant - Batangas
D. Bacon-Manito Powerplant - Albay

10. Which statement is TRUE about a geothermal powerplant?

A. A geothermal power can be successful almost anywhere.
B. Geothermal energy is a sustainable energy source.
C. Initial costs in the construction of a geothermal power plant is low.
D. There is no risk of the release of hazardous substances during drilling.

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 References
Energy Education. “Geothermal Power Plant”. Accessed December 30, 2020.
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Geothermal_power_plants#:~:text=Ge
othermal%20power%20plants%20are%20used,difference%20being%20the%20h
eat%20source.

EIA. “Geothermal Explained- Geothermal Power Plant”. Accessed December 20, 2020.
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/geothermal/geothermal-power-
plants.php

Power Technology. “What is Geothermal Energy”. Accessed November 29,2020.

https://www.power-technology.com/features/what-is-geothermal-energy/

Scientia. “Signs of impending volcanic eruption”. Accessed December 5, 2020.

https://scientiafantastica.wixsite.com/scientiafantastica/single-
post/2017/12/08/signs-of-impending-volcanic-eruption

Straits Times. “Signs of volcanic eruption and precaution to take if your caught in
one”. Accessed December 7,2020.
https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/volcano-eruption-what-are-
the-signs-and-precautions-to-take

USGS. “How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?”. Accessed October 23, 2020.
https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-can-we-tell-when-a-volcano-will-erupt?qt-
news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products

Wikipedia. “Geothermal Energy” Accessed November 29, 2020.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy

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 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
9 City of Good Character
What’s In
1. Negative
2. Negative
3. Positive
4. Negative
5. Positive
What's New
1. Magma
2. It will be converted into electrical energy.
3. Near a volcano or a plate boundary.
What’s More
What I have learned
1. Magma
2. water
3. steam
4. fumeroles
5. hot springs
6. geothermal energy
7. thermal
What I can do
Assessment
1. True 2. False 3. False
Answer Key
 Development Team of the Module
Writers: Alma L. Aparece
Catherine C. Balanga

Content Editors: Jenalyn M. Salonga

Robert J. Gaviola
Jessica S. Mateo

Language Editor: Garvie L. Medina

Illustrators: Jordan B. Plopino

Arriane Joy F. Isorena

Layout Artists: Keith Angeline N. Alejandro

Jemwel Dela Paz

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science
Ivy Coney A. Gamatero
EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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