All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections

Users Guide
by McTrans

© 2019 University of Florida

Contents
Introduction 1
License Agreement ....................................................................................................... 1
Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 4
Trademarks and Copyrights.......................................................................................... 5

Getting Started 6
Getting Started .............................................................................................................. 6

General Controls 7
Menu Items ................................................................................................................... 7

All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections 9

HCM Chapter 21 ........................................................................................................... 9
Operational Data ........................................................................................................... 9
AWSC Report.............................................................................................................. 10

Glossary of Terms 11

Index 15

All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide Contents  iii

Introduction

License Agreement
HIGHWAY CAPACITY SOFTWARETM, TRANSYT-7FTM, CORSIM for HCSTM, AND HIGHWAY SAFETY
SOFTWARETM
HCS7TM END USER LICENSE
Copyright © 2019 University of Florida. All rights reserved.

This unilateral contract is an agreement between you, the End User, and the University of Florida, acting
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YOU, THE END USER, BY THE ACT OF USING THE PROGRAMS CONTAINED ON THE DISK(S),
AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. DO NOT USE THE SOFTWARE
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If you do not agree with the terms of this License, return the unused Software immediately to distributor
from which it was obtained for a full refund. WARNING!! IF THE SEAL ON THE SOFTWARE PACKAGE
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1. LICENSE. In Consideration of your payment of the required license fee, the McTrans Center,
University of Florida (hereinafter called "McTrans"), hereby agrees to grant you (hereinafter called "End
User") a nonexclusive, single office license to use the enclosed HIGHWAY CAPACITY SOFTWARE,
TRANSYT-7F and CORSIM for HCS in HCS7 (hereinafter called "Software") subject to the terms and
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All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide Introduction  1

A Laboratory License authorizes End User to use the Software only within a laboratory, up to the
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WARNING!

If this License is for use in traffic and transportation applications, the Software may not be used for
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2  Introduction All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide

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All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide Introduction  3

SOFTWARE CONFIGURATIONS OF THE END USER AND ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR THEIR
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Acknowledgements
McTrans Center, University of Florida
Box 116585, Gainesville FL 32611-6585
Telephone: 1-800-226-1013 Fax: 352-392-6629
Web: mctrans.ce.ufl.edu Email: [email protected]

The Highway Capacity Software (HCS) is developed and maintained by McTrans as part of its user-
supported software maintenance as a faithful implementation of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM)
procedures.

The HCS7 development project was directed by Bill Sampson and managed by Vishal Khanapure, both
of the McTrans Center, as part of the University of Florida, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering.

Limitations in this release include: Signalized Intersections (auxiliary thru lanes, critical v/c ratio,
planning); Urban Streets (mid-segment lane blockage, sustained spillback, planning); Interchange Ramp
Terminals (roundabout terminals); and Off-Street Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities (not implemented).

Primary programming of HCS7 was done by Vishal Khanapure, Di Xie and Shen Dong (Staff) with major
contributions from Phil Hill and David Hale (Staff); Amrutha Alaparthy, Vivek Chintalapati, Hongda Hu,
Zicheng Huo, Srikrishna Jagarlapudi, Ziyu Ji, Madhurima Nath, Pragna Pasunuri, Neyaz Shafi, Shashank
Soni, Rohit Tolani and Zihua Wei (Students). Signals graphical summary report design was contributed

4  Introduction All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide

by Tom Creasey (Caliper and current HCQSC Chair); Testing was provided by Samantha Taningco
(Staff) and Gustavo de Andrade, Michael Armstrong, Ryan Casburn, Avinash Geda, Tia Lubbers, Megan
McGinley and Daniel Torre (Students).

Substantial contributions to HCS 2010 that have carried forward to HCS7 were made by Jim Fliess,
Charlie Jacks and Charles Porter (Staff); and Andrew Avent, Anindya Chowdhury, Nagendra Dhakar, Ali
Hanes, Divya Kamath, Anna Lai, Akhilesh Mallik, Rohit Manokaran, Robert Mixson, John Pole, Alex
Poling, Michael Riebe, Neha Sharma, Chase Sumair, Jian Sun and Ravi Teja (Students).

The Highway Capacity Manual (© 2016 National Academy of Sciences) is the basis for all capacity and
level of service computations included in HCS. We gratefully acknowledge the Transportation Research
Board (TRB) for all text, exhibits and references included in HCS and express our sincere appreciation for
permission to include this information.

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is the basis for all signal warrant computations
included in HCS. We gratefully acknowledge the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American
Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA), the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) and the
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) for all text, figures and
references included in HCS and express our sincere appreciation for permission to include this
information.

A number of traffic engineers have reviewed the various HCS modules and offered useful suggestions in
their development and enhancement. These "beta-testers" are too numerous to mention individually
here, but their contributions to the HCS and the transportation profession are gratefully acknowledged.

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has continued its enthusiastic support of the HCS and the
Committee on Highway Capacity and Quality of Service of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) has
also given considerable guidance to us in the development, testing and interpretation of the HCS with
respect to the HCM. Without the full support of this committee, the HCS could not enjoy the measure of
success that it has.

Finally, we are also grateful to all of the users who support the "publicly-developed/user-supported"
software concept.

Trademarks and Copyrights

Microsoft(R), MS-DOS(R), and Windows(TM) are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
McTrans(TM), HCS(TM) and TRANSYT-7F(TM) are registered trademarks of the University of Florida.
HCS, HCS7, HCS 2010, HCS+, HSS, TRANSYT-7F, and T7F are copyright University of Florida.
TSIS, CORSIM, NETSIM, FRESIM, TRAFED, TRAFVU, and TShell are copyright University of Florida,
with portions copyright ITT Industries, Inc., Systems Division.

All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide Introduction  5

Getting Started

Getting Started
To begin, click on New File found on the left side of the screen under the Start header. There are two
types of views available in AWSC – Page View (F9) or Full View (F10 and F11). These commands are
also accessible through menu items. Normal Windows keyboard and mouse functions are available. In
Full View, The PgUp and PgDn keys will scroll the entry screen up and down, respectively. In both views,
tabbing, clicking to a new field, or pressing the Enter key will trigger a recalculation and update the Report
pane.
All-Way Stop-Controlled (AWSC) Analysis
All-Way Stop-Controlled (AWSC) intersection analyses will estimate Capacity and Level of Service (LOS)
for a given set of traffic and geometric conditions. This type of analysis is oriented toward the evaluation
of an existing or planned facility. The methodology and procedures of application use the HCM Chapter
21 procedures.
Command Line Operation
This module can be executed from the Command (DOS) line to accommodate batch processing if the
user develops accessible input data sets.
For any file(s) (including If.CalculationEngine.exe) not in the current folder, a path must be specified.
Information about available command prompt features:
/T Command to create text report. Requires name of the xra/xro/xhu/xtw/xaw file.
Example: If.CalculationEngine.exe /T FilePath
/F Command to create text reports for more than one file. Requires path of the folder which contains
the files.
Example: If.CalculationEngine.exe /F FolderPath
/S Command to open a file and save it as a second file. Requires name of the first
xra/xro/xhu/xtw/xaw file.
Example: If.CalculationEngine.exe /S FileOnePath FileTwoPath
/U Command to update xra/xro/xhu/xtw/xaw files to the current version of xro/xtw/xaw files. Requires
path of the folder which contains the files.
Example: If.CalculationEngine.exe /U FolderPath
/? Help Command. Gives information and examples of other command prompt features.

6  Getting Started All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide

General Controls

Menu Items
New – Creates a new AWSC file (*.xaw) and starts a new analysis project; shortcut is Ctrl+N
Open – Opens an existing AWSC file (*.xhu, *.xaw); shortcut is Ctrl+O
Save – Saves an open AWSC file (*.xaw) using the current file name; shortcut is Ctrl+S
Save As… – Saves an open AWSC file (*.xaw) using a specified file name; shortcut is F12
Close – Closes an existing AWSC file (*.xaw); shortcut is Ctrl+W
Print – Brings up printer selection and prints an AWSC report to the printer or specified file type; shortcut
is Ctrl+P
Print Preview – Displays preview of current report before printing; shortcut is Ctrl+F2
View
Page View – Changes the view to display inputs and reports by pages; shortcut is F9
Full View
Report -> Right – Changes the view to display both the input screen and report
simultaneously; the report is displayed on the right portion of the screen; shortcut is F10
Report -> Bottom – Changes the view to display both the input screen and report
simultaneously; the report is displayed on the bottom portion of the screen; shortcut is
F11
Report
Formatted Report – Displays formatted report including the most important values; shortcut is F4
Text Report – Displays text report with all input, intermediary, and final results; shortcut is F6
Default Settings – Opens a dialog box for the user to input defaults for Analyst, Agency, and Jurisdiction,
which will be applied to all new files; shortcut is Alt+F
Help
Contents – Provides access to glossary, acknowledgements, copyrights, and information on the
Chapter 21 procedure; shortcut is Ctrl+F1
Index – Allows user to search for keywords within the glossary
Search – Allows user to search for any word within the Contents
Users Guide – Opens a comprehensive user’s guide in PDF format; shortcut is Ctrl+G

All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide General Controls  7

 HCS Updates - Sends the HCS version number anonymously without any personally identifiable
information to McTrans to check for a newer version
HCM/HCS Training – Opens the McTrans Training Page in the default web browser to view the
latest training opportunities
HCSQ Web Page – Opens the TRB Highway Capacity and Quality of Service Committee page in
the default web browser
Support
Frequently Asked Questions – Opens the McTrans FAQ page for HCS in the default
web browser
HCS on the Web – Opens the McTrans HCS Overview page in the default web browser
McTrans on the Web – Opens the McTrans home page in the default web browser
Email McTrans – Composes a new e-mail addressed to McTrans in the default e-mail
client with registration number, module, and version number already populated in the
Subject field
About HCS7 – General acknowledgements, email McTrans dialog and links to McTrans Home
and HCS pages
CORSIM
View Animation – Sends data to the CORSIM program for simulation and/or animation
purposes, TRAFVU will open to allow user to view animation; shortcut is Ctrl+Shift+A
Generate TRF File – Saves an open AWSC file (*.xaw) as a CORSIM file (*.trf), which is a file
that contains the input data used to define a CORSIM network and to drive the CORSIM
simulation for a single simulation; shortcut is Ctrl+Shift+T
Exit – Exits the HCS7 AWSC module; shortcut is Alt+F4

8  General Controls All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide

All-Way Stop-Controlled
Intersections

HCM Chapter 21
The procedure in this chapter can be used to analyze the capacity and level of service, lane
requirements, and effects of traffic and design features of all-way stop-controlled (AWSC) intersections.

The procedure for AWSC intersections with one or two lane approaches is addressed in Part 3 of this
chapter. The procedure for three lane approaches is addressed in Part 4 of this chapter, but also
references supplemental material in Part 4 of Chapter 32. Example problems that demonstrate the
calculations and results achieved by applying the procedures are found in Part 5 of Chapter 32.

LIMITATIONS OF THE METHODOLOGY

All of the methods are for steady-state conditions (i.e., the demand and capacity conditions are constant
during the analysis period); the methods are not designed to evaluate how fast or how often the facility
transitions from one demand/capacity state to another. Analysts interested in that kind of information
should consider applying simulation models.

Operational Data
First, the user enters the Project Properties into the respective fields: Analyst, Agency or Company, Date
Performed, Time Analyzed, Jurisdiction, Analysis Year, and Project Description. Then, the user enters the
Intersection Data into the respective fields: Intersection, East/West Street Name, North/South Street
Name, Analysis Time Period (normally 15 minutes, to represent the length of time the peak flow is
constant), and Peak Hour Factor.
Note: Hovering over numeric input fields will display the allowable range for that input.
Next, the user codes the lane configurations and traffic characteristics. The total number of lanes per
approach is limited to three by the HCM methodology.
The Volume for each movement of the intersection is coded in vehicles per hour. An hourly volume is
required for any movement to be included in the analysis.
When there is a thru lane(s) coded along-side a shared left-thru or shared thru-right lane, the Percent
Thrus Using Shared Lane field is activated. The user must enter this value to provide for the traffic split
for the lanes.
Note: The Percent Heavy Vehicles input is coded by lane and should not be entered by movement.

All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections  9

Results
Level of Service Criteria for Unsignalized Intersections from HCM Exhibit 21-8 in Control Delay per
Vehicle (sec):
LOS A 0 – 10
LOS B >10 – 15
LOS C >15 – 25
LOS D >25 – 35
LOS E >35 – 50
LOS F >50
Note: For individual lane evaluation, if any v/c ratio exceeds 1.0, the LOS assigned is F. However, for
evaluation at the approach and intersection level, v/c ratio is not considered and LOS is defined only by
control delay values.

AWSC Report
The formatted version of the AWSC report is the default report view. The user may easily view the text
report instead by clicking the Switch to Formatted Report button found at the bottom of the formatted
report. The report updates dynamically based on changes to input values.
Note: In the formatted report, only the first two fields in Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments (Volume and %
Thrus in Shared Lane) pertain to movements, as denoted by L, T or R. All subsequent fields pertain to the
lane being analyzed, as denoted by L1, L2 or L3. LOS is also reported per lane. Similarly in the text
report, only the fields in Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments pertain to movements, as denoted by L, T, or
R. All other fields refer to the lane being analyzed, as denoted by L1, L2 or L3.
All or a portion of the report can be copied to the Windows clipboard for insertion into other files by right-
clicking into the Report pane and selecting Copy or by using keyboard shortcuts Ctrl+C or Ctrl+A to select
all. The Report pane can also be printed or saved to a PDF or XPS by using menu items to access Print
or by using keyboard shortcut Ctrl+P.
Note: Due to the iterative nature of the AWSC procedure, it is recommended to stay in Page View if the
user is making multiple edits to the input fields.

10  All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide

Glossary of Terms

Agency
This field is provided to document the agency or company associated with this analysis or project.

Analysis Time Period

The length of time (T) the peak flow remains constant (usually 0.25 hours) and is used in the delay
equations. If v/c exceeds 0.90, control delay may be significantly affected by the value of T. The range is
0.25 hrs to 3.00 hours. The default is 0.25 hours.

Analysis Year
This field is provided to document the year for which the analysis is being performed.

Analyst
The field is provided to document the individual performing the analysis.

Capacity
Capacity is the maximum hourly rate at which persons or vehicles can be reasonably expected to
traverse a point or uniform segment of a lane or roadway during a given time period under prevailing
roadway, traffic, and roadway conditions.

Control Delay
Control Delay is the portion of total delay attributed to traffic control measures, either traffic signals or stop
signs.

Date Performed
The date will default to the computer's date, but may be edited. The format of the date is determined by
the user's 'Short date style' preferences (regional setting icon on the Control Panel).

All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide Glossary of Terms  11

Delay
The difference between the travel time actually experienced and the reference travel time that would
result during conditions with ideal geometric and in the absence of incidents, control, and traffic.

East/West Street Name

The name of the east/west intersecting street is coded to document the intersection being analyzed.

Intersection
The name of the intersection, usually defined by the two intersecting streets, is coded to document the
intersection being analyzed and will be printed on the report.

Jurisdiction
The field is provided to document any jurisdiction convention or project related information.

Lanes
Lanes is a graphic data entry screen for coding lane configuration data. Lane combinations can be
selected by clicking on the appropriate arrows to place them on the central diagram for each approach.
Clicking on an arrow on the central diagram will remove it. As arrows are selected, others may become
disabled as appropriate.
Note: As stipulated in the HCM methodology, each approach can have up to three lanes.

Level of Service (LOS)

A level of service is a letter designation that describes a range of operating conditions on a particular type
of facility. Six levels of service are defined, using the letters A through F. Level of service A represents the
best level of service, and generally describes operation of free flow and very low delay. Level of service F
represents the worst operating conditions.

Movement Volume
The value of movement volume is a number between 0 and 9999 vph. The default value is 0 vph.

Peak-Hour Factor
The peak-hour factor (PHF) is entered for each movement to compute peak flow rates.

Percent Heavy Vehicles

The percentage of heavy vehicles is entered for each movement in TWSC and for each lane in AWSC.
This value is used in the calculation of critical gap and follow-up time in TWSC and headway adjustment
in AWSC.

Percent Thrus Using Shared Lane

When there is a shared left-thru or shared thru-right lane coded beside a thru lane(s), this field is
activated to provide for the percentage traffic split.

12  Glossary of Terms All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide

Project Description
This field is provided for the user to document the analysis with any information for identification
purposes.

Queue Length
Queue Length is the number of vehicles in queue.

Traffic Volume
The hourly volumes (V) for each movement are coded in vehicles per hour (vph).

v/c Ratio
The V/C Ratio is the volume capacity ratio, which is the volume of one movement (or shared-lane
movements) divided by the movement capacity of the movement (or shared-lane movements).

All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide Glossary of Terms  13

 Help 7

I
Intersection 12

Index Introduction 1

J
Jurisdiction 12

L
Lanes 12
Level of Service (LOS) 12
License Agreement 1
A Limitations 6

Acknowledgements 4
M
Agency 11
All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections 9 Menu Items 7
Analysis Time Period 11 Movement Volume 12
Analysis Year 11
Analyst 11 N
AWSC Report 10
New 7
C
O
Capacity 11
Close 7 Open 7
Command Line Operation 6 Operational Data 8
Control Delay 11
CORSIM 8 P
Peak-Hour Factor 12
D Percent Heavy Vehicles 12
Date Performed 11 Percent Thrus Using Shared Lane 12
Delay 12 Print 7
Project Description 13
E
Q
East/West Street Name 12
Exit 8 Queue Length 13

F S
File 7 Save 7

G T
General Controls 7 Trademarks and Copyrights 5
Getting Started 6 Traffic Volume 13
Glossary of Terms 11
V
H v/c Ratio 13
HCM Chapter 21 9

All-Way Stop Controlled Intersections Users Guide Index  15