100 important terminologies in Medical Surgical Nursing

1. Anemia: A condition characterized by a low level of red blood cells in the

blood, leading to a decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity.
2. Angina: Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
3. Arteriosclerosis: Hardening and narrowing of the arteries, which can increase
the risk of heart attack and stroke.
4. Asthma: A chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and
narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, and
coughing.
5. Atherosclerosis: The build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries,
which can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
6. Atrial fibrillation: An irregular heart rhythm caused by rapid and chaotic
electrical activity in the atria.
7. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to cough, mucus
production, and shortness of breath.
8. Cardiac arrest: Sudden cessation of the heart's ability to pump blood.
9. Cardiac output: The amount of blood the heart pumps per minute.
10. Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscle that affects its ability to pump
blood effectively.
11. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA): A stroke caused by interruption of blood flow
to the brain.
12. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A chronic respiratory disease
characterized by progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction, including
emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
13. Colitis: Inflammation of the colon, leading to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
rectal bleeding.
14. Comorbidity: The presence of multiple medical conditions in a single patient.
15. Congestive heart failure (CHF): A condition in which the heart is unable to
pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to fluid accumulation in
the lungs and other organs.
16. Constipation: Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.
17. Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder, leading to pain or discomfort during
urination, frequent urination, and cloudy or bloody urine.
18. Dehydration: An excessive loss of body fluid, leading to thirst, dry mouth, and
decreased urine output.
19. Dementia: A decline in cognitive function, including memory, language, and
problem-solving abilities, that affects a person's ability to perform daily
activities.
20. Diabetes Mellitus: A chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated
levels of glucose in the blood due to insulin deficiency or resistance.
21. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): A life-threatening complication of uncontrolled
diabetes characterized by high levels of glucose, ketones, and acid in the
blood.
22. Diabetic Neuropathy: A condition in which nerve damage occurs as a result of
uncontrolled diabetes.
23. Dialysis: A medical procedure used to remove waste products from the blood
in patients with kidney failure.
24. Diverticulitis: Inflammation of pouches in the colon wall, leading to abdominal
pain, bloating, and constipation.
25. Emphysema: A type of COPD characterized by destruction of the alveoli,
leading to air trapping and decreased oxygen exchange.
26. Endocarditis: Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, typically caused by
bacterial infection.
27. Enuresis: Incontinence of urine , typically in children during the night.
28. Eructation: Belching or burping.
29. Erythema: Redness of the skin, often due to increased blood flow.
30. Exacerbation: A worsening of a medical condition.
31. Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance: An imbalance of fluids and electrolytes in the
body, which can affect the functioning of cells, tissues, and organs.
32. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, leading to abdominal pain,
nausea, and vomiting.
33. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A condition in which stomach
contents flow back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other
symptoms.
34. Glaucoma: A condition in which increased pressure in the eye damages the
optic nerve, leading to vision loss.
35. Heart Block: A condition in which the electrical signals that control the
heartbeat are delayed or blocked, leading to a slow or irregular heartbeat.
36. Hematuria: Blood in the urine.
37. Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood.
38. Hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding.
39. Hypertension: High blood pressure.
40. Hypotension: Low blood pressure.
41. Hyperglycemia: Elevated levels of glucose in the blood.
42. Hypoglycemia: Low levels of glucose in the blood.
43. Hypertension: High blood pressure.
44. Hypoxia: Low levels of oxygen in the body.
45. Incontinence: The inability to control urination or defecation.
46. Infarction: The death of tissue due to a lack of blood flow.
47. Inflammation: A complex biological response to injury or infection,
characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
48. Ischemia: A reduction in blood flow to a part of the body.
49. Ileus: A blockage of the intestine, leading to abdominal distension and
constipation.
50. Infection: The invasion and multiplication of pathogens in the body.
51. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A group of chronic diseases that cause
inflammation of the digestive tract, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's
disease.
52. Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
53. Intubation: The insertion of a breathing tube through the mouth or nose into
the trachea.
54. Jaundice: A yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin
in the blood.
55. Ketoacidosis: The accumulation of ketones in the blood, leading to acidosis.
56. Laboratory Values: Measurements of various substances in the blood, urine,
or other bodily fluids, used to diagnose and monitor medical conditions.
57. Metabolic Acidosis: A condition in which the body produces too much acid or
fails to excrete enough acid, leading to a lowering of the pH of the blood.
58. Metabolic Alkalosis: A condition in which the body produces too little acid or
excretes too much acid, leading to a raising of the pH of the blood.
59. Myocardial Infarction (MI): A heart attack, caused by a sudden interruption of
blood flow to the heart muscle.
60. Nausea: The sensation of wanting to vomit.
61. Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys, leading to damage to the kidney tissue
and potential kidney failure.
62. Neuropathy: Damage to the nerves, leading to loss of sensation, muscle
weakness, and other symptoms.
63. Osteoporosis: A condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile,
leading to an increased risk of fractures.
64. Ostomy: A surgical procedure to create an artificial opening in the body, such
as a colostomy or ileostomy.
65. Ovarian Cyst: A fluid-filled sac in the ovary.
66. Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas, leading to abdominal pain,
nausea, and vomiting.
67. Peptic Ulcer Disease: Ulcers in the lining of the stomach or small intestine.
68. Pericarditis: Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart, leading to chest
pain and other symptoms.
69. Peritonitis: Inflammation of the tissue lining the abdomen, leading to severe
abdominal pain and other symptoms.
70. Pleural Effusion: The accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, the space
between the lungs and chest wall.
71. Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs, caused by infection.
72. Polyneuropathy: A condition in which multiple nerves are affected, leading to
a variety of symptoms.
73. Portal Hypertension: Elevated pressure in the portal vein, which carries blood
from the gut to the liver.
74. Preeclampsia: A pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood
pressure and protein in the urine.
75. Pressure Ulcer: A type of skin injury that occurs when prolonged pressure is
applied to an area of the skin, cutting off blood flow.
76. Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland.
77. Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage of an artery in the lung, caused by a blood
clot.
78. Renal Failure: The inability of the kidneys to function properly, leading to the
buildup of waste products in the blood.
79. Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nose, leading to symptoms such as nasal
congestion, runny nose, and sneezing.
80. Sepsis: A life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an
infection, leading to widespread inflammation and potential organ failure.
81. Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses, leading to symptoms such as nasal
congestion, headache, and facial pain.
82. Sleep Apnea: A condition in which breathing stops and starts repeatedly
during sleep, leading to frequent waking and poor quality sleep.
83. Spinal Cord Injury: Damage to the spinal cord, leading to loss of sensation,
movement, and other symptoms.
84. Stroke: A sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to loss of
brain function.
85. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A chronic autoimmune disease that
affects multiple organs and systems in the body.
86. Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein, often due to a blood clot.
87. Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel.
88. TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack): A temporary interruption of blood flow to the
brain, leading to symptoms such as sudden weakness or numbness on one
side of the body.
89. Tonic-Clonic Seizure: A type of seizure characterized by muscle stiffness,
jerking movements, and loss of consciousness.
90. Tracheostomy: A surgical procedure to create an opening in the trachea,
typically to assist with breathing.
91. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): An infection of the urinary tract, including the
bladder, ureters, and kidneys.
92. Urologic Disorders: Disorders affecting the urinary tract and genital organs,
such as incontinence, enlarged prostate, and bladder control issues.
93. Vasculitis: Inflammation of blood vessels, leading to damage and potential
blockage of blood flow.
94. Ventricular Tachycardia: Rapid heartbeats originating from the ventricles,
leading to decreased blood flow and other symptoms.
95. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP): Pneumonia that occurs in patients
who are on mechanical ventilation.
96. Ventricular Fibrillation: Rapid, chaotic heartbeats originating from the
ventricles, leading to sudden cardiac arrest.
97. Wound Care: The management and treatment of wounds, including the use of
dressings and topical agents to promote healing.
98. X-Linked Recessive Inheritance: A pattern of inheritance in which a gene on
the X chromosome causes a disorder that is passed from mothers to their
male offspring.
99. Zoonotic Diseases: Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans,
such as rabies and Lyme disease.
100. Zygomatic Fracture: A fracture of the zygomatic bone, which is located
in the cheekbone.