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Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 11

Quarter 3 – Module 12: Distinguishing Facts from Opinions
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

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OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

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 11
Introduction of Philosophy of the
Human Person

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 12
Distinguishing Fact from
Opinion
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person

Grade 11 Self-Learning Module on Distinguishing Facts from Opinion !

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person Self-

Learning Module on Distinguishing Facts from Opinions !

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 In this lesson, the students are expected to distinguish fact from
opinion.

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a careful and systematic approach to a problem.

a. Critical Thinking c. Truth
b. Philosophy d. Wisdom

2. A belief, attitude, or judgment based on grounds that are insufficient to

produce absolute certainty.
a. Critical Thinking c. Truth
b. Opinion d. Wisdom

3. Important tools in distinguishing facts from opinion.

a. beliefs and attitudes c. logic and critical thinking
b. opinion and assumptions d. information and evidences

4. A statement that can be proven true.

a. Critical thinking c. Opinion
b. Facts d. Wisdom

5. Critical thinking involves the following EXCEPT;

a. arriving at reasonable and informed conclusions
b. willingness to change one’s point of view
c. willingness to admit ignorance
d. rejects examining problems

To recall the previous lesson, cite at least five (5) forms of fallacies.

1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________
 4. ______________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________

Distinguishing Fact from Opinion

Philosophy is an organized body of knowledge. Its subject matter is

questions which have three general characteristics:

1. Philosophical questions have answers which remain in dispute.

2. Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense,
or faith.
3. Philosophical questions are perennial intellectual interest to human
beings.

The most common method that philosophers use to address

philosophical questions is critical thinking. Critical thinking involves careful,
reflective, rational and systematic approach to questions that have a degree
of universality, and is used to distinguish fact from opinion.

Logic and critical thinking are important tools in distinguishing facts

from opinion. An opinion can be a belief, attitude, or judgment based on
grounds that are insufficient to produce absolute certainty. On the other
hand, a fact expresses an actual state of affairs. The use of critical thinking
leads to an intellectual attitude of demanding evidence while rationally
assessing the logical claim. This is important to evaluate facts and opinions.

According to Maboloc and Pascua (2008), critical thinking involves the

following:

e. defining, analyzing, and devising solutions;

f. arriving at reasonable and informed conclusions;
g. applying understanding and knowledge to new and different problems;
h. willingness to change one’s point of view;
i. continually examining and re-examining ideas; and
j. willingness to admit ignorance

On the other hand, the following are some of the common characteristics
of a critical thinker:

a. looks for evidence to support assumption and belief;

b. adjusts opinions in the face of new evidence
c. demands proofs
 d. examines problems
e. rejects irrelevant and incorrect information

Direction: Identify whether the sentence is fact or opinion.

1. Shiela believes that Anne is pregnant because the latter is growing in size.
2. According to recent findings, taking glutathione may improve lung condition.
3. Teacher believes that covid-19 is hoax created multinational
pharmaceuticals to get more money.
4. The People Power Revolution in Edsa, Philippines occurred in 1986.
5. Dogs are mammals.

To wrap up the lesson, write in your notebook five (5) biggest lies you have
heard of, and explain how you used critical thinking to debunk them.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Critical thinking is an indispensable tool that we should use when confronted

with problems. It is a lifelong process of self-assessment that we can all benefit
from. In your notebook, write five (5) daily problems that we can solve by using
critical thinking.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a careful and systematic approach to a problem.

c. Critical Thinking c. Truth
d. Philosophy d. Wisdom

2. When Carl told Peter that shamans are real medical experts, Peter politely asked
him to show evidence. What characteristic did Peter show in this situation?
a. Looks for evidence c. Examines the problem
b. Adjusts opinion d. Rejects incorrect information

3. There is a growing concern in Peter’s barangay about residents recklessly

throwing their garbage on the side road. Peter decides to make his high school
research about this social problem in order to look at it more deeply. What
characteristic did Peter show?
b. Looks for evidence c. Examines the problem
c. Adjusts opinion d. Rejects incorrect information

4. Carl used to believe that ghosts exist until Peter showed him a great deal of
research that proves otherwise. Carl then changed his mind. What attribute is
being demonstrated?
c. Looks for evidence c. Examines the problem
d. Adjusts opinion d. Rejects incorrect information

5. During class, a classmate told Carl and Peter that Aristotle was Alaxender’s
father. Fascinated, the two students went to the library to get confirmation, only to
discover that the classmate was wrong. Carl and Peter both rejected the
information from their classmate. What is being demonstrated?
a. Looks for evidence c. Examines the problem
b. Adjusts opinion d. Rejects incorrect information
 D 5. F 5. 5. D
B 4. F 4. 4. B
C 3. O 3. 3. C
B 2. O 2. 2. A
A 1. O 1. 1. A
PRE TEST ACTIVITY POST TEST

References

C. Ramos. 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Manila. Rex Book
Store Inc.