Scribd
Upload
75 views

Experiment 2 - Classes and Changes in Matter

This document provides instructions for a laboratory activity to differentiate between classes of matter (elements, compounds, mixtures) and types of changes in matter (physical, chemical). Students will observe the properties of substances before and after changes to determine if they are physical or chemical. Experiments include heating sulfur and magnesium, mixing and separating components of mixtures, dissolving and evaporating salt and sugar, subliming iodine, and performing chemical reactions like decomposition, synthesis, and double displacement. Wastes are to be disposed of properly according to laboratory safety guidelines.

Uploaded by

Laurrence Capindian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
75 views

Experiment 2 - Classes and Changes in Matter

This document provides instructions for a laboratory activity to differentiate between classes of matter (elements, compounds, mixtures) and types of changes in matter (physical, chemical). Students will observe the properties of substances before and after changes to determine if they are physical or chemical. Experiments include heating sulfur and magnesium, mixing and separating components of mixtures, dissolving and evaporating salt and sugar, subliming iodine, and performing chemical reactions like decomposition, synthesis, and double displacement. Wastes are to be disposed of properly according to laboratory safety guidelines.

Uploaded by

Laurrence Capindian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2: Classes of and Changes in Matter Page

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2

CLASSES OF AND CHANGES IN MATTER


INTRODUCTION

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It can be classified
according to the following division:

Matter

Mixtures Pure Subtance

Homogeneous Heterogenous Elements Compound

A pure substance can either be an element or a compound. An element is a


substance that is composed of only the kind of atom while a compound is composed of
two or more elements chemically combined in definite and constant proportions.
Most substances found in nature are generally impure; that is, they are part of a
mixture. A mixture is a physical combination of two or more pure substances in varying
proportions. It may either be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixture
has a system which has the same properties and composition throughout the
component. Heterogeneous mixture consists of distinct regions having different
properties from one another.
Substances around us are subject to change. This change can either be physical
or chemical in nature. A physical change involves change in physical properties but not
in chemical composition. This does not result to formation of a new substance. A
chemical change, on the other hand, is one which one or more new substances are
produced after a chemical reaction.

OBJECTIVES

A. To be able to differentiate substances and mixtures


B. To be able to enumerate the difference between physical and chemical change
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2: Classes of and Changes in Matter Page

MATERIALS NEEDED

 TO BE PROVIDED BY THE STUDENTS

Distilled water 2x2 inch Sand Paper (Grit size: 220)


1g Sand 1g Table sugar

 PROVIDED BY THE LABORATORY

o Glasswares/Apparatus

4 Test tubes 1 Test tube rack


1 Test tube brush 1 Test tube holder
2 Beakers (100 mL) 2 Evaporating dish
1 Stirring rod 1 Bunsen burner
1 Tripod 1 Wire gauze
1 Crucible tong 1 Pipette
1 Aspirator 1 Dropper
1 Spatula 1 Thermometer
1 Funnel 1 Graduated cylinder
1 Mortar 1 Pestle

o Reagents

Sulfur Mg ribbon
Moth ball Table salt
NaHCO3 Dilute HCl
Iron pellets 1 M NaOH
1 M FeCl3 H2O2

PROCEDURE

Classes of Matter

A. Elements and Compounds


1. Observe the color, odor and physical state of 0.5 g sulfur.
2. Heat the sulfur in an evaporating dish and compare its properties with that of unheated
sulfur.
3. Clean a piece of Mg ribbon with a sand paper and observe its physical properties like
color, shape and luster.
4. Ignite the Mg ribbon and compare the properties of the product formed (MgO) with
that of un-ignited Mg ribbon.

B. Mixtures
1. Using a mortar and pestle, grind and mix thoroughly 0.25g moth ball and 0.5g table salt.
Observe the color and physical state of the mixture.
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2: Classes of and Changes in Matter Page

2. Add about 0.5g sand and mix as uniformly as possible. Observe the properties of the
second mixture and compare then with the first. Which of these two is homogeneous?
Heterogeneous?

C. Separation of the Components of a Mixture


1. Transfer the mixture obtained from procedure B into a beaker.
2. Add 30 mL of distilled water and mix.
3. Decant the solution into an evaporating dish to separate the solid particles that settle at
the bottom of the beaker. Observe the different substances and compare their
properties before and after mixing.
4. Place an inverted funnel to cover the evaporating dish.
5. Heat gradually and observe the particles deposited on the walls of the funnel.
6. Remove the funnel and heat strongly the remaining solution to dryness.
7. Observe the color of the residue. Feel it on your hands.

Physical and Chemical Change


D. Salt and Sugar
1. Dissolve 0.5g salt in 2mL distilled water.
2. Transfer the solution in an evaporating dish and evaporate the solvent.
3. Cool and observe the residue.
4. Repeat steps 1 to 3, but this time using 0.5g table sugar.
E. Iodine Crystal
1. Place 1 to 2 crystals of iodine in an evaporating dish.
2. Cover the dish with an inverted funnel and heat for a few seconds using low flame so
that the vapor will not escape the funnel.
3. Cool and observe the residue on the sides of the funnel and compare this with the un
heated iodine. Is it physical or chemical change?
F. Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
1. Place 2mL of HCl solution in a test tube.
2. Add a pinch of NaHCO3 and observe. Is the change physical or chemical?

Types of Chemical Change


G. Synthesis
1. Hold a piece of Mg ribbon with a crucible tong and the ignite it. Observe what happens
H. Decomposition
1. Transfer 2 mL of H2O2 in a test tube and observe what happens.
I. Displacement or Substitution
1. Place 2 mL of HCl solution in a test tube.
2. Drop a granule of iron in the solution and observe.
J. Double Displacement or Metathesis
1. Place 1 mL of NaOH solution in a test tube.
2. Add 1 mL of FeCl3 and observe.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

A. All wastes generated from this experiment must be placed at the Inorganic waste
container.

You might also like