SOME EXAMPLES OF ALL TYPES

1. The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption.

(Note: I'm ignoring the forecast and treating 2012 as a past year)

The line graph shows changes in the consumption of beef, pork, broilers and turkey in the
United States between 1955 and 2012.
It is noticeable that beef was by far the most popular of the four types of meat during the 57-
year period. However, a considerable rise can be seen in the consumption of broilers, with
figures eventually surpassing those for beef.
Between 1955 and 1976, US beef consumption rose from around 60 to a peak of 90 pounds per
person per year. During the same period, consumption of broilers also rose, to nearly 30
pounds per person, while the figures for pork fluctuated between 50 and 40 pounds per person.
Turkey was by far the least popular meat, with figures below 10 pounds per capita each year.
By 2012, the amount of beef consumed by the average American had plummeted to around 50
pounds, but the consumption of broilers had doubled since the 1970s, to approximately 55
pounds per capita. By contrast, there were no significant changes in the trends for pork and
turkey consumption over the period as a whole.
Trước năm 2012
2. The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in
the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.

Here's my suggested outline for a 4-paragraph report:

3.Introduction: rewrite the question statement in your own words.
4.Overview: point out which category was highest in each year, which was lowest, and
which saw the biggest changes.
5.Details: compare the 3 categories in 1995, then say what happened up until 1999.
6.Details: notice what happened to local calls from 1999 onwards, and contrast this with
the other 2 categories. Finish with a comparison of the figures in 2002.

The bar chart compares the amount of time spent by people in the UK on three different types
of phone call between 1995 and 2002.
It is clear that calls made via local, fixed lines were the most popular type, in terms of overall
usage, throughout the period shown. The lowest figures on the chart are for mobile calls, but
this category also saw the most dramatic increase in user minutes.
In 1995, people in the UK used fixed lines for a total of just over 70 billion minutes for local calls,
and about half of that amount of time for national or international calls. By contrast, mobile
phones were only used for around 4 billion minutes. Over the following four years, the figures
for all three types of phone call increased steadily.
By 1999, the amount of time spent on local calls using landlines had reached a peak at 90
billion minutes. Subsequently, the figure for this
category fell, but the rise in the other two types of phone call continued. In 2002, the number of
minutes of national / international landline calls passed 60 billion, while the figure for mobiles
rose to around 45 billion minutes.
(197 words, band 9)

Typical writing task 1 collocations:

 amount of time
 the time spent on
 in terms of
 throughout the period
 the period shown
 a dramatic increase in
 increased steadily
 reached a peak
 the figure for
 the rise in
Collocations related to the 'phone calls' topic:
 local calls
 national calls
 international calls
 fixed line / landline calls
 mobile calls
 overall usage
 user minutes

 visitors' responses (correct use of apostrophe for possessive plural)

 hotel guests (compound noun)
 hotel's visitors (first noun with possessive)
 rated... as... (correct use of verb 'rate' with 'as')
 gave this rating (noun 'rating' used with correct verb 'give')
 a clear majority (good collocation)
 Looking at the positive responses first,... (grouping information)
 With regard to negative feedback,... (new paragraph and grouping)
 considered... to be... (correct use of verb 'consider' with 'to be')
 reflects the fact that (good phrase used in correct context)
 3. The charts below show the results of a questionnaire that asked visitors to the
Parkway Hotel how they rated the hotel's customer service. The same
questionnaire was given to 100 guests in the years 2005 and 2010.

The pie charts compare visitors’ responses to a survey about customer service at the
Parkway Hotel in 2005 and in 2010.
It is clear that overall customer satisfaction increased considerably from 2005 to 2010.
While most hotel guests rated customer service as satisfactory or poor in 2005, a clear
majority described the hotel’s service as good or excellent in 2010.
-Looking at the positive responses first, in 2005 only 5% of the hotel’s visitors rated its
customer service as excellent, but this figure

rose to 28% in 2010. Furthermore, while only 14% of guests described customer service in
the hotel as good in 2005, almost three times as many people gave this rating five years
later.
With regard to negative feedback, the proportion of guests who considered the hotel’s
customer service to be poor fell from 21% in 2005 to only 12% in 2010. Similarly, the
proportion of people who thought customer service was very poor dropped from 15% to
only 4% over the 5-year period. Finally, a fall in the number of ‘satisfactory’ ratings in
2010 reflects the fact that more people gave positive responses to the survey in that year.
4. The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled coffee and
bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five European countries.

*Fairtrade: a category of products for which farmers from developing countries

have been paid an officially agreed fair price.

ANSWER:

The tables show the amount of money spent on Fairtrade coffee and bananas in
two separate years in the UK, Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium and Sweden.

It is clear that sales of Fairtrade coffee rose in all five European countries from
1999 to 2004, but sales of Fairtrade bananas only went up in three out of the five
countries. Overall, the UK saw by far the highest levels of spending on the two
products.

In 1999, Switzerland had the highest sales of Fairtrade coffee, at €3 million,

while revenue from Fairtrade bananas was highest in the UK, at €15 million. By
2004, however, sales of Fairtrade coffee in the UK had risen to €20 million, and
 this was over three times higher than Switzerland’s sales figure for Fairtrade
coffee in that year. The year 2004 also saw dramatic increases in the money
spent on Fairtrade bananas in the UK and Switzerland, with revenues rising by
€32 million and €4.5 million respectively.

Sales of the two Fairtrade products were far lower in Denmark, Belgium and
Sweden. Small increases in sales of Fairtrade coffee can be seen, but revenue
remained at €2 million or below in all three countries in both years. Finally, it is
noticeable that the money spent on Fairtrade bananas actually fell in Belgium
and Sweden.

5. The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and
water consumption in two different countries.

ANSWER:
The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture, industry and homes around
the world, and water use in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
It is clear that global water needs rose significantly between 1900 and 2000, and that
agriculture accounted for the largest proportion of water used. We can also see that water
consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the Congo.
In 1900, around 500km³ of water was used by the agriculture sector worldwide. The
figures for industrial and domestic water consumption stood at around one fifth of that
amount. By 2000, global water use for agriculture had increased to around 3000km³,
industrial water use had risen to just under half that amount, and domestic consumption
had reached approximately 500km³.
In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million and 5.2 million
respectively. Water consumption per person in Brazil, at 359m³, was much higher than
that in the Congo, at only 8m³, and this could be explained by the fact that Brazil had 265
times more irrigated land.
(184 words, band 9)

6. PROCESS:

ANSWER:

- INTRO:
The illustration demonstrates how bricks are produced.

- OVERVIEW:
 Overall, it is a 7 stage, man-made, linear process. It begins with
clay,water and sand being added as raw materials and finally results in
bricks being delivered.

- BODY 1:
First of all, an excavator digs out clay from the ground and places it on a
metal grid where it passes over a rolling machine in order to separate out
small and big pieces. After that, sand and water are added and this is either
added to a mould or cut by a wire to produce bricks.
- BODY 2:
Following that, they are placed in an oven so that they can dry and are
subsequently exposed to two different stages of heat in turn between 200-
980 degrees Celsius in the first stage and 870-1300 degrees Celsius in the
second stage. From this, the bricks are cooled in a cooling chamber for
two to three days before they are packaged and then placed on a truck so
that they can be transported.

7. MAP

The maps below show the centre of a small town called Islip as it is now,
and plans for its development.
The diagrams illustrate some proposed changes to the central area of the town of Islip.
It is clear that the principal change to the town will be the construction of a ring road around the
centre. Various other developments with regard to shops and housing will accompany the
building of this road.
Looking at the map of Islip as it is now, we can see that a main road runs through its centre
from east to west. The second map shows the planned pedestrianisation of this road. Traffic will
be diverted on to a dual carriageway that will form a ring around the town centre.
Currently there is a row of shops along either side of the main road. However, it appears that
the shops along the north side of the new pedestrian street will be demolished to make way for
a bus station, shopping centre, car park and new housing area. The shops along the south side
of the street will remain, but it seems that the town’s park will be reduced in size so that more
new houses can be built within the ring road.
(187 words, band 9)