29/7/2019

Sectional
Anatomy
DBR 21003

Anatomy

1
29/7/2019

2
29/7/2019

3
 29/7/2019

Types of MRI imaging

 T1WI
 T2WI
 FLAIR
 STIR
 DWI
 MRA
 ADC
 MRV
 GRE
 MRS
 MT
 Post-Gd images

MRI image appearance

The easiest way to identify T1 weighted images

is to look for fluid filled spaces in the body
(e.g. Cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles
and spinal canal, free fluid in the abdomen, fluid
in the gall bladder and common bile duct,
synovial fluid in joints, fluid in the urinary tract
and urinary bladder, oedema or any other
pathological fluid collection in the body).

Fluids normally appear dark in a T1 weighted

image.

4
 29/7/2019

Tissues and their T1 appearance

Bone marrow : - equal to or higher than that of

muscle (fatty marrow is usually bright)
Muscles- gray
Moving blood : - dark
White matter : - whiter
Gray matter : - gray
Fluids : - dark
Bone : - dark
Fat : - bright
Air : - dark

Pathological appearance

Pathological processes normally increase

the water content in tissues.

Due to the added water component this

results in a signal loss on T1 weighted
images and signal increase on T2 weighted
images.

Consequently pathological processes are

usually bright on T2 weighted images and
dark on T1 weighted images.

5
29/7/2019

6
 29/7/2019

T2 image characteristics

When an MRI sequence is set to produce a T2-

weighted image, it is the tissues with long T2
values that produces the highest
magnetization and appear brightest on the
image.

A T2-weighted sequence produces T2 contrast

mainly by de-emphasizing the T1
contributions. This is normally achieved by
using a long repetition time TR (2000-6000ms)
and a long echo time TE (100-150ms).

MRI image appearance

The easiest way to identify T2 weighted images is

to look for fluid filled spaces in the body (e.g.
Cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles and
spinal canal, free fluid in the abdomen, fluid in the
gall bladder and common bile duct, synovial fluid
in joints, fluid in the urinary tract and urinary
bladder, oedema or any other pathological fluid
collection in the body).

Fluids normally appear bright on T2 weighted

images.

7
 29/7/2019

Bone marrow: - equal to or higher than that of muscle (fatty

marrow is usually bright)

Muscles- gray (darker than the muscle signal on T1 images)

Fat – bright (darker than the fat signal on T1 images)

White matter - darker than gray

Moving blood- dark
Gray matter - gray
Fluids – bright
Bone - dark
Air - dark

8
 29/7/2019

CT T1

T2 FLAIR

9
 29/7/2019

MRI BRAIN :AXIAL SECTIONS

. Maxillary
Sinus

. Nasopharynx

Post Contrast sagittal T1 Weighted

M.R.I.
Section at the level of Foramen
. Cervical Cord Magnum

Cisterna Magna

. Mandible

Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

10
 29/7/2019

Orbits

Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd

Internal Jugular VeinM.R.I.
Section at the level of medulla

Sigmoid Sinus
Medulla

Cerebellar Tonsil

Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

Cavernous Sinus

ICA

Basilar Artery
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
Pons M.R.I.
Temporal
IV Ventricle Section at the level of Pons
lobe
IAC
Vermis
MCP
Cerebellar
Hemisphere

Mastoid
Sinus

11
 29/7/2019

Orbits

Frontal
Lobe

Midbrain
Temporal Lobe
Aqueduct of Sylvius
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
M.R.I.
Section at the level of Mid Brain
Occipital Lobe

Middle Cerebral Artery Posterior Cerebral Artery

Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

Sylvian Fissure

Frontal lobe

III Ventricle
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
M.R.I.
SectionIIIatVentricle
the level of the

Occipital Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Fig. 1.5 Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the

brain

12
 29/7/2019

Frontal
Lobe

Frontal Horn
Caudate Nucleus
. Putamen
. Internal Cerebral Vein
Internal Capsule

Choroid Plexus Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd

M.R.I.
Section at the level of Thalamus

Occipital Lobe

Temp Lobe

Thalamus Superior Sagittal Sinus

Fig. 1.6 Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the
brain

Genu of corpus callosum

Choroid plexus within

the
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
body of lateral
M.R.I.
ventricle Section at the level of Corpus
Callosum
Splenium of corpus callosum

13
 29/7/2019

Frontal Lobe

Body of the
Corpus CallosumPost Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
M.R.I.
Section at the level of Body of
Corpus Callosum
Parietal Lobe

Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

Frontal Lobe

Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd

M.R.I.
Section above the Corpus
Callosum
Parietal Lobe

Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

14
 29/7/2019

MRI BRAIN :SAGITTAL SECTIONS

White Matter

Grey Matter

15
 29/7/2019

Parietal Lobe

Frontal Lobe White Matter

Lateral Sulcus Occipital Lobe

Temporal Lobe
Grey Matter

Cerebellum

Gyri of cerebral Sulci of cerebral

cortex Cortex

Frontal
Lobe Temporal
Lobe

Cerebellum

16
 29/7/2019

Parietal Lobe

Frontal Lobe

Occipital
Lobe

Temporal
Lobe

Cerebellum

Parietal Lobe

Frontal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Transverse sinus
Orbit

Cerebellar
Hemisphere

17
 29/7/2019

Precentral Sulcus

Lateral Ventricle

Occipital Lobe

Optic Nerve

Maxillary sinus

Corpus callosum
Thalamus

Caudate
Nucleus

Tentorium
Cerebell

Pons

Tongue

18
 29/7/2019

Thalamus

Genu of Corpus
Callosum
Splenium of
Corpus
callosum
Hypophysis
Midbrain

Ethmoid air
Fourth Ventricle
Cells

Inferior nasal
Concha
Pons

Body of Thalamus
corpus
callosum Splenium of
Corpus
Genu of callosum
corpus
callosum
Superior
Colliculus

Inferior
Colliculus

Nasal Septuml
Pons

Medulla

19
 29/7/2019

Cingulate Gyrus

Splenium of
Genu of corpus Corpus
callosum callosum

Ethmoid
air cells
Fourth Ventricle

Oral cavity

Thalamus
Corpus Callosum

Parietal Lobe
Frontal
Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Cerebellum

Maxillary
Sinus

20
 29/7/2019

Parietal Lobe

Frontal Lobe Lateral Ventricle

Occipital Lobe

Temporal
Lobe

Cerebellum

Parietal Lobe

Frontal Lobe

Lateral Sulcus Middle Temporal

Gyrus
Superior Temporal
Gyrus

Inferior Temporal External Auditory

Gyrus Meatus

21
 29/7/2019

Internal cerebral vein

Superior sagittal sinus
. Bone

Parietal lobe
Inferior sagittal
sinus

Vein of Galen
Corpus callosum
Occipital lobe

Mass
intermedia of
thalamus
Straight sinus

. Vermis
Sphenoid Sinus
. IV ventricle

Cerebellar tonsil

22
 29/7/2019

MRI BRAIN :CORONAL SECTIONS

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Longitudinal
Fissure

Straight Sinus

Sigmoid Sinus

Vermis

23
 29/7/2019

Straight Sinus Lateral Ventricle,

Occipital Horn

Cerebellum

Arachnoid Villi
Falx Cerebri

Lateral Ventricle

Great Cerebral
Vein
Vermis of
Tentorium Cerebellum
Cerebelli
Cerebellum

24
 29/7/2019

Splenium of
Lateral Ventricle
Corpus callosum

Posterior
Internal Cerebral
Cerebral
Vein
Artery
Superior
Tentorium
Cerebellar
Cerebelli
Artery
Fourth Ventricle

Foramen
Magnum

Cingulate Gyrus Corpus Callosum

Choroid Plexus

Superior Colliculus Thalamus

Cerebral Aqueduct Pineal Gland

Vertebral Artery

25
 29/7/2019

Insula
Crus of Fornix

Lateral Sulcus

Cerebral Peduncle
Middle Cerebellar
Peduncle

Olive

Corpus Callosum
Caudate Nucleus
Thalamus
Third Ventricle
Cerebral
Peduncle
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal
Pons
gyrus

26
 29/7/2019

Lateral Ventricle
Body of Fornix

Third Ventricle

Uncus of Temporal
Lobe
Hippocampus
Temporal Horn of
Lateral Ventricle

Internal Capsule
Caudate Nucleus
Insula
Lentiform
Optic Tract Nucleus
Hypothalam
us
Amygdala

Parotid
Gland

27
 29/7/2019

Cingulate Gyrus

Internal Capsule
Caudate
Nucleusa

Optic Nerve Lentiform

Nucleus
Internal
Carottid
Artery

Nasopharyn
x

Superior Sagittal
Sinus
Longitudinal
Fissure

Genu Of
Lateral Corpus
Sulcus Callosum

Temporal
Lobe

Parotid
Gland

28
 29/7/2019

Frontal Lobe

Ethmoid Sinus

Nasal
Septum Nasal
Nasal Turbinate
Cavity
Massetor
Tongue

Frontal Lobe

Medial Rectus
Superior
Rectus
Lateral Inferior
Rectus Rectus
Maxillary
Inferior Sinus
Turbinate Tooth

29
 29/7/2019

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Grey Matter

White Matter

Eye Ball

Maxillary Sinus

Tongue

Frontal lobe

Corpus callosum

Frontal horn
III

Pituitary gland Caudate nucleus

Optic nerve
sp Pituitary stalk

Internal carotid artery

np
Cavernous sinus

Coronal Section of the Brain at the level of Pituitary

gland
Post Contrast Coronal T1 Weighted MRI

30
 29/7/2019

Brain Pathology

Flair Axial T2 Axial T1 Coronal

31
 29/7/2019

T2 Axial Flair Axial

Meningioma
T2 Axial Flair Axial

32
 29/7/2019

Neurocysticercosis

AVM

33
29/7/2019

34