LESSON 3

AGENDA
Using Segmentals of Speech
Diphthong
Uses of Punctuation Marks
DIPHTHONG
3

➢Diphthong is a gliding speech sound (as the

vowel combination at the end of “toy”) that
starts at or near the articulatory position for
one vowel and moves to or toward the
position of another.
DIPHTHONG
4

➢Diphthong is a gliding speech sound (as the

vowel combination at the end of “toy”) that
starts at or near the articulatory position for
one vowel and moves to or toward the
position of another.
➢It is two vowel sounds joined in one syllable
to form one speech sound.
DIPHTHONG
5

➢According to Jones (2000) diphthong is

when the sound is made by gliding from
one vowel position to another.
DIPHTHONG
6

➢According to Jones (2000) diphthong is

when the sound is made by gliding from
one vowel position to another.
➢Diphthongs are represented phonetically by
sequences of two letters, the first showing
the starting point and the second indicating
the direction of movement.
EXAMPLES 7

IPA Symbol Keyword Transcription

[d] day [ deI ]

[t] tide [ taId ]

[k] cloud [klaƱd]

[b] blow [bloƱ]

[s] soil [ sƆIl]

ACTIVITIES
8

A. From the selection, pick out words that contain the following diphthongs. Write them on the
space provided below. Then read all the words you have written.

1. /eI/ - _____________ 4. /oƱ/ - ______________

_____________ ______________
_____________ ______________
2. /aI/ - _____________ 5. /ƆI/ - _______________
their, make, fragrant, my, I, fair,
_____________ ______________ ivy, thousand, gown, shallow,
_____________ ______________ melodies, posies, embroidered,
3. /aƱ/-_____________ made, may, swains, may
_____________
_____________
ACTIVITIES
9

B. Given are some lines taken from poems. Identify the sound of the words in bold face. Write
your answer on the line.

1. And when our gaze grazes over it and moves on, ____________
the dragonfly changes its clothes,
sheds its old skin, shriveled like laundry,
and steps forth, polished black, with two ____________
circles buttoned like epaulettes taking the last space ____________
at the edge if its eye. ____________
From: “The Vanity if the Dragonfly” by Nancy Willard
ACTIVITIES
10

B. Given are some lines taken from poems. Identify the sound of the words in bold face. Write
your answer on the line.

2. Pale ghosts who planted you _________

Came in the nighttime _________
And let their thin hair blow through your clustered stems. _________
From: “Lilacs” by Amy Lowell
ACTIVITIES
11

B. Given are some lines taken from poems. Identify the sound of the words in bold face. Write
your answer on the line.

3. Still is the toiling hand of Care: __________

The panting herds repose:
Yet hark, how thro’ the peopled air __________
The busy murmur glows! __________
From: “ode on the Spring” by Thomas Gray
ACTIVITIES
12

B. Given are some lines taken from poems. Identify the sound of the words in bold face. Write
your answer on the line.

4. He blush’d to himself, and lay still for a while, ________

And his modesty curb’d his desire;
But straight I convince’d all his fear with a smile, ________
Which added new flames to his fire, ________
From: “Song: Calm was the even, and clear was the sky” by John Dryden
ACTIVITIES
13

B. Given are some lines taken from poems. Identify the sound of the words in bold face. Write
your answer on the line.

5. O my lady, my fairest dear, my sweetest, loveliest one _________

Your lips have splashed my dull house _________
with the speech of flowers
My hands are hallowed where they touched over your _________
soft curving.
From: “As We Are So Wonderfully Done with Each Other”
by Kenneth Patchen
THANK YOU
 15

USING
PUNCTUATION
MARKS
CORRECTLY
 16

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Punctuation marks are a set of
symbols with specific rules
for the usage of each type of
punctuation.
PUNCTUATION MARKS
17

1.Comma (,)
PUNCTUATION MARKS
18

1.Comma (,)
2.Period (.)
PUNCTUATION MARKS
19

1.Comma (,)
2.Period (.)
3.Exclamation Point (!)
PUNCTUATION MARKS
20

1.Comma (,)
2.Period (.)
3.Exclamation Point (!)
4.Question Mark (?)
PUNCTUATION MARKS
21

1.Comma (,)
2.Period (.)
3.Exclamation Point (!)
4.Question Mark (?)
5.Semi-colon (;)
PUNCTUATION MARKS
22

1.Comma (,)
2.Period (.)
3.Exclamation Point (!)
4.Question Mark (?)
5.Semi-colon (;)
6.Colon (:)
PUNCTUATION MARKS
23

1.Comma (,)
2.Period (.)
3.Exclamation Point (!)
4.Question Mark (?)
5.Semi-colon (;)
6.Colon (:)
7.Dash (-)
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS
24

1. Comma (,)
A comma is useful when the writer
wants to pause before continuing his
thoughts, add a phrase that does not have
any subject, separate items in a list, or use
more than one adjective.
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS
25

1. Comma (,)
a) A comma is used to represent a
pause.
Example:
However, it is priority to visit
the beautiful places in our
country.
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS 26

Comma (,)
Note that the comma is place after
the word however to indicate that
the speaker or writer should pause
before proceeding to the rest of the
sentence.
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS 27

1. Comma (,)
b) a comma is used to add a phrase
that does not contain any new
subject.
Example:
Her ardent suitor, who works in a bank
as a branch manager, plans to propose
marriage before he turns thirty this year.
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS 28

1. Comma (,)
b) a comma is used to add a phrase
that does not contain any new
subject.
Note that if the phrase or clause were to be
removed, the sentence would still make
sense although there would be a loss
information. Alternatively, two sentences
could be used:
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS
29

1. Comma (,)
b) a comma is used to add a phrase that does not
contain any new subject.
Example:
Her ardent suitor, who works in a bank as a branch
manager, plans to propose marriage before he turns thirty this
year.
Note that if the phrase or clause were to be removed, the
sentence would still make sense although there would be a loss
information. Alternatively, two sentences could be used:
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS 30

The following are the basic punctuation marks that you can use to make your
sentence create and convey clarity in meaning.

1. Comma (,)
b) a comma is used to add a phrase that does not
contain any new subject.
Example:
1. Her ardent suitor plans to propose marriage before
he turns thirty this year.
2. He works in a bank as a branch manager.
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS
31

The following are the basic punctuation marks that you can use to make your
sentence create and convey clarity in meaning.

1. Comma (,)
c) A comma is used to separate items in a list.
Example:
When we went to Lucban, Quezon, we visited
Kamay ni Hesus, San Luis Obispo Parish Church, Batis
Aramin Resort, and Palaisdaan.

The final comma in a list is called a serial comma or an

Oxford comma. It is used for clarity of meaning and consistency of
style.
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS
32

The following are the basic punctuation marks that you can use to make your
sentence create and convey clarity in meaning.

1. Comma (,)
d) A comma is used to separate adjectives.
Example:
My pretty, intelligent, and humble friends is
blessed to have loving parents.

Note that the sentence has a series of adjectives and they

are separated by a comma.
BASIC PUNCTUATION MARKS
33

The following are the basic punctuation marks that you can use to make your
sentence create and convey clarity in meaning.

1. Comma (,)
e) A comma is used to separate two clauses.
Example:
Miguel enjoys watching cartoons, but Bea prefers
Korean novellas.
2.Period (.) 34

A period is always used to end a sentence.

a) A period is used o mean that a point
has been made and that the writer is
about to give further explanations or
a point that is related to the previous.
 35

2.Period (.)
Example:
There are several advantages in living in the
countryside. When it comes to the
environment, the air is fresh and the
surrounding is amazing because of its wide
rice fields, peaceful hills, and clean rivers.
Flower of various types and colors abound.
 36

2. Period (.)
Note that the sentences employed a
period. The first sentence has already
made a point, while the succeeding
sentences further explain the first
sentence.
 37

2. Period (.)
b) A period may also used to
indicate the abbreviation or
commonly used words.
 38

2. Period (.)
b) Example
1) February – Feb.
2. Province – prov.
3. For example – e.g.
4. Pages – pp.
 39

3. Exclamation (!)
It is used to express a strong
feeling within sentence.
 40

3. Exclamation (!)
a) An exclamation point
indicates strong feeling within
a sentence, such as fear, anger,
joy, or love.
 41

3. Exclamation (!)
a) Examples:
1) I love you!
2) I hate you!
3) Oh no!
I enjoyed your joke. Ha! Ha!
 42

3. Exclamation (!)
b) An exclamation point can be
used to indicate a sharp
instruction.
 43

3. Exclamation (!)
b) Examples:
1) Leave me alone!
2) Love yourself first!
 44

3. Exclamation (!)
If there is an exclamation point
at the end of a sentence, there is
no nee to place a period.
 45

4. Question Mark(?)
A question mark is basically
used when a sentence is asking a
question. It us often at the end of a
sentence.
 46

4. Question Mark(?)
Examples:
a) Is your house situated at the
shore?
b) What makes life in the city
exciting?
 47

5. Semi-colon(;)
The semi-colon is considered to
be the hardest punctuation mark
to use correctly.
 48

5. Semi-colon(;)
Avoid using a semi-colon by
changing or writing the additional
information in a new sentences if
you are not sure of it.
 49

5. Semi-colon(;)
a) A semi-colon is used when
joining two connected
sentences.
 50

5. Semi-colon(;)
a) Examples:
1)They went to the mall this
morning; it was already filled
with shoppers.
 51

5. Semi-colon(;)
a) Examples:
2) She was very happy; he did
it because he knew she
would like it.
 52

5. Semi-colon(;)
b) A semi-colon can also be used
to assemble detailed lists.
5. Semi-colon(;) 53

b) Example:
The participants of the seminar came all
the way from Batangas, Quezon,
Laguna; Bulacan, Pampanga, Bataan;
Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental; and
Basilan and Maguindanao.
6. Colon (:) 54

When a colon is found within a

sentence, it implies a pause
between two phrases. There are
two uses of a colon:
6. Colon (:) 55

a) A colon is usually used when

listing.
Example:
They went to the supermarket to
buy the following: cold cuts,
fresh milk, fruits, and vegetables.
6. Colon (:) 56

b) A colon can be used within a

heading, or descriptive title.
Example:
The Reading Comprehension of
First Year College Students: Its
Relationship to Their academic
Performance
7. Dash (-) 57

In written communication,
two kinds of dashes are used.
They are the en dash and the em
dash.
7. Dash (-) 58

a) An en dash (-) is employed in

writing or printing to connect
numbers or elements of a
compound adjective.
7. Dash (-) 59

a) Examples:
1) 2010-2015
2) a hospital-nursing home
connection
3) the post-World War II years
4) pages 25-30
7. Dash (-) 60

b) An em (–) has a more

complicate grammatical use. It
is used to:
1)indicate a break in thought
or sentence structure;
7. Dash (-) 61

b) An em (–) has a more

complicate grammatical use. It
is used to:
2) introduce a phrase added
for emphasis, definition, or
explanation; and
7. Dash (-) 62

b) An em (–) has a more

complicate grammatical use. It
is used to:
3) separate two clause.
7. Dash (-) 63

b)3) separate two clause.

Examples:
1)The people requested to see
the mayor – but the
secretary brought them to
one of the councilors.
7. Dash (-) 64

b)3) separate two clause.

Examples:
2)The tourists were amazed by
the splendid scenery – but
the town people took
advantage of them.