Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

Quarter 4 – Module 5: Finding the Answers to the Research Questions

The following terms will be encountered in the lesson:
• Research data- is any information that has been collected, observed, generated, or created to validate
a research study.
• Data analysis- a process that involves examining, and molding collected data for interpretation to
discover relevant information, draw or propose conclusions, and support decision-making to solve a
research problem.
• Data Interpretation- is the process of making sense of numerical data that has been collected,
analyzed, and presented.
• A Conceptual framework is an analytical tool that is used to get a comprehensive understanding of a
phenomenon. It can be in different fields of work and is most commonly used to visually explain the key
concepts or variables and the relationships between them that need to be studied.
LESSON 5. 1 Interpretation and Data Analysis

What is It
What is Data Analysis in Research?
Data analysis is a way of simplifying numerous and wordy data to a meaningful story and interpreting it
to arrive at an insight to behold. It is a process of converting a multitude of data into a smaller group of
sensible data. Since it is a process, it involves several stages. To start with, data must be organized. The
next step is to summarize and categorize data together. Through data analysis, you can find patterns and
themes to identify and link ideas. Lastly, is to really analyze data from the start to finish, or one may go
backward in analyzing it
Most beginner researchers, find data analysis very tasking and time-consuming. It is very hard to
navigate with data, especially if it entails vague data. However, the end result will fascinate anyone as it
will bring about clear, well-structured, and meaningful data.
Why do we need to analyze data in research?
For a researcher, to tell a story about a problem solved, large-scale data might be too boring for the
spectators. Although they rely mainly on data, it cannot give a clear picture or answer to some
questions. Well-analyzed data will reveal patterns that may be interesting and worth exploring. Through
data analysis, researchers can have a bigger, meaningful, and beautiful picture of data. Organized and
analyzed data can guide the researcher to find patterns and provide shape and beauty to the story they
want to tell. On the other hand, an open-minded researcher must remain unbiased in whatever data is
gathered. Along the way, unexpected patterns, expressions, and results may arise. Remember that data
analysis can sometimes reveal the most unexpected yet intriguing stories that were not anticipated at
the time of data collection. As a result, trust the information you have and enjoy the voyage of
exploratory investigation.
Data analysis in qualitative and quantitative research
Qualitative data analysis usually involves texts, phrases, images, objects, and sometimes symbols. Some
details in this part have been discussed in your Practical Research 1. On the other hand, quantitative data
analysis involves numbers and statistics. Statistical analysis is the core of quantitative analysis. It deals
with basic calculations including average and median to more sophisticated analyzes like correlations and
regressions. While descriptive statistics gives details on your specific data set, inferential statistics aim to
make inferences about the population. It makes two common times of predictions. One is prediction
between groups, for example, weight differences between learners grouped according to their favorite
meal. The second is relationships between variables. For example, the relationship between body weight
and the number of hours a week a person does Zumba dance. In other words, inferential statistics allows
you to connect the dots and make predictions based on what you observe in your sample data.
A. Define the following Common Inferential Methods
1. T-Tests
2. ANOVA
3. Correlation Analysis
4. Regression Analysis
B. Direction: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write and explain your answer on your answer
sheet.
1. What type of data analysis did you use in your research paper? 2. Identify the methods that you used
in analyzing your paper. 3. Whether your research used qualitative data analysis or quantitative data
analysis, present the process of analyzing you did
Interpretation for Table 1:
All respondents’ responses were about fear, worries, and apprehensions. Table 1 showed the emotions
that respondents felt knowing that they were pregnant at an early age. Three (3) directly blurted out the
feeling of fear, and the rest indirectly said. Fear on how the parents reacted to the shame they brought
up, fear of hopelessness that the baby shuttered their future dreams, fear on how they raise the child
knowing that they are incapable of supporting themselves. The fear felt a push to worry, apprehend and
think of the worst deed to abort the child.
According to Enyegue (2004) teenagers raised in a culture where parents are really afraid to broach the
topic to their kids are at risk of early pregnancy. With this, many teens worry about what their families
will say when they find out that they are pregnant. So, they avoid telling their parents or someone else
who might be able to
Interpretation of Data (Table 1) Table 1 reveals that 45.33 percent of the respondents are in the age
bracket of 21- 30 years old compared to only 9.3 percent in ages 51 – 61 years old and above and 21.33
percent belonged to the 31- 40 age range. This age profile is important as it also reflects the current age
demographic for the Filipinos according to Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). There is a much younger
age cohort of teachers entering the workforce. There is a much younger cohort who has the capacity to
purchase products and services.

Activity 2.
Fact Check! Directions: Read the sentences. After each number, mark check (√) if you think that the
sentence is true about the purpose of analyzing data irrespective of whether that data is qualitative or
quantitative. Mark cross (X) if you think that it is not. Write your answers in your notebook or on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Data analysis describe and summarize the data. ________
2. Data analysis identify relationships between variables ________
3. Data analysis compare variables ________
4. Data analysis identify difference between variables ________
5. Data analysis forecasts outcomes. ________
Activity 3. My Take-aways! Complete each statement below
1. We analyze data because
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. We interpret data because
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. I used the method in _______ (quantitative or qualitative) because
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Activity 4. Let’s try this!
1. Supposes a study is conducted to one of the stores in your barangay to determine the factors
affecting customer preferences among the residences ages 22 to 60 years old. The following data
were given.

Kindly give your interpretation of the given data in table 3. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Suppose you want to sell your product to one of the school canteens of El Salvador City thus you
conducted a study to one of the schools in El Salvador City Misamis Oriental to determine the
factors affecting consumer preferences of the student’s ages 16 to 19 years old. The following data
were given.

Kindly write your interpretation, based on the data given in table 4. Remember to write first the
comparison and contrast of the data given, its implication to the study, and connect it with a review
of related literature.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. The same research study given in activity 2 was conducted. The following data were given below
Kindly write your interpretation, based on the data given in table 2.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. The same research study given in activity 2 was conducted. The following data were given below:
Remember to write first the comparison and contrast of the data given, its implication to the study,
and connect it with a review of related literature