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Mandatory Independent Component - Although & in Spite of & Despite

The document discusses the use of conjunctions such as although, though, in spite of, and despite to connect two clauses. It provides examples of how each conjunction is used, including what type of subject or pronoun typically follows each one. For instance, although is followed by a subject and verb, while in spite of or despite are typically followed by a pronoun like this/that or an -ing verb. The document also compares the meanings and uses of these conjunctions.

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59 views4 pages

Mandatory Independent Component - Although & in Spite of & Despite

The document discusses the use of conjunctions such as although, though, in spite of, and despite to connect two clauses. It provides examples of how each conjunction is used, including what type of subject or pronoun typically follows each one. For instance, although is followed by a subject and verb, while in spite of or despite are typically followed by a pronoun like this/that or an -ing verb. The document also compares the meanings and uses of these conjunctions.

Uploaded by

mariana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Although / though / even though

ln spite of / despite

Study this example situation:


Last year Jack and Jill spent their vacation at the beach.
h ra ned a lor, bur rhn er;o1ed rhem.elv^.

Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves.


(= It rained a lot, but they . . .)

In snite oFl
Desprte lI lbe rarn. the\ enro\ed themsehes,

After although we use a subject + uerb:


m Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.
ae I didnl set the job although I was extremely qualified.
Compare the meaning o{ although and because:
ry We went out although it was raining.
a We didr'r go our becau5e ,r wa. rrining.
After in spite of or despite, we lse a fio fi., a prokolux (this/thatlwhat, etc.), or -ing:
?, ln spiLe o[ lhe rain. ue enio)ed our !aclrior.
m I didnt get the iob in spite of being extremely qualified.
rz She felt sick, but in spite o{ this she went to work.
t In spite of what I said yesterdan I still love you.
Despite is the same as in spite of. Note tiat we say in spite of but despite (aithout oI):
m She felt sick, but despite this she went to work. (zor despite of this)
You can say in spite of the fact lthat) ard despite the fact (that):
. I in sDirc of rhe lact (rh,r l )
flff I .1!r1n I pel lhe roir t '. - t I ur5 csremclv ourlrlre.l
I de\prte (xe rac( (rhrr) |
Compare in spite of and because ot
m \fle went out in spite of the rain. (or despite the rain)
m We didni go our because of Lhe raio.

Compare aJrhough and in spire ofi despite:


a A[houeh
.-.or.the
:--sprte ;_
__:.: *as bad.l
lrallic - l .Iar.ivedonn,ne.tnorlnspjteoitherrafficnaqbadt
ln lne tratrc. I

i4 I couldn t sleeD' | de.prle


. _.
I althouph t wrs verr Lired.
lr?o1 .lesDrle I wa\ trre.ll
t berng rery trred,

Sometimes we use though insead o{ although:


m I didnl get the iob though I had all the necessary qualifications.
ln spoken English we often use though at the end o{ a sentence:
a The house isal very nice- I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden)
a I see him every day. I've never spoken to him though. (= but I've never spoken to him)
Even though (no, even alone) is a stronger form of although:
m Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep. (rot Even I was really tired)
Exercises UNIT
109.1 Complete the sentences. Use although + a sentence from the box.
L^ L.. . '..-'.:_..-...-:^L
109
I didn't speak the language
I had never seen her be{ore we don't like them very much
it was pretty cold
I'd mer her twice lr{ore we've known each other for a long time

Abha"ah hc hos u t.r\ tmDartanl tab he isn't particularly well paid.


,I recognized her from a picture.
She wasn't wearing a coar
We thought we'd better invite them to rhe party
, I managed to make myself understood.
, the room wasn t very warm.
I didni recognLze her
We're not very good {riends

109.2. Complete the sentences with a/though / in spite ol./ because / be.ause of.
t. fitbpgSh it mined a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.
2. aLl our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
")
b) we had planned everything carefulln a 1ot of things went
wrong.
3. a) I went home early I was feehrs sick.
b) I went to work the next day I was still {eeling sick.
4. a) She only accepted the job the salary, which was very high.
b) She accepted the iob the salary, which was rather low.
5. a) I managed to get to sleep there was a lot of noise-
b) I couldn't get to sleep the noise.
Use your own ideas to complete the following sentences:
5. a) He passed the exam although
b) He passed the exam because
7. a) I didn't eat arything although
b) I didn't eat anything in spire of

109.3. Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in parentheses in your s€ntences.
1. I couldn't sleep. I was tired. (despite) / cou/dn? s/eep deseitetreDgtilrel _
2. They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of)
In spite of
3. My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest town. (aldrough)

4. We live on the same streer. We hardly ever see each other. (despite)

\. TSor
'e. wer in r\e.ain. lh:d an umb,ella. reren uhought

,09,4. Use the words in parentheses to make a sentence with though at the end.
L Tle hou.e rsnivery nice. rlil,e/gard<nr '..-, 9pe -'.a-9-
2. It's pretty warm. (a little windy)
3. We didn't like the food. (ate)
4. Liz is very nice. (don't like / husband) I

219
EIII@
109.1
2. Althorgh I had never seen her

3. although it was prctry cold


4. although we dor't like thcm rcry

s. Although I didnl spealr tl,e

6. Although the heat was on


7. althoush I'd net her twice before
8. although we've known each othe.

109.2
2. a.1n spite of
L Although

5. a. although

6- a. he didnl study very hard


b. he studied very lard

b. being hungry

't09.3
2. havins very liftle nonen they are
h"ppv
3. Although oy foot was tujured,I
rnanaged to walk to thc nearest
towr. or I managcd to walk to
rhe learesr towD auroush my foot

4. Desphe livin8 on the same st.eet,


we hardly ever see eadl othe.
o/ Desplte the fact [that] we live
on the sane street, we hardly e'er

orWe hardly ever see each other


despite living on the same street.
or Ve hardly ever see each other
despite the fact fthatl we live on
rhe sane srrcct.
5. Evcn though i had an umbrclla,
I got very wer in thc rain.
o/ I gotveryvel in d1e rai! even
rhoush I had atr umtrrella.

109.4
2. Itt a little windy though.

4. donl like her husband thoqh

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