Research Title: The Relationship of Time Management to Student’s Academic Performance

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

I. Introduction

Time is precious to anyone. In particular time is important in accomplishing individual tasks

on time, and in businesses; we believe that every single minute can be converted to our own
benefit. According to Macan, et. al. (2000), the secret of achieving success in life is to manage
time and resources that everyone possesses equally and paying sufficient attention to planning.
Time management can be referred as a relevant facet in our lives. Whether be in individual
capacities, businesses and organizations, effective time management is invariably important.
Even applied in school setting, time is pretentious to students, teachers, heads administrators
and the institution as a whole (Karima Sayari, 2017, p. 1). For students to better manage tasks
and achieve learning objectives, effective time management skills and habits are assert to
improve student’s academic productivity (Adham Alyami, 2021). And based on (Mendoza, M. J.
F. 2009) how you use it defines the person’s character and values about time.

Alongside with time management, academic performance is also essential to each and every
individual especially to the learners. Academic performance/ achievement is the extent to which
a student, teacher, or institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals and is
measured either by continuous assessment or cumulative grade point average (CGPA). Beyond
the quality of schools, various personal and family factors, including socioeconomic factors,
English ability, class attendance, employment, high school grades, and academic self-eficacy
have been proposed to influence academic performance. Besides, other factors, i.e., teaching
skills, study hours, family size, and parental involvement have an association with academic
performance as well. (Tadese et al. (2022). This statement proves that a lot of factors can affect
the academic performance of the learner, including time management. Mismanagement disturbs
the academic achievements of learners (Saghir, et al. , 2002) . In today's mode of learning many
learners of HUMSS are loaded of activities and it affects how they perform at school.

Similar to this, the escalating burden in the workload of nursing student in a study as
graduation approaches, time management becomes even more difficult. One has to juggle his
time for both academics and clinical duties without compromising his academic performance.
(Mendoza, M. J. F. 2009). It is true that everyone has different task to do and it is challenging.
Based on the conducted study to the primary level section the relationship between time
management and academic performance by investigating time wasting, motivation, absenteeism
and procrastination, and to understand how they affect academic performance in primary school.
This results in wasted teacher and student time, absenteeism and tardiness by teachers and
students, procrastinating behavior in school activities, inefficiency in supervision by education
officials, teachers and parents, and enforcement of school rules and regulations. Lack of
adherence, lack of motivation became apparent. Especially on the part of teachers, it causes poor
teaching and learning performance of students. (Ngowo, A. A. (2013).

There are a lot of study that associates the relationship of these two variables. However, the
obtained review related literatures lack information specialized for Grade 12 HUMSS Students,
who are known for having a lot of working activities and paper works. And in this case, they are
susceptible for showing different possible outputs about the connection of how they manage their
time to their academic performance. In this case the researchers would like to explain and know
the relationship of time management and academic performance.

II. Statement of the Problem

In an attempt to examine the practices and insights of students, in regard to time management
and the links between time management and student outcomes, the aim of this study is to answer
the following questions:

General Problem:

Determine the relationship of time management in student's academic performance.

Specific Problems:

1. Does the level of time management correlates equal rate for academic performance?

2. Is there a significant relationship between time management and academic performance?

III. Objectives of the Study

Time management is essential and acts on individual’s general performance and achievements.
However, many students find it difficult to balance studies and their everyday lives especially as
we face the uncertain world with the global pandemic. The findings of this study will be beneficial
considering that a good time management is vital for students to succeed.

The aim of this study is to emphasize:

- The path relationship of time management and academic achievement of students in learning
institutions.

- Which aspects of time management the students practiced.

- Which time management behaviors were more strongly associated with higher grades.

- Whether or not those students who self-identified with specific time management behaviors
achieved better grades.

IV. Conceptual Framework

The diagram below shows the research paradigm of the study:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Time Management • Data

Gathering
• Assignments • Profiling The Relationship of
• Survey Time Management to
• Projects
Student’s Academic
• Data
Performance is
• Examinations Analysis
determined.
• Presentation
• Grade level
of Findings
of Result
For input, it consists of time management factors. For process, it includes the questionnaires that
were utilized, the observations that were made, the data collection method and the statistical
analysis of the data that will show in the study to determine the relationship of time management
to student’s academic performance.

V. Significance of The Study

The findings of this study will be beneficial to the following individual:

Students. It will help them know the connection of time management to their academic
performance. On the account, it will encourage them to exercise proper time management
resulting a great academic performance.

Teachers. This research will lessen the stress of the Grade 12 HUMSS teachers in processing
the grades of their students that exercise proper time management that will enhance their
academic performance. In addition, it will also benefit them for a better way of teaching.

School Administrator. Their leadership will be more effective in implementing systems and
policies for the betterment of students’ way of learning and their grades as well. Moreover, it will
also be a big contribution to the school’s image.

Future Researchers. The result of this study will serve as a reference and guide for them to
evaluate the reliability and consistency. It will also answer the questions related to their future
studies about the relationship of time management to student’s academic performance.

VI. Scope and Delimitations

This study will only take place inside the premises of Senior High School in San Nicholas III ,
Bacoor City, Cavite. Where the said school offers Academic, Technical Vocational and
Information Communication Technology strands only.

This study will be limited to Grade 12 students of HUMSS strand and will be conducted during our
second semester, school year 2022-2023.This research will find the relationship between time
management and student’s academic performance, yet it excludes giving advice and tips on how
to manage time wisely and have a better academic performance.
VII. Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally in order to better comprehend and clarify the words
used in this study:

Absenteeism. Is the word for the habit of being absent

Academic performance. It is the end result or GPA the efforts exerted by the students.

Procrastination. Delaying in starting or completing a task that needs to be completed to

accomplish some goal.

Relationship. Is a connection, association, or involvement that the researchers is looking

between time management and academic performance.

Students. They are greatly affected in the current study. Students will benefit in determining the
relationship between time management and student’s academic performance.

Time Management. Behaviors that aim at achieving an effective use of time while performing
certain goal in pursuing a good academic performance.

VIII. Hypothesis

The following are the null hypotheses of this study:

1. The level of time management does not correlate equal rate for academic performance.
2. There is no significant relationship between time management and academic performance.