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AEROSPACE ARP5015™ REV. B

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Issued 1996-06

Reaffirmed 2011-01
Revised 2018-12

Superseding ARP5015A

(R) Ground Equipment - 400 Hertz Ground Power Performance Requirements

RATIONALE

Modifications are made within the document for the new generation aircraft electrical systems, update the external
document references and general updates and corrections.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SCOPE.................................................................................................................................................................... 3

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................................................. 3

2.1 SAE Publications ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 ANSI Accredited Publications .................................................................................................................................. 3
2.3 U.S. Government Publications ................................................................................................................................ 3
2.4 UL Publications........................................................................................................................................................ 3
2.5 NEMA Publications .................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.6 IEC Publications ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.7 ATA Publications ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.8 Other Publications ................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.9 Definitions and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 4

3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................................. 8
3.1 Equipment Specifications ........................................................................................................................................ 8
3.1.1 Output Rating .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.2 Alternator Speed ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.3 Temperature Rise ................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.4 Dielectric Tests ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.5 Power Supply Safety Standards Testing ................................................................................................................. 8
3.1.6 Continuous Rating................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.7 Overload Rating ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.8 Nominal Voltage Rating .......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.9 Adjustable Voltage Range....................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.10 Highest Phase Voltage Limiting .............................................................................................................................. 8
3.1.11 Line Drop Compensation ........................................................................................................................................ 9
3.1.12 Voltage Regulation Steady State ............................................................................................................................ 9
3.1.13 Voltage Transients .................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.1.14 Short-Circuit Current ............................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.15 Voltage Modulation ................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.1.16 Frequency of Voltage Modulation ........................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.17 Phase Voltage Balance with Balanced Load .......................................................................................................... 9
3.1.18 Phase Voltage Displacement with Balanced Load................................................................................................ 10
3.1.19 Phase Voltage Balance with Unbalanced Load .................................................................................................... 10
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is
entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”
SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and
suggestions.
Copyright © 2018 SAE International
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.
TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) SAE values your input. To provide feedback
Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) on this Technical Report, please visit
Fax: 724-776-0790 http://standards.sae.org/ARP5015B
Email: [email protected]
SAE WEB ADDRESS: http://www.sae.org
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3.1.20 Phase Voltage Displacement with Unbalanced Load ........................................................................................... 10
3.1.21 Individual Harmonic............................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.22 Total Harmonic Content ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3.1.23 Crest Factor .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.24 Frequency Regulation ........................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1.25 Frequency Transients ........................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1.26 Frequency Transient Recovery ............................................................................................................................. 11
3.1.27 Frequency Modulation ........................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1.28 Frequency Modulation Rate .................................................................................................................................. 11
3.1.29 No Break Power Transfer (NBPT) ........................................................................................................................ 11
3.1.30 Phase Rotation...................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Personnel Safety ................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Equipment Protection ............................................................................................................................................ 12
3.3.7 E/F Interlock Circuit ............................................................................................................................................... 12
3.4 Current Quality Check ........................................................................................................................................... 12
3.5 Personnel Safety ................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.6 Normal Mode ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.7 Maintenance By-Pass Mode.................................................................................................................................. 13
3.7.1 Lost/Open Neutral Conductors ............................................................................................................................. 13
3.7.2 Earth/Ground Fault................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.7.3 System Over Temperature.................................................................................................................................... 13
3.8 Interface Requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.9 Tools and Test Equipment .................................................................................................................................... 13
3.10 Design and Construction ....................................................................................................................................... 13
3.10.1 General Design Features ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3.10.2 Magnetic Devices .................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.10.3 Environmental Conditions ..................................................................................................................................... 14
3.10.4 Life Expectancy ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.10.5 Control Panel and Controls ................................................................................................................................... 14
3.10.6 Protective Devices ................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.10.7 Workmanship ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.10.8 Adjustments and Repairs ...................................................................................................................................... 14
3.10.9 Lifting Attachments ............................................................................................................................................... 14
3.10.10 Identification and Marking ..................................................................................................................................... 14
3.10.11 Material, Parts, and Processes ............................................................................................................................. 15
3.10.12 Moisture and Fungus Resistance ......................................................................................................................... 15
3.10.13 Corrosion of Metal Parts ....................................................................................................................................... 15
3.10.14 Interchangeability and Replaceability .................................................................................................................... 15
3.10.15 Cabinet .................................................................................................................................................................. 15
3.10.16 Exterior Finish ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.10.17 Human Engineering .............................................................................................................................................. 15
3.10.18 Service and Access .............................................................................................................................................. 15
3.10.19 Noise and Vibration ............................................................................................................................................... 15
3.10.20 Emissions (internal combustion engine ground power units only) ........................................................................ 16
3.10.21 Input Current Distortion (solid state equipment only) ............................................................................................ 16

4. INSTALLATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................... 16

5. NOTES .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.1 Revision Indicator .................................................................................................................................................. 16

Figure 1 Voltage compliance and protection ....................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 2 Frequency compliance and protection .................................................................................................................. 11
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1. SCOPE

1.1 This SAE aerospace recommended practice (ARP) covers the requirements for external ground power equipment
supplying 115/200 V, three-phase, 400 HZ output power measured at the aircraft receptacle. All forms of 400 Hz
ground power including mobile and fixed systems are addressed by this document.

1.2 The intent of this document is to provide specifications for engine generators (alternator), motor generators, and
solid-state converters tailored for performance with modern aircraft, applicable to all unless otherwise noted. Modern
aircraft are requiring higher quality power without interruption which places new constraints on the ground power
units (GPUs) such as unity power factor and no-break-power-transfer (NBPT). The protective trip limits are designed
to allow a two-tier protection utilizing both the aircraft's electrical power generating systems (EPGS) and the GPUs
protection. Some of these specifications will place some new design constraints on the manufacturers of GPUs but
will help promote compatibility with old and new generation aircraft with all types of ground power equipment.

1.3 While GPUs are designed to provide the same quality of power as the aircraft's EPGS, there are differences in rated
capacity. Engines powered GPUs must be sized for the peak kw specified which is why a 125% overload is specified
for GPUs. As an example, increasing the size of the prime mover to match the aircraft's EPGS typical 150 to 200%
overload rating would not be practical

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications
shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the
event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes
precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption
has been obtained.

2.1 SAE Publications

Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.

ARP1247 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment - General Requirements

SAE J1175 Bystander Sound Level Measurement Procedure for Small Engine Powered Equipment

2.2 ANSI Accredited Publications

Copies of these documents are available online at http://webstore.ansi.org/.

ISO 1540 Aerospace - Characteristics for Aircraft Electrical Systems

ISO 6858 Ground Support Electrical Supplies - General Requirements

ISO-461-1 Connector for ground electrical supplies - Part 1: Design, performance and test requirements

ISO-461-2 Connector for ground electrical supplies - Part 2: Dimensions

2.3 U.S. Government Publications

Copies of these documents are available online at http://quicksearch.dla.mil.

MIL-STD-704F Electric Power, Aircraft, Characteristics and Utilization of

2.4 UL Publications

Available from UL, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, Tel: 847-272-8800, www.ul.com.

UL 1446-1980 Systems of Insulating Materials - General Revised 3/86

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2.5 NEMA Publications

Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900, Arlington, VA 22209,
Tel: 703-841-3200, www.nema.org.

NEMA MG-1 NEMA Standards Publication - Motor and Generators (N/A to Solid-State)

NEMA PE-1 Uninterruptable Power Systems

NEMA 250 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment

2.6 IEC Publications

Available from IEC Central Office, 3, rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland,
Tel: +41 22 919 02 11, www.iec.ch.

IEC/EN 60204-1 Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - General Requirements

IEC/EN 61558-2-6 Safety of Transformers - Reactors, Power Supply Units and Similar Products for Supply Voltages
up to 1,100 V - Part 2-6: Particular Requirements and Tests for Safety Isolating Transformers and
Power Supplying Units Incorporating Safety Isolating Transformers.

IEEE-519 Guide for Harmonic Control and Reactive Compensation of Static Converters

2.7 ATA Publications

Available from Airlines for America (A4A), 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20004, Tel: 202-
626-4000, www.airlines.org.

ATA-Spec 101 Specification for Ground Power Equipment Technical Data

2.8 Other Publications

AN-3114, AN-3440 Army/Navy 6-Pole Socket/Plug Reqmts. (MS90362-MS25486 Cable:MS90328)

BSI 2G-219 General Requirements for Ground Support Electrical Supplies for Aircraft

DFS-400 Eurostandard 400 Hertz Systems (Obtained from Flughafenverband ADV, Friedrichstrasse 79,
10117 Berlin, Germany, e-mail [email protected] or http://adv.aero/der-verband/ansprechpatner)

UL 1012 Standard for Safety Power Units Other Than Class 2

CSA C22.2, No. 107.1 General Use Power Supplies

2.9 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

This glossary of terms is included as part of this document for use in its interpretation.

2.9.1 ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE RANGE

The range adjustment, as controlled by the regulator, to enable checking over and under voltage protection devices.

2.9.2 ALTERNATOR SPEED

The nominal speed at which the alternator operates to produce 400 Hz.
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2.9.3 ALTITUDE

The maximum height above sea level at which the unit must operate and maintain characteristics within recommended
limits.

2.9.4 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE RATING

The temperature range in degrees in which the unit must operate and maintain characteristics within recommended limits.

2.9.5 BREAK TRANSFER

The mode of transferring the aircraft load from aircraft power source to ground power source or vice versa whereby power
to the aircraft is momentarily interrupted.

2.9.6 CREST FACTOR

The ratio of the peak voltage to the rms voltage.

2.9.7 DEAD FRONT

Constructed so that there are no exposed live parts on the front of the assembly.

2.9.8 DIELECTRIC TESTS

The high voltage impressed across the primary and secondary of a transformer and between a component and the
chassis of the unit. This test is used to check insulation characteristics.

2.9.9 FREQUENCY OF VOLTAGE MODULATION

The component frequencies which make up the modulation envelope waveform.

2.9.10 FREQUENCY MODULATION

The cyclic variation of instantaneous frequency about a mean frequency during any steady state load. Frequency
modulation, in percent, is calculated by taking maximum frequency minus minimum frequency times 100 and dividing this
value by maximum frequency plus minimum frequency. Frequency modulation is a measure of the stability of the power
system’s frequency regulation.

2.9.11 FREQUENCY MODULATION RATE

The rate of change of frequency due to frequency modulation when plotted against time.

2.9.12 FREQUENCY REGULATION

The band the output frequency stays within except during transients.

2.9.13 FREQUENCY TRANSIENT RECOVERY

The time required for the output frequency to recover to and remain within the prescribed limits after load application or
removal.

2.9.14 FREQUENCY TRANSIENTS

The maximum instantaneous deviation of the output frequency from the frequency regulation band.

2.9.15 GROUND POWER UNIT (GPU)

A rotating or static source supplied by an external ground facility to source electrical power while the aircraft is on the
ground whether it is a point of use or centrally located system.
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2.9.16 HIGHEST PHASE VOLTAGE LIMITING

A means of limiting the highest phase voltage of the unit output during any unbalanced load condition.

2.9.17 INDIVIDUAL HARMONIC

The rms value of any individual harmonic voltage that is expressed as a percentage of the fundamental.

2.9.18 INPUT CURRENT DISTORTION

The total harmonic distortion is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present in a signal and is defined as the ratio of
the sum of the powers of all harmonic components to the power of the fundamental frequency.

2.9.19 LINE DROP COMPENSATION

A system of increasing the unit output voltage in proportion to the current and power factor in the output cable(s) such that
the voltage is held constant at the aircraft receptacle.

2.9.20 NO BREAK POWER TRANSFER (NBPT)

The mode of transferring the aircraft load from aircraft power source to ground power source, or vice versa, whereby the
aircraft and ground power sources are simultaneously connected to the aircraft load and in parallel with each other,
possibly out of synchronization.

2.9.21 NOMINAL VOLTAGE RATING

The root-mean-square line-to-neutral and line-to-line voltage at which the unit output is rated. The unit is normally set such
that output voltage is maintained at this value.

2.9.22 OUTPUT TERMINALS

The terminals on the ground power unit side of the output power feeders. This is considered to be the point of regulation
for the ground power unit.

2.9.23 OVERLOAD RATING

The normal overload value expressed in kVA at 0.8 power factor for specified time.

2.9.24 PHASE VOLTAGE BALANCE WITH BALANCED/UNBALANCED LOAD

The maximum deviation of any of the three phase voltages from the average of the three phase voltages with a designated
three-phase load. The percent unbalance is calculated by taking maximum deviation of any one line-to-neutral voltage
from the average of the three phase voltages times 100 divided by the average of the three phase voltages.

2.9.25 PHASE VOLTAGE DISPLACEMENT WITH BALANCED/UNBALANCED LOAD

The maximum deviation in degrees from 120 degrees between phases of the alternator voltages during designated load
conditions.

2.9.26 PRIME MOVER

The source of power for driving the alternator.

2.9.27 REGULATOR SENSING

The means by which the voltage is sensed and fed to the voltage regulator.

2.9.28 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT

The maximum current carrying capacity of the GPU deemed unsafe and detrimental to the GPU’s functionality.
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2.9.29 TEMPERATURE RISE

The rise in degrees above ambient for components of the unit.

2.9.30 TOTAL HARMONIC CONTENT

The total RMS voltage remaining when the fundamental component is removed. This value is determined by calculating
the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual harmonics and expressing this value as a percentage of the
fundamental.

2.9.31 TOTAL LIFE EXPECTANCY

Defined to be the hours/years of use from time of delivery of the equipment to the using activity until its identity is
destroyed by classifying it as salvage and/or subject to cannibalization.

2.9.32 TRIP

Occurs when the output is turned off or the output contactor is opened.

2.9.33 TYPE OF MOUNTING

The means of mounting the unit and controls.

2.9.34 UNIT

Refers to the complete power package such as the prime mover, alternator, and all associated equipment and systems.

2.9.35 UNIT RATING

The full load value (rated continuous) expressed in kVA at specified power factor. The unit shall be capable of operating at
any power factor from 0.8 lagging to 1.0 (unity).

2.9.36 VOLTAGE MODULATION

The cyclic variation about an average of the AC peak voltage during any steady state load. The modulation envelope is
formed by a continuous curve connecting each sine wave peak. Voltage modulation in percent is calculated by taking
maximum voltage minus minimum voltage times 100 and then dividing this value by maximum voltage plus minimum
voltage.

2.9.37 VOLTAGE REGULATION

The band the output voltage stays within except during transients.

2.9.38 VOLTAGE REGULATION STEADY STATE

The band that the output voltage stays within a fixed load.

2.9.39 VOLTAGE TRANSIENTS

The maximum momentary deviation of the output voltage from the steady state voltage as a result of step load changes.

2.9.40 VOLTAGE TRANSIENT RECOVERY

The time required for the output voltage to recover to and remain within the prescribed limits after load application or
removal.
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3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS

All AC voltage characteristics are in reference to the aircraft receptacle, unless otherwise stated.

3.1.1 Output Rating

The engine generator (alternator), motor generator, or solid-state converter shall be of sufficient capacity to produce the
rated kVA at a power factor ranging from 0.8 lagging to 1.0 (unity), and at specified overload limits, for the altitude and
temperature range in which the equipment will be operated.

3.1.2 Alternator Speed

The designation shall be based on the continuous operating speed of the prime mover, and design of the alternator, to
produce 400 HZ. Not applicable to solid-state converters.

3.1.3 Temperature Rise

Components of an alternator shall have insulating properties meeting NEMA MG-1 Standards. solid-state converters shall
utilize a minimum of UL Class 180 Transformer insulation systems in any magnetics greater than 1000 VA.

3.1.4 Dielectric Tests

All magnetic components shall have dielectric strength test performed to check insulation characteristics.

3.1.5 Power Supply Safety Standards Testing

For solid-state converters, where this condition is required by the customer for operational or safety reasons, testing to
meet UL 1012 and CSA 22.2 safety standards.

3.1.6 Continuous Rating

The continuous kVA rating shall be at a specified power factor ranging from 0.8 to 1.0 (unity). Reference 3.6.4 for details
involving environmental conditions and deratings associated with the equipment rating.

3.1.7 Overload Rating

The normal overload rating shall be 125% of rated kVA for 5 minutes at a specified power factor ranging from 0.8 to 1.0
(unity). Reference 3.6.4 for details involving environmental conditions and deratings associated with the equipment rating.

3.1.8 Nominal Voltage Rating

The AC system shall be a three-phase, four-wire Wye system with grounded neutral having a nominal voltage of 115/200
V. The grounded neutral shall be solidly tied to the unit chassis ground with sufficient capacity in the tie to handle
maximum ground fault current for a minimum of 5 seconds.

3.1.9 Adjustable Voltage Range

The adjustable voltage range shall be sufficient, in unloaded condition, for checking over-voltage and under-voltage and
subsequent protective devices.

3.1.10 Regulator Sensing

Regulator sensing shall be enough to provide the specified output voltage levels within this document.

3.1.11 Highest Phase Voltage Limiting

A highest phase voltage limiting system is recommended in the voltage regulator to limit the highest phase voltage to
124 V during unbalanced load conditions.
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3.1.12 Line Drop Compensation

A system of automatic line drop compensation shall be incorporated in the voltage regulator to provide constant voltage at
the aircraft receptacle, based on the cable length, regardless of current. Minimum compensation capability shall be 5% at
rated load for a single output.

3.1.13 Voltage Regulation Steady State

The voltage at the aircraft receptacle shall stay within the steady state limits shown in Figure 1 for any rated load condition.

3.1.14 Voltage Transients

The transient response shall be limited to the operating area shown in Figure 1 with step load changes equivalent to the
full continuous load rating shown in 3.1.6.

3.1.15 Short-Circuit Current

The short circuit protection system shall remove power if current exceeds the overload capacity of the GPU. No current
limit voltage fold back mode shall be used.

3.1.16 Voltage Modulation

The modulation of phase voltage (including the effects of frequency modulation) shall not exceed 3.5 V when measured as
the peak-to-valley difference between the maximum and minimum peak voltages reached on the modulation envelope
over a period of at least 1 second.

3.1.17 Frequency of Voltage Modulation

The frequency components of the voltage modulation envelope waveform shall not exceed 100 Hz.

3.1.18 Phase Voltage Balance with Balanced Load

The maximum deviation of any of the three-phase voltage from the average of the three-phase voltages shall not exceed
1% with a balanced three-phase load.
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Figure 1 - Voltage compliance and protection

3.1.19 Phase Voltage Displacement with Balanced Load

The phase voltage displacement with a balanced three-phase load shall be within the limits of 120 degrees ± 2.5 degrees.

3.1.20 Phase Voltage Balance with Unbalanced Load

The maximum deviation of any of the phase voltages from the average of the three-phase voltages shall not exceed 4%
with 1/3 rated current at 0.8 power factor lagging on any one phase and no load on the other two phases when measured
at aircraft receptacle.

3.1.21 Phase Voltage Displacement with Unbalanced Load

The phase voltage displacement with a 1/3 rated current unbalanced load under 40-kVA, and 1/6 above 40-kVA, shall be
within the limits of 120 degrees ± 4 degrees between any phase (line to neutral) voltages.

3.1.22 Individual Harmonic

The rms value of any individual voltage harmonic shall not exceed 2% of the fundamental (rms) when measured from line-
to-line and line-to-neutral at no load and rated kVA (linear load) at 0.8 power.

3.1.23 Total Harmonic Content

The total harmonic content of the output voltage shall not exceed 3% of the fundamental (rms) when measured from line-
to-line and line-to-neutral at no load and rated kVA (linear load) at 0.8 power factor. The total harmonic content of the
output voltage shall not exceed 4% of the fundamental (rms) when measured from line-to-line and line-to-neutral for a 1/3
rated current unbalanced load.

3.1.24 Crest Factor

The crest factor of the alternator shall be 1.414 ± 0.09.

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Figure 2 - Frequency compliance and protection

3.1.25 Frequency Regulation

The output frequency shall stay within 400 Hz ± 5 Hz at all steady state loads up through full rated load.

3.1.26 Frequency Transients

The instantaneous frequency shall not be greater than 430 Hz or less than 370 Hz during full load application or removal
as shown in Figure 2.

3.1.27 Frequency Transient Recovery

Output frequency shall recover to and stay within 400 Hz ± 5 Hz in 2 seconds as shown in Figure 2.

3.1.28 Frequency Modulation

The output frequency modulation shall not exceed 0.25% of the steady state frequency for all loads up to and including full
rated load.

3.1.29 Frequency Modulation Rate

The rate of frequency modulation rate shall not exceed 13 Hz per second.

3.1.30 No Break Power Transfer (NBPT)

The unit must be able to operate in an uninterrupted fashion during NBPT and maintain voltage and frequency within
specified limits with onboard and ground power sources out of synchronization by as much as ±30 degrees, ±2 Hz
frequency, ±10 Vrms for maximum time duration of 100 ms. If the NBPT conditions are more severe, the unit's protection
device(s) may be activated.
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3.1.31 Phase Rotation

Phase rotation shall be A-B-C.

3.2 Personnel Safety

3.2.1 Where necessary, the system shall include personnel and equipment protection from contact to exposed hot
surfaces, exhaust gases and possible exposure to volatile elements (i.e., fuel, oil, grease, etc.) within the
equipment.

3.2.2 For prime movers, the fuel tank and exhaust shall be located appropriately and shielded to prevent exposure to
electrical or engine components during filling or operating conditions.

3.2.3 Each unit shall offer safety to personnel operating or in vicinity of an operating unit. control panel doors should
require a tool or key to open to prevent entrance by anyone other than authorized personnel when practical. inside
the control panel, any voltage over 30 Vrms shall be located, guarded, or enclosed to prevent accidental contact.
suitable warning labels shall be provided if internal voltages decay slowly after shutdown.

3.2.4 All rotating or moving parts shall be shielded to prevent accidental contact while unit is in normal operating mode.
Labels or safety signs shall be provided. Where applicable to local and national standards, fire suppression
systems shall made available.

3.2.5 Control panel shall have unrestricted access to operating personnel and be adequately illuminated for both day
and night operation. All control functions to be clearly identified and grouped according to their function. The
controls to be designed for easy operation while wearing foul weather clothing.

3.3 Equipment Protection

The facility shall automatically remove the power from the output terminals when the AC line-to-neutral exceeds curve of
Figure 1 at output terminals.

3.3.1 The facility shall automatically remove the power from the output terminals when the average AC line-to-neutral
voltage drops below curve of Figure 1 at output terminals.

3.3.2 The facility shall automatically remove the power from the output terminals when the frequency drops below the
limits shown in Figure 2.

3.3.3 The facility shall automatically remove the power from the output terminals when the frequency exceeds the limits
shown in Figure 2.

3.3.4 The facility shall automatically remove the power from the output terminals when the output exceeds the overload
rating of the GPU. Overload protective should have an inverse time characteristic and should operate to protect
the unit if a short-circuit occurs within the GPU or its distribution system. No current limiting voltage foldback
practices shall be used.

3.3.5 The facility shall be provided to prevent the GPU from being connected to the aircraft when the rotation is not
consistent with a ABC, three-phase, Y configuration.

3.3.6 The protective system shall include fault indication that shall be easily identified.

3.3.7 E/F Interlock Circuit

3.4 Current Quality Check

When commanded on by the operator, the facility power shall be provided to the aircraft for a period of 2.5 s without the
aircraft providing the returned interlock signal on Pin F. This will allow time for on-board aircraft controls. It shall not be
possible for the facility to supply power to the aircraft through the interlock connections.
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3.5 Personnel Safety

The E/F interlock circuit shall remove the power from the output within 2.5 s upon removal or absence of 28 V DC interlock
signal from the aircraft, Pin F. This prevents a plug from staying powered while it is not connected to the aircraft. A
maintenance mode shall be provided to allow servicing and testing the GPU in absence of the 28 V DC interlock signal.
Use of this 28 V DC interlock source should be limited to 1/2 A per cable. An accessible switch or control shall allow
selection of either of the following two modes:

3.6 Normal Mode

For normal aircraft loads.

3.7 Maintenance By-Pass Mode

For dummy loads, or no load, or for use with aircraft with no 28 VDC. Shall be clearly identified on the GPU.

3.7.1 Lost/Open Neutral Conductors

Where this condition is required by the facility for operational or safety reasons the GPU shall include protection from open
neutral conductors and remove power from the aircraft upon loss of the neutral.

3.7.2 Earth/Ground Fault

Where this condition is required by the facility for operational or safety reasons it should be fitted and easily demonstrated.

3.7.3 System Over Temperature

The over temperature protection system shall cause the unit to be shut down before the critical component temperature
reaches a maximum temperature rating determined by the manufacturer of the GPU or the component manufacturer
incorporated into the GPU.

3.8 Interface Requirements

3.8.1 Each aircraft feeder cable (AS5756/2A) and assembly (AS90362) shall be compatible with an AS90362A
receptacle. Feeder cables shall be dielectrically rated for 115/200 V rms 400 Hz power.

3.8.2 Each output circuit on a multiple output GPU shall be rated at 90 kVA maximum. Each output shall have suitable
over-current protection which will function independently of other outputs. Outputs shall be marked A-B-C-N.

3.9 Tools and Test Equipment

3.9.1 Only standard tools shall be required for maintenance of any parts of the equipment.

3.10 Design and Construction

3.10.1 General Design Features

Adequate guards shall be provided to prevent entry of foreign debris as a result of cooling air suction or accidental acts of
operating or maintenance personnel.

Protection of personnel from accidental contact with electrical parts shall be provided.

3.10.2 Magnetic Devices

All wound magnetic devices insulation class shall be appropriate for the environmental conditions.
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3.10.3 Environmental Conditions

The unit shall be capable of withstanding or operating satisfactorily when exposed to the following conditions with suitable
derating, unless otherwise specified:

Ambient temperature ranging -30 to +52 °C (-22 to +125 °F) when operating.

Non-operating temperatures ranging from -40 to +60 °C (-40 to +140 °F).

Relative humidity 10 to 100% (noncondensing).

Altitude: Operating at any altitude up to 3050 m (10000 feet) above sea level without derating unless otherwise noted.

3.10.4 Life Expectancy

The unit shall be designed for a minimum life expectancy of 15 years with routine servicing and periodic adjustment.

3.10.5 Control Panel and Controls

3.10.5.1 The wiring shall be brought to terminal blocks and/or suitable connectors and each conductor identified in
accordance with a wiring diagram by means of numbers and/or color coding. The wiring shall be formed and
restrained to give a neat appearance.

3.10.5.2 All meter panels and any components containing printed circuit boards or solid-state electronics used in
engine driven equipment shall be shock mounted.

3.10.5.3 There shall be accessibility to controls and instruments and all equipment relative to starting, stopping,
indicating, protecting, and load controlling. All controls, instruments, and wiring shall be mounted in a dead
front enclosure. All shall be adequately identified including the wiring, terminals, and controls.

3.10.5.4 Instruments shall be highest industrial quality with demonstrated reliability consistent with the equipment life
expectancy. The operator's control panel must permit easy and accurate observation of meters, indicators,
and operation of all manual controls from a normal standing position.

3.10.6 Protective Devices

Fuses and circuit breakers shall be suitably marked as to circuit designation.

3.10.7 Workmanship

The unit, including all parts and accessories, shall be fabricated and finished with the proper degree of skill necessary.
Particular attention shall be given to freedom from blemishes, defects, burrs, and sharp edges; accuracy of dimensions,
radii of fillets, and marking of parts and assemblies; thoroughness of soldering, welding, brazing, painting, wiring, and
riveting; and alignment of parts and tightness of assembly screws, bolts, etc.

3.10.8 Adjustments and Repairs

The unit shall be so constructed that adjustments and repairs can be easily made by maintenance personnel.

3.10.9 Lifting Attachments

The complete unit shall be designed for lifting and transporting by suitable means.

3.10.10 Identification and Marking

3.10.10.1 All instruments and controls shall be suitably identified. Adequate operating instruction placards shall be
permanently affixed in proximity to all control panels.
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3.10.10.2 A permanent nameplate shall be affixed to the equipment specifying vendor's name and/or trademark,
vendor's part or model number, vendor's serial number, date of manufacture, rating as specified in 3.1.6, and
environmental restrictions as specified in 3.6.3.

3.10.10.3 All GPUs shall have a warning label permanently affixed to service panel where high voltages are present.

3.10.11 Material, Parts, and Processes

3.10.11.1 All materials shall be new and suitable for the purpose intended.

3.10.11.2 No components shall be used in the assembly of the unit which will be subjected to conditions in excess of the
original manufacturer's recommended operating limits. Components shall be suitably de-rated to ensure rated
service life.

3.10.11.3 No hidden or inaccessible fasteners shall be used unless adequately secured to prevent turning examples:
rivets, tapped threads, tack welded nuts, or studs).

3.10.11.4 Fire resistant and non-moisture absorbing materials shall be used whenever possible.

3.10.12 Moisture and Fungus Resistance

Equipment and controls that are exposed to the weather shall be weather resistant type.

3.10.13 Corrosion of Metal Parts

Suitable and adequate corrosion protection shall be applied throughout the equipment.

3.10.14 Interchangeability and Replaceability

All parts having the same manufacturer's part number shall be directly and completely interchangeable with each other
with respect to installation and performance.

3.10.15 Cabinet

The cabinet enclosure shall be designed to be suitable for the intended environmental conditions. The components and
subassemblies shall be mounted in such a manner that no damage will occur as a result of transportation. Means shall be
provided for easy access to the component part contained therein.

Solid state cabinet enclosure rating shall have an appropriate environmental NEMA or IP rated enclosure.

3.10.16 Exterior Finish

The equipment shall be suitably primed and finished.

3.10.17 Human Engineering

The unit shall be easily operated by personnel after being given minimum training on the equipment. All operator controls
and instruments shall be conveniently grouped at one location.

3.10.18 Service and Access

Major assemblies and components shall be easily disconnected and removed from the equipment without the necessity for
extensive disassembly of the other components. Lifting eyes, forklift channels, or other devices shall be provided where
required.

3.10.19 Noise and Vibration

3.10.19.1 Noise attenuated (insonorisation) units shall not exceed 85 dBA at 10 feet (3 m) or the local code where
applicable. A measurement shall be taken in accordance with SAE J1175.
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3.10.19.2 The unit shall be designed and constructed so that no parts will work loose in service. It shall be built to
withstand the stresses, shocks, vibrations, and other conditions incident to shipping, storage, installation, and
service.

3.10.20 Emissions (internal combustion engine ground power units only)

All GPU emissions requirements shall be specified by the user to the vendor as part of the initial tender document or meet
the local emission code for the location’s intended use.

3.10.21 Input Current Distortion (solid state equipment only)

All GPU input current distortion requirements shall be specified by the user to the vendor as part of the initial tender
document. Input current distortion requirement shall be based on a full load rating.

4. INSTALLATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

4.1 A complete manual shall be provided with each unit containing the following information:

a. Unit description and specification

b. Installation and prestart procedures

c. Starting and operation instructions

d. Maintenance and troubleshooting instructions

e. Replacement spare parts list

f. Schematics and point-to-point wiring diagrams

g. Engine manual (if applicable)

The manual shall be in accordance with AS4828 or Acceptable Manufacturer's Manual as submitted to the purchaser for
approval. Approved manuals shall be provided concurrent with delivery of first production unit.

5. NOTES

5.1 Revision Indicator

A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not
editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title
indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original
publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.

PREPARED BY SAE COMMITTEE AGE-3, AIRCRAFT GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT