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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction - Module 1: Basic

Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk
physical education (University of the Visayas)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Basic Concept of Disaster and
Disaster Risk

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Module 1
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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk First Edition, 2020
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rodgem A. Barairo; Ginalyn H. Aquino

Editors: Josefina M. Fabra; Anne Marielle R. Del Mundo; Vanessa R. Ambas
Reviewers: Dolorosa S. De Castro; Cristeta M. Arcos; Richard Brian L. Tutor;
Regidor O. Ilag; Gerry S. Romero; Yumi Angela S. Valderama
Illustrator: Leumel M. Cadapan
Ronan DC Vergara
Layout Artist: Leumel M. Cadapan
Maria Elinor F. Hemedes
Management Team:
Francis Cesar B. Bringas
Job S. Zape Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Susan DL Oribiana
Jaypee E. Lopo
Dolorosa S. De Castro
Cristeta M. Arcos

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2, Karangalan Village 1900, Cainta, Rizal

Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: [email protected]/ [email protected]

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Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Basic Concept of Disaster and
Disaster Risk

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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What I Need to Know

This module is intended to help you understand the concept of disaster. Disasters
are reality. Perhaps our most potent response to it must be awareness, knowledge,
and understanding of this reality. Hence, this first lesson provides you, our dear
learners with a basic but thorough grounding on the concept of disaster and how
and when an event turns into a disaster.

The Module is intended to equip you with knowledge to explain the basic concept of
disaster.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Understand the meaning of disaster.
2. Justify different kinds of disasters that are common; the Philippines has
experience.
3. Observe surroundings and every situation that you may encounter.
4. Appreciate the significance of knowing disaster risks and how it may affect
one’s life.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. What is this inherently unexpected and happening that comes quickly without
any warning?
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. phenomenon
d. risk

2. A natural disaster is a(n) _____ event.

a. expected
b. planned
c. scheduled
d. unexpected

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3. It is also called as the Circum-Pacific belt, the zone of earthquakes surrounding

the Pacific Ocean where about 99% of the world’s earthquake occurs.
a. locust
b. drought
c. ring of fire
d. subsidence

4. All of the following show effect of disasters EXCEPT__________.

a. displacement of populations
b. damage to the ecological environment
c. destruction of a population’s homeland
d. sustained public attention during the recovery phase

5. Which of the following is an example of man-caused disaster?

a. storm surges
b. flooded coastal areas
c. landslide on mining sites
d. oil spills from shipping boat

6. Which of the following is an example of natural hazards?

a. factories
b. fault lines
c. mining sites
a. chemical plants

7. Which of the following is NOT a type of natural hazard that causes disaster?
a. tornado
b. typhoon
c. earthquake
d. car accident

8. It is defined as the source of danger and something that may cause injury or
harm.
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. phenomenon
d. risk

9. Which of the following category is NOT part of man-made hazard?

a. terrorism/violence
b. technological/industrial
c. complex humanitarian emergencies
d. preventive and precautionary measures

10. Which of the following is useful to better establish priorities and response
activities, and systematize previous experiences?
a. disaster risk
b. effects of disaster
c. phases of disaster
d. categories of disaster

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11. It involves the identification and mapping of the elements at risk and the
assessment of people, animals and plants that may be affected?
a. exposure
b. vulnerability
a. disaster risk
c. risk assessment

12. The potential disaster losses in lives, health statuses, livelihoods, assets, and
services, which could occur in a particular community or a society over some
specified future time period is called _______________.
a. disaster risk
b. disaster mitigation
c. disaster preparedness
d. disaster prevention

13. Disaster has a great impact on __________________.

a. buildings
b. garden
c. humanity
d. Parks
14. Which of the following is a product of the massive damages to life and property
caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability within a community?
a. destruction
b. disaster
c. disaster risk
d. vulnerability

15. Disaster risk can be determined by the presence of the following elements of
Disaster EXCEPT _______________.
a. phenomenon
b. coping capacity
c. vulnerability to a hazard
d. hazard (natural or man-made)

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Lesson
What is Disaster and
1 Disaster Risk?

In this module, the learners will hold an understanding about disaster and
develop a firm grasp of a very crucial factor that has direct bearing on disaster and
disaster risk.

What’s In

Philippines: A Country Prone to Natural Disasters

The Philippines has experienced from an inexhaustible number of deadly

earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and other natural disasters. This is due to its
location along the Ring of Fire, a large Pacific Ocean region where many volcanic
eruptions and earthquakes occur.

Activity 1: “Count Me In”

Direction: Write five (5) disastrous events in the Philippines in the last five years
that you could still recall. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. _____________________________________

2. _____________________________________

3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________

5. _____________________________________

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What’s New

Activity 1.1 Understanding Disaster

Instructions: Analyze the given images and answer the given questions
below:
1. In two to three sentences, describe the given images.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. List down the disasters that you can identify from the images.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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What is It

IT’S A DISASTER

Disaster is "a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury,
destruction, and devastation to life and property”. It disrupts the usual course of life,
causing both physical and emotional distress such as an intense feeling of
helplessness and hopelessness. A preceding definition of disaster stresses that two
elements are affected – life (whether human or animal) and property. The effects vary
– it maybe a minor damage (like broken windows and doors), major damage (like torn
rooftops, collapsed walls), total destruction (like completely destroyed houses and
structures rendering them useless and inhabitable) and the worst scenario, it can
lead to death. (Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ADPC, 2012)

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2008), disaster is

“a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving
widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own
resources”.
Any adverse episode or phenomenon can exploit a vulnerability in the affected
population or community to create damage and this awareness will form the basis
for an adequate intervention.

Meanwhile, the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

defines disaster as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society
involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using
its own resources.

Disasters are often a result of the combination of: the exposure to a hazard;
the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or measures
to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences.

Its impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects
on human physical, mental, and social wellbeing, together with damage to properties,
destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruptions, and
environmental degradation.
Republic Act 10121 also known as “An Act Strengthening the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds, Therefore and
Other Purposes” was passed and approved on May 27, 2010 after 21 years of
revisions and refiling in the two legislative bodies. This new law, unlike the previous

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Presidential Decree P.D. 1566, is pro-active in giving importance to disaster

mitigation and preparedness measures.

One of the law’s salient points is the immediate release of calamity funds to
local government units (LGUs) so they can prepare for disaster mitigation and
preparedness. This is a welcome provision because local government units can utilize
70 percent of the total calamity fund to risk-reduction measures and 30 percent to
quick response activities. In the old law, the LGU can only use the calamity fund for
quick response activities.

Section 2 of the RA 10121 states that the state shall “develop, promote, and
implement a comprehensive that aims to strengthen the capacity of the national
government and the LGUs, together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster
resilience of communities, and to institutionalize arrangements and measures for
reducing disaster risks, including projected climate risks, and enhancing disaster
preparedness and response capabilities at all levels. http://drrknowledge.net/phil-
laws-drr/

Mahar, Patrick, et.al, “Disasters and their Effects on the Population: Key Concepts,” Accessed (01
June 2020), https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/disasters_dpac_PEDsModule1.pdf

Image 1. Different kinds of Natural Disasters

Natural Disasters – a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as

earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme
temperatures. They can be classified as rapid onset disasters and those with
progressive onset, such as droughts that lead to famine. These events, usually
sudden, can have tremendous effects.

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Hazard - A hazard is a source or condition that has the potential to cause harm to
humans in the form of injury or illness, property damage, environmental damage, or
a combination of these.

A. A natural hazard occurs when an extreme natural event is destructive to

human life and property. This event could interfere with activities in a minor
way such as when strong winds blow trees down, or this event could
completely disrupt activities like a large earthquake damaging your home,
business or school. These natural events have been happening for thousands
of years (a long time before we were even around!), but they only become
hazards when humans are affected in some way.

B. Human-made induced hazards are caused by human activities. Unlike

natural hazards, human-made hazards can often be prevented.

Examples:
1. Technological/industrial disasters - Unregulated industrialization and
inadequate safety standards increase the risk for industrial disasters.
Examples: leaks of hazardous materials; accidental explosions; bridge
or road collapses, or vehicle collisions; Power cuts

2. Terrorism/Violence - the threat of terrorism has also increased due to

the spread of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents
used to develop weapons of mass destruction.
Examples: bombs or explosions; release of chemical materials; release
of biological agents; release of radioactive agents; multiple or
massive shootings; mutinies

3. Complex humanitarian emergencies - the term complex emergency is

usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an
international or civil war. In such situations, large numbers of people are
displaced from their homes due to the lack of personal safety and the
disruption of basic infrastructure including food distribution, water,
electricity, and sanitation, or communities are left stranded and isolated in
their own homes unable to access assistance. Examples:
conflicts or wars and Genocide the deliberate killing of a large group of people,
especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation

“Disasters and their Effects on the Population: Key Concepts,”, Accessed on 02 June
2020, pages 7-10, https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/disasters_
dpac_PEDsModule1. pdf .

The damage caused by disaster cannot be measured. It also differs with the
kind of geographical location, climate, earth’s specific characteristics, and level of
vulnerability. These determining factors affect generally the psychological, socio –
economic, political, and ethnical state of the affected area.

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Risk and Disaster Risk

Risk has various connotations within different disciplines. In general, risk is

defined as “the combination of the probability of an event and its negative
consequences” (UNISDR, 2009). The term risk is thus multidisciplinary and is used
in a variety of contexts. It is usually associated with the degree to which humans
cannot cope (lack of capacity) with a situation (e.g. natural hazard).

The term disaster risk refers to the potential (not actual and realized) disaster
losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in
a community or society over some specified future time period.

Disaster risk is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to
the vulnerability within a community. It should be noted that the effect of a hazard
(of a particular magnitude) would affect communities differently (Von Kotze,
1999:35).

It can also be determined by the presence of three variables: hazards (natural

or anthropogenic); vulnerability to a hazard; and coping capacity linked to the
reduction, mitigation, and resilience to the vulnerability of a community.

What’s More

Activity 1.2 FIX ME!!!

Instruction: Arranged the given jumbled letters to identify the correct
terminology. The definition will help you to derive the correct answer.
Answering this activity will develop your visual and analysis skills. Write your
answer in your answer sheet.

JUMBLED LETTERS DEFINITION

A sudden calamitous event, bringing great
1. RTAIESSD
damage, loss, destruction, and devastation.

A path along the Pacific Ocean characterized

2. GRNI FO IEFR
by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
An event causing great and often sudden
3. TALAYMIC
damage or distress.
Shaking of earth caused by waves moving on
4. AQRHTEKEAU
and below the earth's surface.
When lava and gas are discharged from a
5. ICNLOVAC IPREOUTN
volcanic vent.
Largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic
6. CFCPIAI NEAOC
divisions.

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Type of tropical cyclone, or severe tropical

7. OOYNHPT
storm.
A natural event such as a flood, earthquake,
8. LTARUNA RTAIESDS or hurricane that causes great damage or loss
of life.
9. ETUTODSRCIN A sudden or great misfortune or failure.

Caused by man are those in which major

10. NMA EDMA RESTSAID direct causes are identifiable intentional or
non-intentional human actions.

Activity 1.3 Understanding Natural and Human Induced Hazard

Direction: Identify the given set of images if it is Natural or Man Made. Put your
answer on the blank space below each picture.

Classifying Disaster

"Tacloban, Leyte, Philippines" by “Military convoy" by chelmonette is

ochacolombia is licensed under CC BY- licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
NC-ND 2.0

________________________________ ________________________________

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"Toxic Metal Barrel" by azzajess is

"File:Ezra Acayan Mayon pic.jpg" by licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0
Ezra Acayan, licensed under CC BY-SA
4.0 ________________________________
________________________________

"Motor Vehicle Accident at Clinton and "6.0 Magnitude Earthquake in the City
Lafayette Ave" by cisc1970 is licensed of Napa" by Cal OES is licensed under
under CC BY-NC 2.0 CC BY-NC 2.0

_______________________________ _______________________________

Guide Question:
Based on the presented images, how will you differentiate natural from man-made
disasters? Explain your answer in 2-3 sentences. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Given the table, give a natural disaster you experienced within your locality or you
had heard from the news recently. What makes it a natural disaster?

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1. Give a man-made disaster you experienced within your locality or you had heard
from the news recently.

Disaster Human Induced Hazard

Activity 1.5 Compare & Contrast Disaster and Human Induced Hazard
Direction: In this activity, you need to make a Venn Diagram to shoe the
comparison between Disaster and Human Induced Disaster.

Disaster Human
Induced Hazard

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Activity 1.4 Understanding Disaster Risk

Direction: In this activity, you must identify the classification of disaster as well as
the disaster risk of a given disaster situations. Accomplish the table below. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Classification of
Disaster Disaster Risks
Disasters
(Natural or Human (Effects)
Induced Hazard)
1. typhoon
2. war conflicts
3. volcanic eruption

4. chemical leakages
5. vehicular accident
6. earthquake
7. drought
8. thunderstorms
9. tuberculosis
10. rainfall-induced
landslide
11. floods in rivers and
coastal areas
12. avalanche
13. tsunami
14. bomb explosion
15. house

Stop and Reflect

Now review your previous Activity number 1.3 and 1.4. Do you think the given
ideas/concepts are clear for you to understand different kinds of disasters that
the country has experienced including its disaster risks? Agree or Disagree?

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What I Have Learned

Exit Ticket
Have you learned so much from this module? What are the three things that you
learned today? What are the two things you found interesting?

3 Things I learned Today 1. _______________________________________

2. _______________________________________
3. ________________________________________

2 Things I Found Interesting 1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________
1 Question I have 1. ________________________________________

What I Can Do

Now that you’ve already learned and understand the lesson focusing on disaster and
disaster risk, it’s time to work to demonstrate your learning. Are you ready? Sure,
you are!

Activity 1.5 Am I Ready?

Directions: Answer the given question. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Do you think you are relatively well prepared when a disaster might affect your
community either natural or man-made as well as to its effects? List down five (5)
important things that you need to prepare in order to lessen the possible danger that
you and your family might encounter when a disaster strike. Explain your answers
briefly and write it on your answer sheet.

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1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Which of the following is a sudden, calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss,
destruction, and devastation to life and property?
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. phenomenon
d. risk

2. A natural disaster can be a _____________ .

a. phenomenon
b. terrorism/Violence
c. technological/industrial issues
d. complex humanitarian emergencies

3. All of the following are the effects of disasters EXCEPT ___________

a. can destroy health infrastructure
b. can cause an unexpected number of deaths
c. can have adverse effects on the environment
d. can cause the ability of every specie to reproduce

4. It is also called as the Circum-Pacific belt, the zone of earthquakes surrounding

the Pacific Ocean where about 99% of the world’s earthquake occurs.
a. drought
b. ring of fire
c. subsidence
d. Bermuda Triangle

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5. Which of the following is NOT an example of man-caused hazard?

a. mutiny
b. genocide
c. earthquake
d. bombs or explosions

6. It is defined as the source of danger and something that may cause injury or
harm. It is also the uncertain course of events in a country.
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. risk
d. phenomenon

7. Which of the following category is a man-made hazard?

a. storm surges
b. flooded coastal areas
c. Landslide on Mining sites
d. Oil Spills from shipping boat

8. Which of the following is NOT included in the phases of disaster?

a. recovery phase
b. planning phase
c. emergency phase
d. preparedness phase

9. A natural disaster where sea waves of local or distant origin that results from
large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes, major
submarine slides, or exploring volcanic hazards is called _______
a. earthquake
b. flood
c. tsunami
d. typhoon

10. During the initial stage of a disaster, almost all surface means of transportation
within the community are disrupted by broken bridges, roads, and streets that are
rendered impassable by landslides or floods. The restricted mobility of vehicles
makes rescue and other emergency operations doubly difficult. What is this impact/
effect of disaster?
a. economic impact
b. social and political impact
c. damage to critical facilities
d. disruption of transportation

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11. Which of the following variables will NOT determine the elements in identifying
disaster risk?
a. coping capacity
b. population explosion
c. vulnerability to a hazard
d. hazard (natural or man-made)

12. There are many impacts of Disaster, on what impact it will fall if a person is
suffering from post-traumatic stress syndrome?
a. physical wellbeing impact
b. mental wellbeing impact
c. social wellbeing impact
d. none of the above

13. Erica is outside the building. Which action should she do when she feels the
ground is shaking?
a. Stay away from trees, powerlines, post and concrete structures.
b. Move away from steep slopes which may be affected by landslides.
c. If near the shore and feel and earthquake, especially if it’s too strong,
move quickly to higher grounds.
d. All of the above.

14. The potential disaster losses in lives, health statuses, livelihoods, assets, and
services, which could occur in a particular community or a society over some
specified future time period is called _______________.
a. disaster risk
b. disaster mitigation
c. disaster prevention
d. disaster preparedness

15. Disaster has a great impact on which of the following aspect?

a. Bacteria
b. Human
c. Invention
d. Technology

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Additional Activities

Activity 1.6 The Search is Over

Direction: Search and encircle among the jumble of letters the key terms in
the definition of disaster according to the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center.
You should find nine (9) key terms.

Y N H E R M L B V C X A S T R A I C K Y
G Y R O S C O P I N N X I P L U C K Y S
O U R S I E B I L O S S E R O S A R I O
D E V A S T A T I O N O U O L A L M E N
S E E D L I N G F O R T E P L A A N K G
D I S E L I E G E V E N T E M E M R I T
Y A C T I E V T E N M I O R T A I N O U
X A N A R O U S F O R M U T O I T I O Z
C H A N E U R S E Y R O S Y O U O M I D
F U L L I A C A N N O T M O V E U P S Y
D R I V E N S T O W A R D E S T S W E T
H O S P I T A K I T S D A M A G E M E N
T S U D D E N D E O N T R K X U T O P Y
T Y N D A K O L Q I N U T T I E S D R O

Once your word hunt is complete, use the key terms to define Disaster. Your
definition should be a restatement/paraphrase of the definition by the Asian
Disaster Preparedness Center.
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________

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CO_Q1_DRRR SHS 20
Activity 1.4 Activity 1.3
Classification of 1. Natural
Disasters 2. Man-made
1. Natural 3. Natural
2. Man-made 4. Man-made
3. Natural 5. Man-made
4. Man-made 6. Natural
5. Man-made
6. Natural
Effects may varies...
Activity 1.2
1. Disaster
What I Know 2. Ring of Fire Assessment
3. Calamity
1. A 1. A
4. Earthquake
2. D 2. B
5. Volcanic
3. C 3. D
Eruption
4. D 4. B
6. Pacific Ocean
5. D 5. B
7. Typhoon
6. B 6. B
8. Natural
7. D 7. D
Disaster
8. B 8. B
9. Destrucion
9. D 9. C
10. Man Made
10.C 10.D
Disaster
11.C 11.B
12.A 12.A
13.C 13.D
14.B 14.A
15.A 15.B
Answer Key
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Activity 1.6
Y N H E R M L B V C X A S T R A I C K Y
G Y R O S C O P I N N X I P L U C K Y S
O U R S I E B I L O S S E R O S A R I O
D E V A S T A T I O N O U O L A L M E N
S E E D L I N G F O R T E P L A A N K G
D I S E L I E G E V E N T E M E M R I T
Y A C T I E V T E N M I O R T A I N O U
X A N A R O U S F O R M U T O I T I O Z
C H A N E U R S E Y R O S Y O U O M I D
F U L L I A C A N N O T M O V E U P S Y
D R I V E N S T O W A R D E S T S W E T
H O S P I T A K I T S D A M A G E M E N
T S U D D E N D E O N T R K X U T O P Y
T Y N D A K O L Q I N U T T I E S D R O

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References

Mahar, Patrick, et.al, “Disasters and their Effects on the Population: Key
Concepts,” Accessed (01 June 2020), https://www.aap.org/en-
us/Documents/disasters_dpac_PEDsModule1.

“Disasters and their Effects on the Population: Key Concepts,”, Accessed on

02 June 2020, pp. 7-10, https://www.aap.org/en-
us/Documents/disasters_dpac_PEDsModule1.

“Defining the Concepts”, Introduction to Disaster Risk Reduction, USAID from

the American people, pp.6-13, https://www.preventionweb.
net/files/26081_kp1concepdisasterrisk1.

“National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan”, (NDRRMP), 2011‐

2028,pp. 14-32, http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article
/41/NDRRM_Plan_2011-2028.pdf

Vergano, Dan, “5 Reasons the Philippines Is So Disaster Prone”, National

Geographic, November 11, 2013, https://www.nationalgeographic
.com/news/2013/11/131111-philippines-dangers-haiyan-
yolanda-death-toll-rises/

Guidance Note on Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction in to the CCA and

UNDAF, UNDG p.107, https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
/bitstream/10603/97142/10/10_chapter%202.pdf

Prevention Web Editor, “Disaster Risk”, UNDRR Prevention Web, November

12, 2015, https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/disaster-risk

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]

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