Member: Anobar, Amper, Atuel, Colanse, & Dionzon

II. Multiple Choice Problem Solving Compilations with solutions.

Instructions:
1. Refer to the materials posted as Assignment References 1 and 2
2. Problem statement must be type written and its solutions and with the corresponding
multiple choices.
3. Follow the format as stated above.
4. For the figures, you can screen shot and attached the picture.

ASSIGNMENT REFERENCE 1 (ME BOARD OCTOBER 1990)

1.01 In the LRT II project, steel railroad rails of 10 meters long are to be installed. If
lowest temperature considered is 16 °C, and a maximum temperature of 36 °C is designed
for, assuming coefficient of thermal expansion of steel to be11.6 x 10°6 m/m °C and modulus
of elasticity of steel to be 207,000 MPa. Determine the clearance between rails such that the
adjoining rail will just touch at maximum design temperature.

a.) 2.34mm b.) 2.32mm c.) 3.41mm d.) 1.78mm

Figure: Solution:
Clearance: δ = k (t2 - t1) L
= 11.6x10^-6(36 - 16)
(10)
= 0.00232m = 2.32mm

1.02 In the LRT II project, steel railroad rails of 10 meters long are to be installed. If
lowest temperature considered is 16 °C, and a maximum temperature of 36 °C is designed
for, assuming coefficient of thermal expansion of steel to be 11.6 x 10-6 m/m C and modulus
of elasticity of steel to be 207,000 MPa. Should the excessive high summer temperature of 40
°C occur, determine the induced stress in the rails at that temperature.

a.) 9.6048 MPa b.) 6.6342 MPa c.) 4.4178 MPa d.)
7.7841 MPa

Figure: Solution:
Stress = E ઠ/𝐿 = kE (t3 - t2)
= 11.6x10^-6 (207, 000) (40-36)
= 9.6048 MPa
1.03 What modulus of elasticity in tension is required to obtain a unit deformation
of0.00105 from a load producing a unit tensile stress of 45,000 psi ?

a.) 40 x10^6 to 45 x10^6 psi b.) 40 x10^6 to 41.5 x10^6 psi

c.) 50 x10^6 to 55 x10^6 psi d.) 46
x10^6 to 50 x10^6 psi

Solution: E= Stress / Strain

= 45 000 / 0.00105
= 42, 857, 143 psi

1.04 An engine part is being tested with a load of 30,000 Ib. The allowable tensile stress is
10,000 psi, modulus of elasticity of 40 x 10° psi. If the original length of specimen is 42
inches with elongation not exceeding 0.0015 inch, what diameter of the specimen is required
?

a.) 4.2 in b.) 3.0 in c.) 2.5 in d.) 5.17 in

Figure: Solution:
E = [4 F L] / [𝛑 D^2 ઠ]
40 x10^6 = [4 (30,000)(42)] / [𝛑 D^2
(0.0015)]
D = 5.17 in

1.05 Calculate the compressive stress of a signboard support with a load of 2000 Ib. A
hollow cylinder is used with an outside diameter of 6 inches and thickness of 0.75 inch.

a.) 161.68 psi b.) 200.68 psi c.) 160.95 psi d.) 320.445 psi

Solution: Compressive stress = (4 F) / (𝛑 D^2 - d^2)

but d = D - 2t = 6 -2 (0.75) = 4.5 in

Compressive Stress = [4 (2000)] / 𝛑 [(6)^2 - (4.5)^2] = 161.68 psi

1.06 A steel rod 75 inches long with a cross-sectional area of in? is held vertically firm at
one end while a load of 2500 Ib is suspended from the other end. If the rod stretches 0.025
inch, find the modulus of elasticity of the steel.

a.) 12.6 x10^6 psi b.) 11.5 x10^6 psi c.) 30 x10^6 psi d.) 27 x10^6 psi
Figure: Solution
E = (F L) / (ઠ A)
= [ 2 500(75) ] / [0.025(0.25)]
= 30 x10^6 psi

1.07 What load in Newton must be applied toa 25 mm round steel bar 2.5 m long (E = 207
GPa) to stretch the bar 1.3 mm?

a.) 42,000 b.) 52,840 c.) 53,000 d.) 60,000

Figure: Solution:
E = (F L) / (ઠ A)
A = 𝛑/4 D^2
= 𝛑/4 (25)^2 = 490.87 mm^2
So,
207 (1000) = [F (2.5) (1000)] / [1.3
(490.87)]
F = 52, 837.25 N

1.08 The shearing strain of a block of metal, 3 inches high is subject to a shearing high
force which distorts the top surface through a distance of 0.0036 inch:

a.) 0.0015 all in radians b.) 0.008 c.) 0.0010 d.) 0.0012

Figure: Solution:
Strain = ઠ/𝐿
= 0.0036 / 3
= 0.0012
1.09 What load P which cause a total deformation of 0.036 inch of a steel rack which has a
cross-section area of 4 sq. inches and a length of 6 ft?

a.) 45000 lb b.) 40.000 lb c.) 50.000 Ib d.) 60.000 Ib

Figure: Solution:
E = (P L) / (ઠ A)
So,
30 x10^6 = [P (6) (12)] / 0.0036 (4)
P = 60, 000 lb

1.10 A railroad track is laid at a temperature of 15 °F with gaps of 0.01 feet between the
ends of the rails. The rails are 33 feetlong. If they are prevented from buckling, what stress
will result from a temperature of 110 °F? (a. = 6.5 x 10^6per “F)

a.) 10,000 psi b.) 8,530 psi c.) 9,450 psi d.)9,980psi

Figure: Solution:
ઠ = a L (T2 - T1)
= 6.5 x10^6 (33) (110-15)
= 0.0204 ft

Strain = ઠ/𝐿
= 0.0204 / 33 = 3.15 x10^-4
Therefore:
Thermally induced Compressive Stress = (strain) x (E) where E = 30 x10^6 psi(for steel)
Sc = (3.15 x 10 - 4) (30 x10^6)
= 9, 450 psi

1.11 A thrust water has an inside diameter of 1/2-in and an outside diameter of 3-in. For
an allowable bearing pressure of 90 psi, how much axial load can it sustain

a.) 618.5 Ibs b.) 537.2 Ibs c.) 702.1 Ibs d.) 871.2 Ibs

Solution: F = p A
= p [𝛑/4 (D^2 - d^2)]
= 90 [𝛑/4 (3^2 - 0.5^2)]
F = 618.5 lbs

1.12 An air cylinder has a bore of 25 mm and is operated with shop air at a pressure of6.3
bars (approximately 90 psi). Find the push force exerted by the piston rod in Newtons,

a.) 27N b.) 70N c.) 402N d.) 305N

Solution: F = p A = p (𝛑/4 D^2) = 90 (𝛑/4) (25/25/4)^2
= 68.48 lbs
= 68.48 (9.81) / 2.205 F = 304.7 N
1.13 What pressure is required to punch a hole 2 in diameter through a ¼ steep plate?

a.) 10 tons b.) 20 tons c.) 30 tons d.) 40 tons

Figure: Solution:
F = sult (A) = sult (𝛑) (D) (t)
Where sult = 42, 000 psi (for steel)
F = 42, 000 (2) (𝛑) (2) (1 / 4)
= 65, 973.45 lb
= 65, 973.45 lb (1 ton / 2200 lb)
F = 29.99 tons

1.14 What force P is required to punch a ½ - in hole on a ⅜ - in thick plate if the ultimate
shear strength of the plate is 42, 000 psi?

a.) 24, 940 lbs b.) 24, 620 lbs c.) 24, 960 lbs d.) 24, 740 lbs

Figure: Solution:
P = Sult (𝛑 D t)
= 42, 000 𝛑 (1/2 ) (3/8 )
P = 24, 740 lbs
1.15 A 2.5 inch diameter by 2 in long journal bearing is to carry a 5500 lb load at 3600 rpm
using SAE 40 lube oil at 200 degree F through a single hole at 25 psi. Compute the bearing
pressure.

a.) 1100 psi b.) 900 psi c.) 1000 psi d.) 950 psi

Figure: Solution:
P = F/A A = DL

= 5 500 / (2.5 (2))

P = 1, 100 psi

1.16 What is the modulus of elasticity if the stress is 44,000 psi and a unit of 0.00105?

a) 41.905 x 10^6 b) 42.300 x 10^6 c) 41.202 x 10^6 d) 43.101 x 10^6

Solution:
𝑆 44 000 6
𝐸= ϵ = 0.00105
= 41. 905 𝑥 10

1.17 What modulus of elasticity in tension is required to obtain a unit of deformation of

0.00105 m/m from a load producing tensile stress of 44,000 psi?

a) 42.300 x 10^6 psi b) 41.202 x 10^6 psi c) 43.101 x 10^6 psi d) 41.9095x10^6 psi

Solution:
𝑆 44 000 6
𝐸= ϵ = 0.00105
= 41. 905 𝑥 10 𝑝𝑠𝑖

1.18 If the ultimate shear strength of a steel plate is 42,000 lb/in^2, what force is necessary to
punch a 0.75 inch diameter hole in a 0.625 inch thick plate?

a) 63 008 lbs b) 68 080 lbs c) 61 850 lbs d) 66 800 lbs

Figure:

Solution:
𝐹 = 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝐴 ; 𝐴 = π𝐷𝑡
=𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡 (π 𝑥 𝐷 𝑥 𝑡)
=42, 000 π (0. 75) (0. 625)
F =61, 805 𝑙𝑏𝑠
1.19 A steel tie rod on bridge must be made to withstand a pull of 5,000 lbs. Find the
diameter of the rod assuming a factor of safety of 5 and ultimate stress of 64,000 lb/in^2.

a) 0.75 in b) 0.71 in c) 0.89 in d) 0.79 in

Solution:
π 2
𝐹 = 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝐴 ; 𝐴 = 4
𝐷
𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡 π 2
= 5
(4𝐷 )
π 2
F = 20 𝐷 (𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡)
thus,
π 2
5,000 = 20 𝐷 (64, 000)
D =0.75 in

1.20 A steel weighing 480 lb/ft^2 has an ultimate strength of 80,000 psi. What is the
maximum length of steel rod that could be hung vertically from its upper end without
rupturing?

a) 2,000 ft b) 18,000 ft c) 24,000 ft d) 166.67 ft

Solution:
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 80 000(144)
𝐿 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 480
=24,000ft

1.21 What modulus of elasticity in tension is required to obtain a unit of deformation of

0.00105 from a load producing a unit tensile stress of 45,000 psi?

a) 40 x 10^6 to 45 x 10^6 psi c) 50 x 10^6 to 55 x 10^6 psi

b) 40 x 10^6 to 41.5 x 10^6 psi d) 46 x 10^6 to 50 x 10^6 psi

Solution:
𝑆 46 000
𝐸= ϵ = 0.00105
= 42, 857, 143 𝑝𝑠𝑖

1.22 An engine part is being tested with a load of 30,000 lb. The allowable tensile stress is
10,000 psi, modulus of elasticity of 40 x 10^6 psi. If the original length of specimen is 42
inches with elongation not exceeding 0.0015 inch, what diameter of the specimen is required?

a) 4.2 in b) 3.0 in c) 2.5 in d) 5.17 in

Solution:
4 𝐹𝐿
𝐸= 2
π𝐷 δ
6 4(30,000)(42)
40 x 10 = 2
π 𝐷 (0.0015)
𝐷 = 5. 17 𝑖𝑛

1.23 What force P is required to punch a half-inch hole on a 0.25-in thick plate if the ultimate
shearing stress of the plate is 44,000 psi?

a) 25,000 lb b) 15,000 lb c) 20,000 lb d) 17,276 lb

Figure:

Solution:
𝑃 = 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝐴 = π𝐷𝑡 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡
= π (0. 5) (0. 25)(44, 000)
P =17, 278. 76 𝑙𝑏

1.24 A steel rod 45 inches long with a cross-sectional area of ¼ in^2 is held vertically firm at
one end while a load of 2500 lb is suspended from the other end. If the rod stretches 0.025
inch, find the modulus of elasticity of the steel.

a) 12 x 10^6 psi b) 11.5 x 10^6 psi c) 30 x 10^6 psi d) 27 x 10^6 psi

Figure:

Solution:
2500(75) 6
𝐸 = 0.025(0.25) = 30 𝑥10 𝑝𝑠𝑖

1.25 A steel weighing 480 lb/ft^2 has an ultimate strength of 80,000 psi. What is the
maximum length of steel rod that could be hung vertically from its upper end without
rupturing?

b) 2,000 ft b) 18,000 ft c) 24,000 ft d) 166.67 ft

Solution:
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 80 000(144)
𝐿 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 480
=24,000ft
1.26 What load in Newton must be applied to a 25 mm round steel bar 2.5 m long (E=207
GPa) to stretch the bar 1.3mm?

a) 42,000 b) 52,840 c) 53,000 d) 60,000

Solution:
π 2 2
𝐴 = 4 (25) = 490. 87 𝑚𝑚
𝐹(2.5)(1000)
207 (1,000)= 1.3(490.87)
F= 52, 837. 25 𝑁

1.27 The shearing strain of a block of metal, 3 inches high is subjected to a shearing high
force which distarts the top surface through a distance of 0.0036 inch:

a) 0.0015 all in radians b) 0.008 c) 0.0010 d) 0.0012

Solution:
δ 0.0036
ε= 𝐿 = 3
= 0. 0012

1.28 What load P which cause a total deformation of 0.036 inch of a steel rack which has a
cross-section area of 4 sq. inches and a length of 6 ft.

a) 55,000 lb b) 40,000 lb c) 60,000 lb d)

50,000 lb

Figure:

Solution:
6 𝐹(6)(12)
30 𝑥 10 = 0.036(4)

F = 60,000 lb

1.29 A railroad track is laid at a temperature of 15° F with gaps of 0.01 feet between the ends
of the rails. The rails are 33 feet long. If they are prevented from bucking, what stress will
−6
result from a temperature of 110° F? (α = 6. 5 𝑥 10 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐹)

a) 10,000 psi b) 8,530 psi c) 9,450 psi d) 9,980 psi

Figure:

Solution:
𝐸𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, δ:
δ = α𝐿(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
−6
= 8. 5 𝑥 10 (33)(110 − 15)
= 0. 0204 𝑓𝑡
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑠:
δ 0.0204 − 0.01 −4
ε = 𝐿
= 33
= 3. 15 𝑥 10
Thermally induced Compressive Stress, Sc;
6
𝑆𝑐 = ε𝐸; 𝐸 = 30𝑥10 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙)
−4 6
= (3. 15𝑥10 )(20𝑥10 )
= 9450 𝑝𝑠𝑖

1.30 A thrust washer has an inside diameter of ½ in and an outside diameter of 3-in. For an
allowable bearing pressure of 90 psi, how much axial load can it sustain?

a) 618.5 lbs b) 537.2 lbs c) 702.1 lbs d) 871.2 lbs

Solution:
π 2 2
𝐹 = ρ𝐴 = ρ( 4 (𝐷 − 𝑑 ))
π 2 2
= 90[ 4 (3 − 0. 5 )]
= 618. 5 𝑙𝑏𝑠

1.31 An air cylinder has a bore of 25 mm and is operated with shop air at a pressure of 6.3
bars (approximately 90 psi). Find the push force exerted by the piston rod in Newtons.

a) 127 N b) 70 N c) 402 N d) 305 N

Solution:
For an Air Cylinder:
Push force exerted by Piston Red, F:
π 2
𝐹 = ρ𝐴 = ρ( 4 𝐷 )
π 25 2
= 90 ( 4 )( 25.4 )
= 68. 48 𝑙𝑏𝑠
68.48(9.81)
= 2.205
= 304. 7 𝑁
2.01 A drive of an outboard motor which rotates at speeds up to 5,000 rpm is supported by a
spline in the crankshaft at the upper end and a bearing at the lower end as shown. If the
engine develops 20 hp at this speed, what diameter solid steel shaft should be used? The
allowable torsional stress of 12,000 psi includes the factor of safety, endurance limit and
service conditions considerations.

a) ½ in b) ⅜ in c) ⅝ in d) ¾ in

Figure:

63000 𝐻𝑝
𝑇 = 𝑁
Solution:
63000 𝐻𝑝 63000(20)
𝑇 = 𝑁
= 5000
= 252 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏
Solving for shaft Diameter, D:
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
16(252)
12 000 = 3 = 𝐷 = 0. 475 𝑖𝑛.
π𝐷
(𝑠𝑎𝑦 1/2 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑠𝑒)

2.02 A drive of an outboard motor which rotates at speeds up to 5,000 rpm is supported by a
spline in the crankshaft at the upper end and a bearing at the lower end as shown. Is the
critical frequency of the shaft below 5,000 rpm/

a) >500 b) <500 c) = 500 d) None of the above

Figure:

Solution:
𝐷
𝑓 = 79000 2
𝐿
0.5
= 79 000 [ 2 ]
22
= 81. 61 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 / 𝑠𝑒𝑐
= 4, 896. 6 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 / 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 4, 896. 6 𝑟𝑝𝑚 < 5,000 rpm
Therefore, the critical frequency is below 5000
rpm.
2.03 A solid transmission shaft is 3.5 inches in
diameter. It is desired to replace it with a hollow
shaft of the same material and same torsional
strength but its weight should only be half as much as the solid shaft. Find the outside
diameter and the inside diameter of the hollow shaft in millimeters.

a) 107.315 mm ; 86.97 mm b) 112.231mm ; 84.60 mm c) 120.217mm ; 65.97

mm
 d) 131.204mm ; 54.30 mm

Figure:

Solution:
𝐷𝑠 𝐷𝑠 2 3.5 3.5 2
𝐷 = 2
+ 2
= 2
+ 2
𝐷 = 4. 225 𝑖𝑛 (107. 315𝑚𝑚)

2
2 𝐷𝑠
d= 𝐷 − ( 2
)
2
2 3.5
= 4. 225 − [ 2
] = 3. 424 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 86. 97 𝑚𝑚

2.04 A machine shaft turning at 600 rpm is supported on bearings 76 cm apart. Fifteen kW is
supplied through a 46 cm pulley located 26 cm to the right bearing. Power is transmitted from
the shaft through a 20 cm spur gear located 25 cm to the right of the left bearing. The belt
drive is at an angle of 60° above the horizontal. The pulley weighs 90 kg to provide some
flywheel effect. The ratio of belt tension is 3:1. The gear has a 20° tooth form and meshes
with another gear directly located above the shaft. Shaft materials has Su = 482,500 , Sy =
320 MPa. Design the shaft.

a) 30 mm b) 58 mm c) 39 mm d) 47 mm

Figure:

Solution:
Torque transmitted by the shaft:
60𝑘𝑊 60 (15)
𝑇 = 2π𝑁 = 2π(600) = 0. 2387 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
For gear:
2𝑇 2 (0.2387)
𝐹𝑡 = 𝐷𝑔 = 0.2
= 2. 387 𝑘𝑁

For pulley
𝐹1
𝐹2
= 3
𝐹1 = 3𝐹2

Then:
2𝑇 2(0.2387)
𝐹1 − 𝐹 2 = 𝐷𝑝
= 0.46
= 1. 0378 𝑘𝑁
3𝐹2 − 𝐹2 = 1. 0378 𝑘𝑁
𝐹2 = 0. 5189 𝑘𝑁
𝐹1 = 3(0. 5189) = 1. 5567 𝑘𝑁
𝐹 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 = 0. 5189 + 1. 5567 = 2. 0756 𝑘𝑁
𝐹ℎ = 𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠60° = 2. 0756𝑐𝑜𝑠 60° = 1. 0387 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑣 = 𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛60° − 𝑊𝑝 = 2. 0756𝑠𝑖𝑛 60° − 90(0. 00981) = 0. 9146 𝑘𝑁
 Reaction of Bearing: (Vertical Component)
Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0
26 𝐹𝑟 = 76 𝑅𝐵 = 102 𝐹𝑣
26 (0. 8688) + 76 (𝑅𝐵) = 102(0. 9146)
𝑅𝐵 = 0. 9303 𝑘𝑁
Σ𝑀𝐵 = 0
76 𝑅𝐴 = 50(0. 8688) + 26(0. 9146)
𝑅𝐴 = 0. 8845
Reaction of Bearing:
(Horizontal Component)
Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0:
76 𝑅𝐵 = 26𝐹𝑡 + 102 𝐹ℎ
76 𝑅𝐵 = 26(2. 387) + 102(1. 0387)
𝑅𝐵 = 2. 2106 𝑘𝑁
Σ𝑀𝐵 = 0
76 𝑅𝐴 + 26 𝐹ℎ = 50 𝐹𝑡
76 𝑅𝐴 + 26 (1. 0387) = 50(2. 387)
𝑅𝐴 = 1. 215 𝑘𝑁

Vertical Bending Moments:

𝑀𝐴 = 0
𝑀𝐶 = 0. 26𝑅𝐴 = 0. 26(0. 8845) = 0. 23 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐵 = 0. 26 𝐹𝑣 = 0. 26(0. 9146) = 0. 2378 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐷 = 0

Horizontal Bending Moments:

𝑀𝐴 = 0
𝑀𝐶 = 0. 26𝑅𝐴 = 0. 26(1. 215) = 0. 3159 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐵 = 0. 26 𝐹ℎ = 0. 26(1. 0387) = 0. 02701 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐷 = 0

So,
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0. 3159 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑇 = 0. 2387 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
The factor of safety:
𝐹𝑠 = 6(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑢); 𝐹𝑠 = 3 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑦)
Design stress, Sd:
 482 500
𝑆𝑑 = 6
= 80, 416. 67 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ( 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑢)
320 000
𝑆𝑑 = 3
= 106, 666. 67 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑦)
Allowable stress (allowing keyway effect):
𝑆 = 80, 416. 67(0. 75) = 60, 312. 5 𝑘𝑃𝑎

16 2 2
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 (𝑀 + 𝑀 +𝑇
π𝐷
16 2 2
60, 312. 5 = 3 [0. 3159 + (0. 31590 + (0. 2387) ]
π𝐷
D = 0.039m = 39mm

2.05 A single acting vertical air compressor, 4 inches bore by 6 inches stroke is driven from
an overhung crankshaft rotating at 400 rpm as shown in the sketch. Maximum tangential
force, F on crankpin is 2,000 kg. Allowable stress in shear is 300 kg/cm^2, allowable stress in
bending is 600 kg/cm^2. Nature of service and load is such that Kt = 1.3 and Km = 1.8.
Question: Calculate shaft diameter, D, in millimeters.

a) 12.483 cm. b) 13.582 cm. c) 11.668 cm. d) 14.851 cm.

Figure:

Solution:
Bending moment,
M = 2,000 (2.54) = 50,800 kg - cm
Torsional moment,
6
M = 2,000 ( 2 )(2.54) = 15,240 kg-cm

Solving for D based on Torsion

16 3 2
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 (𝐾𝑚 𝑀) + (𝐾𝑡𝑇)
π𝐷
16 2 2
300 = 3 (1. 8𝑥 50800) + (1. 3 𝑥 15240)
π𝐷
𝐷 = 11. 668 𝑐𝑚

Solving for D based on Bending

16 2 3
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 [𝐾𝑚𝑀 + (𝐾𝑚𝑀) + (𝐾𝑡𝑇) ]
π𝐷
16 2 3
600 = 3 [(1. 8 𝑥 50800 + (1. 8 𝑥 50800) + (1. 3 𝑥 15 240) ]
π𝐷
𝐷 = 11. 623
Therefore, Shaft Diameter, D = 11.668 cm (116.68 mm)

2.06 The shaft of a speed reducer is mounted on ball bearings A and B, as shown in the figure
below. The stub end of the shaft is fitted with a flexible coupling. The gear is 5-inches in
diameter and 5 hp are transmitted at 120 rpm/ Assuming on allowable stress Ssa = 6,500 psi,
determine the size of shaft required. Assume that the shaft is made of SAE 1020 steel.
Sult = 62,000 psi Se = 25,000 psi
Sy = 35,000 psi Sys = 24,000 psi

a) 15/16 in b) 1 3/6 in c) 1 11/16 in d) 1 7/16 in

Figure:

Solution:
Torque transmitted on the shaft, T:
63 000 𝐻𝑃 63 000 (5)
𝑇 = 𝑁
= 120
= 2625 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏
Tangential load on Gear, F:
2𝑇 2 (2 626)
𝐹 = 𝐷 = 5
= 1 050 𝑙𝑏𝑠
Bending Moment
𝐹𝐿 1 050 (8)
𝑀 = 4 = 4
= 2, 100 𝑙𝑏𝑠
Factor of Safety, SF:
𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡 62 000
𝑆𝐹 = 𝑆𝑦𝑠
= 24 000
= 2. 5
𝑆𝑦 35 000
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑆𝐹
= 2.5
= 14 000 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Solving for D based on Torsion:

16 2 2
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 𝑀 +𝑇
π𝐷
16 2 2
6 500 = 3 (2 100) + (2 625)
π𝐷
D = 1.381 in.

Solving for D based on Bending:

16 2 2
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 [𝑀 + 𝑀 +𝑇 ]
π𝐷
16 2 2
6 500 = 3 [2 100 + 2 100 + 2 625 ]
π𝐷
D = 1.257 in
Therefore, shaft diameter, D = 1.381 in. or 1 7/16 in.

2.07 A 76 mm solid shaft is used to be replaced with a hollow shaft of equal torsional
strength. Find the inside diameter and the percentage of weight saved, if the outside diameter
of the hollow shaft is 100 mm.

a) 56.53% b) 67.31% c) 48.49% d) 72.50%

Figure:

Solution:
For equal torsional strength:
𝑆𝑠 (𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑) 𝑆𝑠 (ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤)
16 𝑇
= 16 𝑇 (100)
 3 4 4
π(76) = π[(100) − 𝑑 ]
4 4 3
(100) − 𝑑 = 100 (76)
4 4 3
𝑑 = (100) − 100(76)
𝑑 = 86. 54 𝑚𝑚
Weight of Solid Shaft, Ws:
π 2 2
𝑊𝑠 = 4 [(100) − (86. 54) ]𝐿ρ = 1444π𝐿ρ
Weight of Hollow Shaft, Wh:
π 2 2
𝑊𝑠 = 4 [(100) − (86. 54) ]𝐿ρ = 627. 71π𝐿ρ

Percentage of Weight Saved

𝑊𝑠 − 𝑊ℎ
%𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 𝑊𝑠
𝑥 100
1444 𝐿ρ − 627.71π𝐿ρ
= 1444π𝐿ρ
𝑥 100
1444 − 627.71
= 1 444
𝑥 100
= 56. 53%

2.08 A solid shaft is to be used to transmit 75 kW at 550 rpm. If the shaft design stress will
not exceed 26 Newton/mm^2, determine the diameter of the solid shaft.

a) 63.42 mm b) 49.21 mm c) 69.84 mm d) 52.30 mm

Figure:

Solution:
Torque transmitted on the shaft, T:
60 𝑘𝑊 60 (75)
𝑇 = 2π𝑁 = 2 π(550) = 1. 3022 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
Shaft Diameter, D:
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
16(1.3022)
26 (1000) = 3
π𝐷
D = 0.06342m (63.42mm)

2.09 A centrifugal pump is directly coupled to a motor. The pump rating is 3,600 liters per
minute against a total head of 8 meters of water. Pump efficiency is 65% at shaft speed of 550
rpm. Calculate the torsional stress induced on the 40 mm diameter motor shaft.

a.) 11,193.45 KPa b.) 12,429.72 KPa c.) 10,010.85 KPa d.)
13,113.83 KPa

Solution:
Discharge, Q:
3
3600 𝑙𝑖 1𝑚 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Q= 𝑚𝑖𝑛
x 1000 𝑙𝑖
x 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐

Figure: Motor Power, Pm:

 ઠ𝑄ℎ 9.81 (0.06) (8)
Pm = 𝑒𝑝
= 0.65
= 7.2443 kW

Torque transmitted on motor shaft, T:

60 𝐾𝑊 60 (7.2443)
T = 2𝛑 𝑁 = T = 2𝛑 (550) = 0.1258 kN-m

Torsional Stress induced by motor shaft, Ss:

16 𝑇 16 (0.1258)
Ss = 3 = 3 = 10,010.85 kPa
𝛑𝐷 𝛑 (0.04)

2.10 A line shaft is to transmit 200 Hp at 900 rpm. Find the diameter of the shaft.
3 7 15 3
a.) 2 16
in b.) 2 16
in c.) 3 16
in d.) 1 16
in

Solution:
For the line shaft:
Figure: Shaft diameter, D:
3 53.5 𝐻𝑃 3 53.5 (200)
D= 𝑁
= 900
7
D = 2.282 or 2 16
in

2.11 A line shaft is to transmit 200 Hp at 900 rpm. If the line shaft is connected to a 2”
counter shaft with a speed of 1, 600 rpm, find the horsepower transmitted.

a.) 493 Hp b.) 465 Hp c.) 356 Hp d.) 200 Hp

Solution:
For Countershaft:
Figure: Power transmitted, P:
3 3
𝐷𝑁 (2) (1600)
P= 38
= 38
= 337 Hp

Therefore, the countershaft is

capable of transmitting
337 Hp, however, the power
transmitted for this shaft
is only the same as the line shaft
which is 200 Hp.

2.12 A 500 rpm shaft is fitted with a 30 inches (76.2 cm) diameter pulley weighing 250 lb
(113.6 kg). This pulley delivers 35 Hp (26.1 KW) to a load. The shaft is also fitted with a 24
in (61.0 cm) pitch diameter gear weighing 200 lb (90.9 kg). This gear delivers 25 Hp (18.65
KW) to a load. Assume that the tension of the tight side of the belt is twice than on the slack
side of the belt, determine the concentrated loads produced on the shaft by the pulley and the
gear in lb and in Newtons.
a.) 2,123 lbs (4537 N) b.) 1,321 lbs (5639 N) c.) 1,132 lbs (5036 N) d.)
1,431 lbs (5632 N)
63000 𝐻𝑝
List of formulas used: Tp = 𝑁
Solution:
2 𝑇𝑝
(F1 - F2) = 𝐷𝑝 Note: This problem can be solved
in different ways
Fp = F1 + F2 + Wp depending upon what
position you consider.
63000 𝐻𝑝
Tg = 𝑁
Considering the position of
the system shown,
2 𝑇𝑔
Ft = 𝐷𝑔
since there’s no specific
position given.
𝐹𝑔 = Ft + 𝑊𝑔
For the Pulley:
Torque developed by the Pulley,
Tp:
Figures:
63000 𝐻𝑝
Tp = 𝑁
=
63000 (35)
500
= 4,410 in-lb

Net Belt Pull:

2 𝑇𝑝
(F1 - F2) = 𝐷𝑝
=
2(4410)
30
= 294 lbs
2F2 - F2 = 294
F2 = 294 lbs
F1 = 2 (294) = 588 lbs

Concentrated load produced on

the shaft by the
Pulley:
Fp = F1 + F2 + Wp = 588
+ 294 + 250
= 1,132 lbs (5036 N)

For the Gear:

Torque developed by the Gear,
Tg:
63000 𝐻𝑝
Tg = 𝑁
=
63000 (25)
500
= 3150 in-lb

Tangential load of Gear, Ft:

2 𝑇𝑔 2 (3150)
Ft = 𝐷𝑔 = 24
=
262. 5 lbs

Concentrated load produced on

the shaft by the Gear:
 𝐹𝑔 = Ft + 𝑊𝑔 = 262.5 +
200
= 462.5 lbs (2,058 N)

2.13 A steel shaft is subjected to a constant torque of 2,260 N-m. The ultimate strength and
yield strength of the shafting material are 668 MPa and 400 MPa respectively. Assume a
factor of safety of 2 based on the yield point and endurance strength in shear, determine the
diameter of the shaft in inches.

a.) 1.521 in b.) 1.915 in c.) 2.321 in d.) 2.417 in

𝑆𝑦
List of formulas used: Sty = 𝐹𝑆
𝑆𝑡𝑦
Ss max = 2
16 𝑇
Ss = 3 Solution:
𝛑𝐷
𝑆𝑦 400
Sty = 𝐹𝑆
= 2
= 200 MPa
Figure:
𝑆𝑡𝑦 200
Ss max = 2
= 2
= 100 MPa

Solving for shaft diameter, D:

16 𝑇
Ss = 3
𝛑𝐷

16 (2260)(1000)
100 = 3
𝛑𝐷

D = 48.64 mm (1.915 in)

2.14 A steel shaft transmits 40 Hp at 1,400 rpm. Considering allowable shearing stress
based on pure torsion to be 5000 psi, find the shaft diameter of nearest commercial size.
5 3 11 7
a.) 1 16
in b.) 1 16
in c.) 1 16
in d.) 1 16
in

63000 𝐻𝑃
List of formulas used: T = 𝑁
Solution:
16 𝑇
Ss = 3 Torque transmitted on the shaft,
𝛑𝐷
T:
63000 𝐻𝑃 63000 (40)
T= 𝑁
= 1400
= 1800 in-lb
Figure:
Shaft diameter, D:
16 𝑇
Ss = 3
𝛑𝐷
16 (1800)
5000 = 3
𝛑𝐷
 7
D = 1.224 in or 1 16
in (commercial size)

2.15 A steel shaft transmits 40 Hp at 1,400 rpm. Considering allowable shearing stress
based on pure torsion to be 5000 psi, find the torsional deflection of the shaft in degrees per
foot.

a.) 0.392 degrees/foot b.) 0.246 degrees/foot c.) 0.541 degrees/foot d.)
0.435 degrees/foot
63000 𝐻𝑃
List of formulas used: T = 𝑁
16 𝑇
Ss = 3
𝛑𝐷
θ 32 𝑇 (12) 180 6
𝐿
= 4 x 𝛑
; G = 12x10 psi (for steel)
𝛑𝐷 𝐺

Figure: Solution:

Torque transmitted on the shaft, T:

63000 𝐻𝑃 63000 (40)
T= 𝑁
= 1400
= 1800 lb-in

Shaft diameter, D:
16 𝑇
Ss = 3
𝛑𝐷
16 (1800)
5000 = 3
𝛑𝐷
7
D = 1.224 in or 1 16
in (commercial size)

θ
Torsional Deflection, 𝐿
:
θ 32 𝑇 (12) 180
𝐿
= 4 x 𝛑
𝛑𝐷 𝐺
32 (1800) (12) 180
= 4 6 x 𝛑
𝛑(1.4375) (12𝑥10 )

= 0.246 degrees/foot

2.16 A 48 inches diameter diamond saw blade is mounted on a pulley driven steel shaft,
requiring a blade peripheral linear speed of 150 ft/sec. Motor drive is 125 Hp at 1200 rpm,
with 6 inches diameter pulley. Determine the shaft rpm to attain blade peripheral speed
required.
a.) 716.2 rpm b.) 635.3 rpm c.) 539.1 rpm d.)
481.4 rpm

List of formula used: V = 𝛑 Ds N2 Solution:

Speed of line shaft, N2:

Figure: V = 𝛑 Ds N2
150 (12) (60) = 𝛑 (48) N2

N2 = 716.2 rpm

2.17 A 48 inches diameter diamond saw blade is mounted on a pulley driven steel shaft,
requiring a blade peripheral linear speed of 150 ft/sec. Motor drive is 125 Hp at 1200 rpm,
with 6 inches diameter pulley. Determine the shaft diameter.

a.) 1.483 in b.) 3.204 in c.) 2.106 in d.) 4.392 in

List of formulas used: V = 𝛑 Ds N2

3 53.5 𝑃
D= 𝑁2

Figure: Solution:

Speed of line shaft, N2:

V = 𝛑 Ds N2
150 (12) (60) = 𝛑 (48) N2
N2 = 716.2 rpm

Assuming power transmitted at

the line shaft to be
equal to that of the drive motor:

For line shaft:

3 53.5 𝑃
D = 𝑁2
=
3 53.5 (125)
716.2
D = 2.106 in
2.18 A 48 inches diameter diamond saw blade is mounted on a pulley driven steel shaft,
requiring a blade peripheral linear speed of 150 ft/sec. Motor drive is 125 Hp at 1200 rpm,
with 6 inches diameter pulley. Determine the shaft pulley diameter.

a.) 11.048 in b.) 10.053 in c.) 12.035 in d.) 10.721 in

List of formula used: V = 𝛑 Ds N2 Solution:

3 53.5 𝑃
D= 𝑁2
Speed of line shaft, N2:
D1N1 = D2N2
V = 𝛑 Ds N2
150 (12) (60) = 𝛑 (48) N2
Figure: N2 = 716.2 rpm

Assuming power transmitted at

the line shaft to be
equal to that of the drive motor:

For line shaft:

3 53.5 𝑃
D = 𝑁2
=
3 53.5 (125)
716.2
D = 2.106 in

Shaft Pulley Diameter, D2:

D1N1 = D2N2
6(1200) = D2 (716.2)

D2 = 10.053 in

2.19 In the design of marble tiling machine, which components are a drive motor, V-belt
transmission to a horizontal shaft, at the end of which is mounted a circular diamond blade 1
meter distance from the V-belt shaft pulley, and a block carriage trolley, some factors are
established and some are required. If a 1.0 meter diameter blade is used which requires a
peripheral or circular speed of 40 meters per second, and the drive motor runs at 1700 rpm,
find the diameters or diameter ratio of the motor driving pulley over that of the driven shaft
pulley.

a.) 0.6594 b.) 0.9583 c.) 0.4494 d.) 0.5582

List of formulas used: V = 𝛑 Ds N2 Solution:
𝑁1 𝐷2
𝑁2
= 𝐷1 The Speed of Driven Pulley, N2:
V = 𝛑 Ds N2
Figure: 40 (60) = 𝛑 (1.0) N2
N2 = 764 rpm

The Ratio of Pulley Diameters:

𝑁1 𝐷2 764
𝑁2
= 𝐷1
= 1700
=
0.4494

2.20 In the design of marble tiling machine, which components are a drive motor, V-belt
transmission to a horizontal shaft, at the end of which is mounted a circular diamond blade 1
meter distance from the V-belt shaft pulley, and a block carriage trolley, some factors are
established and Some are required. Ifthe above motor is Fated at 150 Hp and the shaft turns at
770 rpm, find the diameter of the shaft.

a.) 2184 in b.) 3492 in c.) 1219 in d.) 235 in

3 53.5 𝑃
List of formulas used: 𝐷2 = 𝑁
Solution:

For Line Shas Caring Pulleys.

The haf Diameter, Dy:
Figure:

3 53.5 𝑃 3 53.5 (150)

𝐷2 = 𝑁
= 770

𝐷2 = 2. 184 𝑖𝑛 (55. 47 𝑚𝑚)

2.21 An induction electric motor delivers 80 Hp at 120 rpm to the shaft. This power drives
two machines, located at sections A and B, repectively. A 20 Hp is used to drive the unit A,
and 60 Hp the unit at B. Diameter of the shaft is 3 inches, G= 12,000,00 psi. Find the
maximum shear stress produced by torsion in each shaft.

a) 5039.18 psi b) 1850.17 psi c) 4329.21 psi d) 3961.19 psi

 80𝑃
List of formulas used: 𝑁 = 3 Solution:
𝐷
63000 𝐻𝑃
𝑇 = 𝑁
For Main-Power Transmitting shaft:
16𝑇 80𝑃 80(20)
𝑆𝑠 = 3 𝑁𝐴 = 3 = 3 = 59. 26 ≈ 60 𝑟𝑝𝑚
π𝐷 𝐷 (3)
80𝑃 80(60)
Figure: 𝑁𝐵 = 3 = 3 = 117. 78 ≈ 180 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝐷 (3)
Torque transmitted by each shaft, T:
63000 𝐻𝑃
𝑇𝐴 = 𝑁 𝐴
63000 𝐻𝑃 63000(60)
𝑇𝐵 = 𝑁𝐵
= 180
= 21000 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑏
Maximum Shear Stress for each shaft, Ss:
16𝑇𝐴 16(21000)
𝑆𝑠𝐴 = 3 = 3 = 3961. 19 𝑝𝑠𝑖
π𝐷 π(3)
16𝑇𝐵 16(21000)
𝑆𝑠𝐵 = 3 = 3 = 3961. 19 𝑝𝑠𝑖
π𝐷 π(3)

2.22 An induction electric motor delivers 80 Hp at 120 rpm to the shaft. This power drives
two machines, located at sections A and B, repectively. A 20 Hp is used to drive the unit A,
and 60 Hp the unit at B. Diameter of the shaft is 3 inches, G= 12,000,00 psi. The angle of
twist of the shaft.

a) 0.2321 deg/ft b) 0.1329 deg/ft c) 0.1513 deg/ft d) 0.1512 deg/ft

63000 𝐻𝑃
List of formulas used: 𝑇 = 𝑁
Solution:
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
63000 𝐻𝑃 63000(60)
𝑇𝐵 = 𝑁𝐵
= 180
= 21000 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑏
ϕ 32𝑇 (12) 180
(𝐿) = 4 ( π
) Maximum Shear Stress for each shaft, Ss:
π𝐷 𝐺
16𝑇𝐴 16(21000)
Figure: 𝑆𝑠𝐴 = 3 = 3 = 3961. 19 𝑝𝑠𝑖
π𝐷 π(3)

16𝑇𝐵 16(21000)
𝑆𝑠𝐵 = 3 = 3 = 3961. 19 𝑝𝑠𝑖
π𝐷 π(3)
Angle of twist of the shaft, ϕ/𝐿:
(Assume the shaft material to be steel)
ϕ 32𝑇 (12) 180
( 𝐿 )𝐴 = 4 ( π )
π𝐷 𝐺

6
𝐺 = 12 × 10 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙)
32(21000)(12)(180)
= 2 4 6 = 0. 1513 𝑑𝑒𝑔/𝑓
π (3) (12×10 )
ϕ 32𝑇 (12) 180
( 𝐿 )𝐵 = 4 ( π
)
π𝐷 𝐺

32(21000)(12)(180)
= 2 4 6 = 0. 1513 𝑑𝑒𝑔/𝑓
π (3) (12×10 )
 Therefore
Both unit of machines have equal values of
shear stress and angle of twist.

2.23 A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 0.035 m. and an outer diameter of 0.06 m.
Compute for the torque if the shear stress is not to exceed 120 GPa in KN-m

a) 4500 b) 4100 c) 4300 d) 4150

Solution:
4 4
π(𝐷 −𝑑 )𝑆𝑠
Figure: 𝑇 = 16𝐷

4 4 9
π(0.06 −0.035 )(120×10 )
𝑇 = 16(0.06)
= 4500086 𝑁𝑚
𝑇 = 4500 𝑘𝑁 · 𝑚

2.24 If the weight of 6" diameter by 48" long SAE 1030 shafting is 174.5 kg. then what
will be the weight of chromium SAE 51416 of same size?

a) 305.79 lbs b) 426.70 lbs c) 347.96 lbs d) 465.89 lbs

Solution:
Figure: Thus,

𝑊 = 𝑆𝐺(ρ𝑤)𝑉 = 7. 1(62. 4)(0. 7854)

𝑊 = 347. 96 𝑙𝑏𝑠

2.25 A 3 inches diameter short shaft carrying 2 pulleys close to the bearings transmit how
much horsepower if the shaft makes 280 rpm.

a) 381.43 Hp b) 198.95 Hp c) 232.60 Hp d) 425.92 Hp

3
𝐷𝑁
List of formulas used: 𝑃 = 38
Solution:
Figure: For short shafts:
Power transmitted, p:
3 3
𝐷𝑁 (3) (280)
𝑃= 38
= 38
= 198. 95 𝐻𝑝
2.26 A round steel shaft rotates 200 rpm and is subjected to a torque of 226 N-m. The
allowable shearing stress 41.4 MPa. It is also subjected to a bending moment of 339 N-m.
The allowable tensile stress is 55 MPa. Find the diameter.

a) 37 mm b) 41 mm c) 45 mm d) 51 mm

2 2
List of formulas used: 𝑇𝑒 = 𝑀 +𝑇 Solution:
16𝑇𝑒
𝑆𝑠 = 3 Considering Equivalent Twisting Moment; Te;
π𝐷
32𝑀𝑒 2 2 2 2
𝑆𝑡 = 3 𝑇𝑒 = 𝑀 +𝑇 = 339 + 226
π𝐷
Figure: 𝑇𝑒 = 407. 43 𝑁 · 𝑚
Then,
16𝑇𝑒
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
6 16(407.43)
41. 4 × 10 = 3
π𝐷
32𝑀𝑒
𝑆𝑡 = 3
π𝐷
6 32(373.215)
55 × 10 = 3
π𝐷
𝐷 = 0. 041 𝑜𝑟 41 𝑚𝑚
Therefore,
𝑈𝑠𝑒, 𝐷 = 41𝑚𝑚

2.27 A shaft rotates 1000 rpm and transmits 560 Watts. The shaft is subjected to torsion
only and the working stress is to be 41.4 MPa. Find the diameter

a) 6.9 mm b) 7.3 mm c) 8.7 mm d) 9.2 mm

List of formulas used: 𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁 Solution:

16𝑇𝑒
𝑆𝑠 = 3 Power, P:
π𝐷
Figure: 𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁
1000
560 = 2π𝑇( 60 )
 𝑇 = 5. 348 𝑁 · 𝑚
Then,
Diameter, D
16𝑇𝑒
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
6 16(5.348)
41. 4 × 10 = 3
π𝐷

−3
𝐷 = 8. 7 × 10 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 8. 7 𝑚𝑚

2.28 A 25 mm round steel shaft transmits 4.5 kW and rotates 200 rpm. If this shaft is
subjected to pure torsion, what shearing stress is induced?

a) 45 MPa b) 62.5 MPa c) 70 MPa d) 96 MPa

List of formulas used: 𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁 Solution:

16𝑇𝑒
𝑆𝑠 = 3 Power, P:
π𝐷
Figure: 𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁
3 200
4. 5 × 10 = 2π( 60
)
𝑇 = 214. 86 𝑁 · 𝑚
Thus,
Shearing Stress, Ss:
16𝑇 16(214.86)
𝑆𝑠 = 3 = 3
π𝐷 π(0.025)

𝑆𝑠 = 70033472 𝑃𝑎 𝑜𝑟 70 𝑀𝑃𝑎

2.29 A 102 mm diameter solid shaft is to be replaced with a hollow shaft equally strong
(torsion) and made of the same material. The outside diameter of the hollow shaft is to be 127
mm. What should be the inside diameter? The allowable shearing stress is 41.4 MPa?

a) 107.88 mm b) 105.82 mm c) 291.53 mm d) 109.60 mm

16𝑇 16𝑇𝐷𝑜
List of formulas used: 3 = 4 4 Solution:
π𝐷 π(𝐷𝑜 −𝐷𝑖 )
Figure: 𝑆𝑠 (𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑) = 𝑆𝑠 (ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤)
16𝑇 16𝑇𝐷𝑜
3 = 4 4
π𝐷 π(𝐷𝑜 −𝐷𝑖 )
3 4 4
𝐷𝑜𝐷 = 𝐷𝑜 − 𝐷𝑖
4 4 3
𝐷𝑖 = 𝐷𝑜 − 𝐷𝑜𝐷
 4 4 3
𝐷𝑖 = (127) − 127(102)
𝐷𝑖 = 105. 82 𝑚𝑚

2.30 A 6.35 mm shaft is designed with a working stress of 48 MPa in shear. If it rotates at
1725 rpm, how much power can it safely transmit ?

a) 436 Watts b) 521 Watts c) 673 Watts d) 712 Watts

16𝑇
List of formulas used: 𝑆𝑠 = 3 Solution:
π𝐷
16𝑇
𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁 𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
6 16𝑇
Figure: 48 × 10 = −3 3
π(6.35×10 )
𝑇 = 2. 413 𝑁 · 𝑚
Thus,
𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁
1725
𝑃 = 2π(2. 413)( 60 )
𝑃 = 435. 89 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

2.31 Problem:
A 3.175 mm diameter round steel shaft was designed for a torsional stress of 55 MPa. If it is
subjected to pure torsion, how much torque can it transmit?
a) 0.6543 N-m b) 0.5634 N-m c) 0.3465 N-m d) 0.3456 N-m
Figure: Solution
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
6 16𝑇
55𝑥10 = −3 3
π(3.175𝑥10 )
𝑇 = 0. 3456 𝑁 − 𝑚

2.32 Problem:
A 3.175 mm diameter round steel shaft was designed for a torsional stress of 55 MPa. If it
rotates 2000 rpm, what power can it transmit?
a) 58.38 Watts b) 62.5 Watts c) 68.5 Watts d) 72.38 Watts
Figure: Solution:
6 16𝑇
55𝑥10 = −3 3
π(3.175𝑥10 )
𝑇 = 0. 3456 𝑁 − 𝑚Thus,
𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁
2000
𝑃 = 2π(0. 3456)( 60
)
𝑃 = 72. 38 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
2.33 Problem:
A 6.35 mm steel shaft transmit 3.39 N-m of torque; the effective length of the shaft is 304.8
mm. The modulus of elasticity in shear is 83 GPa. Find the angular deflection in degrees.
a) 3.28° b) 4.48° c) 6.72° d) 9.31°
Figure: Solution:
4
π𝐷
𝐽= 32
Then,
𝑇𝐿
θ= 𝐽𝐺
Thus,
32 𝑇𝐿
θ= 4
π𝐷 𝐺
−3
32(3.39)(304.8𝑥10 )
θ= −3 4 9
π(3.35𝑥10 ) (83𝑥10 )
180
θ= 0. 078 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ( π )
θ = 4. 48°

2.34 Problem:
A steel shaft operates at 188 rad/s and must handle 2 kW of power. The shearing, stress is not
2 2
to exceed 40 𝑀𝑁/𝑚 and the transverse modulus of elasticity is 80𝐺𝑁/𝑚 . Calculate the
minimum shaft diameter based on pure torsion.
a) 9 mm b) 11 mm c) 13 mm d) 15 mm
Figure: Solution:
,,
𝑃 = 𝑇𝑤
3
2𝑥10 = 𝑇(188)
𝑇 = 10. 638 𝑁 − 𝑚
Thus,
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
6 16(10.638)
40𝑥10 = 3
π𝐷
𝐷 = 0. 011 𝑚 or
𝐷 = 11 𝑚𝑚

2.35 Problem:
A round steel shaft transmits 373 Watts at 1800 rpm. The shear modulus of elasticity is 83
GPa. The torsional deflection is not to exceed 1 deg in a length equal to 20 diameters. Find
the shaft diameter.
a). 6.53 mm b) 8.72 mm c) 12.84 mm d) 18.16 mm
Figure: Solution:
 π 32 (1979)(20 𝐷)
𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁 1°( 180° ) = 4 9
π𝐷 (83𝑥10 )
1800 3 32 (1979)(20 )(180)
373 = 2π𝑇( 60
) 𝐷 = 2 9
π (83𝑥10 )
−3
𝑇 = 1. 979 𝑁 − 𝑚 𝐷 = 6. 53𝑥10 or
And, 𝐷 = 6. 5 𝑚𝑚
4
π𝐷
𝐽= 32
(for Solid Shaft)
Then,
𝑇𝐿
θ= 𝐽𝐺
32 𝑇𝐿
θ= 4
π𝐷 𝐺
2.36 Problem:
A 25 mm diameter shaft is to be replaced with a hollow shaft of the same material, weighing
half as much, but equally strong in torsion. The outside diameter of the hollow shaft is to be
38 mm. Find the inside diameter.
a) 21.25 mm b) 33.64 mm c) 47.21 mm d) 50.28 mm
Figure: Solution:
1
𝑊 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 2
𝑊 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑
Where,
𝑊 = 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑝𝐴𝐿
So,
π 2 2 1 π 2
𝑝(𝐿)( 4 )(𝐷𝑜 − 𝐷𝑖 ) = 2
𝑝(𝐿)( 4 )𝐷
2 2 1 2
𝐷𝑖 = 𝐷𝑜 − 2
𝐷
2 1 2
𝐷𝑖 = (38) − 2
(25)
𝐷𝑖 = 33. 64 𝑚𝑚

2.37 Problem:
A 6.35 mm shaft is subjected to torsion alone. If the design stress is 41.4 MPa, how much
power can it transmit if it is rotating 2,000 rpm ?
a) 436 Watts b) 721 Watts c) 823 Watts d) 943 Watts
Figure: Solution:
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
6 16𝑇
41. 4𝑥10 = 3
π(0.00635)
𝑇 = 2. 081 𝑁 − 𝑚
Thus,
 𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁
2000
𝑃 = 2π(2. 081)( 60
)
𝑃 = 435. 84 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

2.38 Problem:
A 3.175 mm diameter round steel shaft I was designed for a torsional stress of 55 MPa. If the
shaft is subjected to pure torsion, how much torque can it transmit?
a) 12.5 kN-m b) 19.2 kN-m c) 26.8 kN-m d) 34.3 kN-m
Figure: Solution:
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
6 16𝑇
55𝑥10 = −3
π(3.175𝑥10 )
𝑇 = 34, 287. 54 𝑁 − 𝑚 or
𝑇 = 34. 3 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

2.39 Problem:
A main power transmitting shaft transmits 350 kW to drive a generator at 2500 rpm. What is
the required diameter of the shaft?
a) 58.5 mm b) 62.7 mm c) 65.3 mm d) 56.2 mm
Figure: Solution:
(For Main Power Transmitting Shafts)
3
𝐷𝑁
𝑃= 80
3
350 𝐷 (2500)
0.748
= 80
𝐷 = 2. 467 𝑖𝑛 (62. 7 𝑚𝑚)

2.40 Problem:
A line shaft carrying gears and pulleys runs at 1,800 rpm. If the diameter of the shaft is
2.0-in. What power can be safety transmitted in kW?
a) 251 kW b) 192 kW c) 201 kW d) 197 kW
Figure: Solution:
(For Line Shafts carrying Pulleys)
3
𝐷𝑁
𝑃= 53.5
3
(2) (1800)
𝑃= 53.5
𝑃 = 269. 16 𝐻𝑝 (200. 79 𝑘𝑊)
2.41 Problem:
How fast is the gear running is a shaft 57.15 mm in diameter receiving from an engine of 400
kW?
a) 4,000 rpm b) 3,500 rpm c) 4,500 rpm d) 3,800 rpm
Figure: Solution
(For Main Power Transmitting Shaft)
3
𝐷𝑁
𝑃= 80
57.13 3
400 ( 25.4
)𝑁
0.746
= 80
𝑁 = 3, 765. 86 𝑟𝑝𝑚 (𝑠𝑎𝑦 3800 𝑟𝑝𝑚)

2.42 Problem:
A small short shaft 82.55 mm in diameter transmit 186.5 KW. What would be the linear
speed of a pulley 50 cm in diameter mount on the shaft?
a) 1,426 ft/min b) 30 ft/sec c) 2,506 ft/min d) 1,252 ft/min
Figure: Solution:
(For Short Shafts)
3
𝐷𝑁
𝑃= 38
82.55 3
186.5 ( 25.4
)𝑁
0.746
= 38
𝑁 = 276. 74 𝑟𝑝𝑚
Linear Speed of a Pulley, V:
50
𝑉 = π𝐷𝑁 = ( 100 )(3. 28)(276. 74)
𝑉 = 1425. 82 𝑓𝑡/𝑚𝑖𝑛

2.43 Problem:
A transmission shaft sustains 7,000 psi of stress. If the diameter of shaft 1.43375 inches.
What torque can safely be transmitted?
a) 4,051 in-lb b) 4,000 in-lb c) 5,500 in-lb d) 3,892 in-lb
Figure: Solution:
Torque that can be safely transmitted, T:
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
16𝑇
7000 = 3
π(1.43375)
𝑇 = 4050. 87𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏
2.44 Problem:
What factor of safety is needed for a 1.998-in diameter shafter with an ultimate strength of
50,000 psi to transmit 40,000 in-lb of torque.
a) 2.25 b) 1.95 c) 2.14 d) 1.55

Figure: Solution:
Shearing Stress induce by the Shaft, Ss:
16𝑇 16(40,000)
𝑆𝑠 = 3 = 3 = 25, 541. 34𝑝𝑠𝑖
π𝐷 π(1.998)
Thus,
Factor of safety, FS:
𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡 50000
𝐹𝑆 = 𝑆𝑠
= 25541.34
= 1. 96

2.45 Problem:
A 7.5 MW gas turbine running at 4,500 rpm delivers power to a municipality. What is the
diameter of the transmission shaft in mm.
a) 148.419 mm b) 143.99 mm c) 140 mm d) 143 mm
Figure: Solution:
For main Power Transmitting Shaft:
3
𝐷𝑁
𝑃= 80
3
7.5(1000) 𝐷 (4500)
0.746
= 80
𝐷 = 5. 633 𝑖𝑛 (143. 08𝑚𝑚)

2.46 Problem:
A tubular shaft, having an inner diameter of 30 mm and an outer diameter of 42 mm, is to be
used to transmit 90 kW of power. Determine the frequency of rotation of the shaft so that the
shear stress cannot exceed 50 MPa.
a) 26.6 Hz b) 20.6 Hz c) 97.5 Hz d) 66.5 Hz
Figure: Solution:
Torque transmitted on the Shaft, T:
16𝑇𝐷
𝑆𝑠 = 4 4
π(𝐷 −𝑑 )
16𝑇(0.042)
50(1000) = 4 4
π[(0.042) −(0.030) ]
𝑇 = 0. 538𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
Thus,
Frequency of Rotation, f:
𝑃 90
𝑓= 2π𝑇
= 2π(0.538)
= 26. 6𝐻𝑧

2.47 Problem:
The moment of inertia of a solid circular shaft with a radius of 30 mm:
14π 18π 81π
a) 8
cm4 b) 4
cm4 c) 4
cm4 d) 148π cm4
Figure: Solution:
For Solid Circular Shaft:
Moment of Inertia, 1:
4 4
π𝐷 π(2×3) 1296π
𝐼= 64
= 64
= 64
81π 4
= 4
𝑐𝑚
2.48 Problem:
A 3" diameter short shaft carrying 2 pulleys close to the bearings transmit how much
horsepower the shaft makes 280 rpm.
a) 199 Hp b) 198 Hp c) 200 Hp d) 210 Hp
Figure: Solution:
3 3
𝐷𝑁 (3) (280)
𝑃= 38
= 38
= 198. 95𝐻𝑝

2.49 Problem:
Two circular shafts, one hollow and one solid, are made of the same material and have
diameters as follows: hollow shaft inside diameter is one-half of the external diameter. The
external diameter is equal to the diameter of the solid shaft. What is the ratio of the twisting
moment of the hollow shaft to that of the solid shaft?
1 1 9 15
a) 4
b) 2
c) 16
d) 16
Figure: Solution:
Let, D= outsidelexternal diameter of solid and hollow shaft
d= inside diameter of hollow shaft
For Same Material:
Ss (solid)= Ss (hollow)
Ratio of Twisting Moment:
4 4
π(𝐷 −𝑑 )𝑆𝑠
𝑇ℎ 16𝐷
𝑇𝑠
= π𝐷 𝑆𝑠
3

16
4 4
𝐷 −𝑑 1
= 4 ;𝑑 = 2
𝐷
𝐷
4 𝐷 4
𝐷 (2)
= 4
𝐷
4
4 𝐷
𝐷 −( 2
) 1
= 4 = 1− 16
𝐷
15
= 16

2.50 Problem:
The maximum torque that can be applied to a hollow circular steel shaft of 120 mm outside
diameter and 80 mm inside diameter without exceeding a shearing stress of 80 MPa is:
a) 18.46 KN-m b) 36.24 KN-m c) 42.83 KN-m d) 21.78 KN-m
Figure: Solution:
For Hollow Circular Shaft:
Maximum Torque that can be applied, T:
16𝑇𝐷
𝑆𝑠 = 4 4
π(𝐷 −𝑑 )
16𝑇(0.120)
80(1000) = 4 4
π[(0.120 )−(0.080) ]
𝑇 = 21. 78𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2.51 Problem:
A compressive load of 30 kN is applied to a slender tube higned at both ends. The outisde is
75 mm and the length is 3 m. The allowable compressive stress is 152 MPa, and a factor of
safety of 2 is desired. What is the requried tube thickness.
a) 0.98 mm b) 1.70 mm c) 1.56 mm d) 1.40 mm
Figure: Solution:
For Slender Tubing:
𝐹
Compressing stress,Sc: 𝑆𝑐 = 𝐴
4(30)(1000)
76 = 2 2
π[(75) −𝑑 ]
2 2 4(30)(1000)
(75) − 𝑑 = 76π
2
5625 − 𝑑 = 502. 59
𝑑 = 71. 57𝑚𝑚
Tube Thickness,t:
𝐷−𝑑 75−71.57
𝑡= 2
= 2
= 1. 715𝑚𝑚

2.52 Problem:
Find the maximum shearing stress in a steel shaft of 2 inches in diameter will transmit 200
horsepower at 875 rpm.
a) 9,167 psi b) 8,842 psi c) 7,980 psi d) 6,490 psi
Figure: Solution:
Torque transmitted on the shaft,T:
63000𝐻𝑃 63000(200)
𝑇= 𝑁
= 875
= 14400𝑖𝑛 − 𝑏
Maximum Shearing Stress,Ss:
16𝑇 16(14400)
𝑆𝑠 = 3 = 3 = 9167𝑝𝑠𝑖
π𝐷 π(2)

2.53 Problem:
Determine the thickness of a hollow shaft having an outside diameter of 100 mm if it is
subjected to a maximum torque of 5,403.58 N-m without exceeding a shearing stress of 60
MPa or a twist of 0.5 degree per meter length of shaft. G=83,000 MPa.
a) 15 mm b) 30 mm c) 16.8 mm d) 14.2 mm
Figure: Solution:
For Hollow Shaft subjected to torsion:
 Shaft Diameter, D:
16𝑇𝐷
𝑆𝑠 = 4 4
π(𝐷 −𝑑 )
5403
16( 1000 )(0.100)
60(1000) = 4 4
π[(0.100) −𝑑 ]
4 4 −5
(0. 1) − 𝑑 = 4. 59 × 10
𝑑 = 0. 0858𝑚(85. 8𝑚𝑚)
Consider its Torsional Deflection:
Shaft Diameter,D:
32𝑇𝐿
θ= π(𝐷−𝑑)𝐺
5403.58
π 32( 1000
)(1)
0. 5( 180 ) = 4 4
π[(0.1) −𝑑 ](83000)(1000)
4 4 −5
(0. 4) − 𝑑 = 7. 6 × 10
𝑑 = 0. 07(70𝑚𝑚)
Thus,
Use, d=70mm
Thickness of Hollow Shaft,t:
𝐷−𝑑 100−70
𝑡= 2
= 2
= 15𝑚𝑚

2.54 Problem:
A 4-in diameter solid shaft is to be replaced with a hollow shaft equally strong (torsion) and
made of the same material. The outside diameter of the hollow shaft is to be 5-in. What
should be the inside diameter ? The allowable shearing stress is 6,000 psi.
a) 4.18 in b) 5.12 in c) 4.62 in d) 5.62 in
Figure: Solution:
When solid Shaft is replaced with Hollow shaft:
(for equal torsion and same material):
Ss (Solid) Ss (hollow) =
16𝑇 16𝑇𝐷
3 = 4 4
π𝐷𝑠 π(𝐷 −𝑑 )
4 4 3
𝐷 − 𝑑 = 𝐷(𝐷𝑠)
4 4
𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝐷(𝐷𝑠)
4 3
= (5) − 5(4) =305
𝑑 = 4. 18𝑖𝑛
2.55 Problem:
A-in steel shaft transmits 30 in-lb of torque; the effective length of the shaft is 12-in. The
6
modulus of elasticity in shear is 12 x 10 psi. Find the angular deflection in degrees.
a) 4.48° b) 0.484° c) 2.32° d) 3.18°
Figure: Solution:
For Solid Shaft to Torsion:
Angular Deflection,θ:
 32𝑇𝐿 180
θ= 4 × π
π𝐷 𝐺
32(30)(12) 180
= 4 6 × π
π(0.25) (12×10 )
= 4. 48°

2.56 Problem:
1
A 2
-in diameter solid shaft has an allowable stress of 6,000 psi and is subjected to pure
torsion. If its rotation speed is 1,800 rpm, how much power can it transmit safely?
a) 4.21 kW b) 2.41 kW c) 3.14 kW d) 5.22 kW
Figure: Solution:
For Solid Shaft Subjected to pure torsion:
Torque transmitted on the shaft, T:
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
16𝑇
6000 = 3
π(0.5)
𝑇 = 147. 262𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏
Thus,
Power transmitted,P:
𝑇𝑁 147.262(1800)
𝑃= 63000
= 63000
= 4. 21𝐻𝑝
= 4. 21(0. 746) = 3. 14𝑘𝑊

2.57 Problem:
A machinery shaft is subjected to torsion only. The bearings are 8 ft apart. The shaft transmits
250 hp at 200 rpm. Allow a shear stress of 6,000 psi after on allowance for keyways.
Determine the shaft diameter for steady loading.
a) 3.973 in b) 4.058 in c) 2.296 in d) 3.402 in
Figure: Solution:
For Solid Circular Shaft Subjected to Torsion only:
Torque transmitted on the shaft, T:
63000𝐻𝑃
𝑇= 𝑁
63000(250)
= 200
= 78750𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏
Thus, Shaft Diameter,D:
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
16(78.750)
6000 = 3
π𝐷
𝐷 = 4. 058𝑖𝑛

2.58 Problem:
The shaft of a 50-hp 850-rpm electric motor is 31-in. from center to center of bearings and is
2-in diameter. If the magnetic pull on the armarture is 1,500 lb concentrated midway between
the bearings, determine the maximum shear and the maximum tensile stress in the shaft..
a) 3,977 psi; 7,766 psi b) 5,022 psi; 7,097 psi c) 2,579 psi; 4,254 psi
d) 4,654 psi; 8,292 psi
Figure: Solution:
For Shaft Subjected to both Torsion and Bending:
Torsional Moment induced by the shaft, T:
63000𝐻𝑃 63000(50)
𝑇= 𝑁
= 850
= 3705. 88𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏
Bending moment induced by the shaft, M:
𝑃𝐿 1500(31)
𝑀= 4
= 4
= 11625𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏
Thus, Maximum shear Stress,𝑆𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥:
16 2 2
𝑆𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 𝑀 +𝑇
π𝐷

16 2 2
= 3 (11625) + (3705. 88)
π(2.5)
= 3977𝑝𝑠𝑖
Moment Tensile Stress,𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥:

𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
16 ⎡𝑀 + 𝑀 + 𝑇 ⎤⎥
2 2
π𝐷
3 ⎢
⎣ ⎦
=
16 ⎡(11625) + (11625) + (3705. 88) ⎤⎥
2 2
⎢
π(2.5) ⎣
3
⎦
= 7766𝑝𝑠𝑖

2.59 Problem:
A 15-Hp, 1725 rpm motor drives a centrifugal pump through a single set of 5:1 reduction
gears. Determine the diameters of the shafts on the motor and pump if ordinary steel shafting
with standard keys is used.
a) 0.866 in ; 1.515 in b) 1.125 in; 3.012 in c) 0.526 in ; 0.976 in
d) 0.672 in; 0.897 in
Figure: Solution:
For Solid Shafts subjected to Torsion only:
For Main Power transmitting Shafts:
𝐷𝑁
3 𝑁1
𝑃= 80
; 𝑁2
= 5;
𝑁1 1725
𝑁2 = 5
= 5
= 345𝑟𝑝𝑚
a. Shaft diameter of Motor,D:
3
𝐷 (1725)
15 = 80
𝐷 = 0. 866𝑖𝑛
b. Shaft diameter of Pump,D:
 3
𝐷 (345)
15 = 80
𝐷 = 1. 515𝑖𝑛

2.60 ME Board April 1995

A 3" diameter short shaft carrying two pulleys close to the bearings transmit how much
horsepower if the shaft makes 280 rpm?
a) 199 Hp b) 198 Hp c) 200 Hp d) 210 Hp
Figure: Solution:
3
𝐷𝑁
𝑃= 38
3
(3) (280)
𝑃= 38
𝑃 = 198. 95 𝐻𝑝

2.61 ME Board April 1995

Compute the speed of the gear mounted on a 52.5 mm diameter shaft receiving power from a
driving motor with 250 hp.
a) 2,182 rpm b) 2,071 rpm c) 2,254 rpm d) 2,341 rpm
Figure: Solution:
For main-power-transmitting shafts,
80𝑃 52.5
𝑁= 3 ; 𝐷 = 25.4
= 2. 07 𝑖𝑛
𝐷
80(250)
𝑁= 3
(2.07)
𝑁 = 2254. 8 𝑟𝑝𝑚

2.62 ME Board April 1995

A solid cylindrical shaft 48.2 cm. long is used for a transmission of mechanical power at a
rate of 37 kW running at 1,760 RPM. The shearing stress is 8.13 MPa. Calculate the
diameter.
a) 4.2 cm b) 5.0 cm c) 6.2 cm d) 5.0 cm
Figure: Solution:
𝑃
𝑇= 2π𝑁
37
𝑇= 179
2π( 60
)

𝑇 = 0. 2 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
Thus,
 3 16𝑇
𝐷 = π𝑆𝑠

3 16(0.2)
𝐷 = π(8.13)(1000)
𝐷 = 0. 05 𝑚
𝐷 = 5 𝑐𝑚

2.63 ME Board April 1995

A hollow shaft with outside diameter of 14 cm. and wall thickness of 0.8 cm. transmits 200
kW at 400 rpm. What must be the angular deflection of the shaft if the length is 5 meters?
The material of the shaft is C4140 steel.
a) 21.24 rad b) 21.71 rad c). 36.80 rad d) 43.15 rad
Figure: Solution:
𝑃
𝑇= 2π𝑁
Thus,
200 32𝑇𝐿
𝑇= 400 θ= 4 4
2π( 60
) π(𝐷 −𝐷 )𝐺
32(4.775)(5)
𝑇 = 4. 775 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 θ = 4 4
π((0.14) −(0.124 )𝐺
For Steels: θ = 21. 71 𝑟𝑎𝑑
180°
𝐺 = 11000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 θ = 21. 71 ( π
)
𝐺 = 75822 𝑘𝑃𝑎 θ = 21. 71 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑑 = 𝐷 − 2𝑡
𝑑 = 14 − 2(0. 8)
𝑑 = 12. 4 𝑐𝑚
2.64 ME Board October 1995
A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 0.035 m and outer diameter of 0.06 m. Determine the
polar moment of inertia of the hollow shaft.
a) 1.512 x 10-6 m4 b) 1.215 x 10-6 m4 c) 1.152 x 10-6 m4 d) 1.125 x 10-6 m4
Figure: Solution:
π 4 4
𝐽= 32
[𝐷 − 𝐷 ]
π 4 4
𝐽= 32
[(0. 06) − (0. 035) ]
−6 4
𝐽 = 1. 125𝑥10 𝑚

2.65 ME Board October 1995

A short 61 mmø shaft transmits 120 Hp. Compute the linear speed of a pulley 55 cm ø
mounted on the shaft.
a) 1,796 fpm b) 1,766 fpm c) 1,870 fpm d) 2,106 fpm
Figure: Solution:
For Short Shaft:
 38𝑃
𝑁= 3
𝐷
38(120)
𝑁= 61 3
( 25.4 )

𝑁 = 330 𝑟𝑝𝑚
Thus,
𝑉 = π𝐷𝑁
55
𝑉 = π[ 2.54(12) ][330]
𝑉 = 1870 𝑓𝑝𝑚

2.66 ME Board October 1995

A 2-in solid shaft is driven by a 36-in gear and transmits power at 120 rpm. If allowable
shearing stress is 12 ksi, what horsepower can be transmitted?
a) 29.89 b) 35.89 c) 38.89 d) 34.89
Figure: Solution: Thus,
3
π𝐷 𝑆𝑠
𝑇= 16
𝑃 = 2π𝑇𝑁
3
π(2) (12)(1000) 120
𝑇= 16(12)
𝑃 = 2π(1570. 8)( 60
)
19739.2 𝑓𝑡.𝑙𝑏/𝑠
𝑇 = 1570. 8 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡 𝑃= 550
𝑃 = 35. 89 𝐻𝑝

2.67 ME Board October 1995

Design the size of solid steel shaft to be used for a 500 hp, 250 rpm application if the
allowable torsional deflection is 1° and the allowable stress is 10,000 psi and modulus of
rigidity is 13 x 106 psi.
a) 5" dia. b) 4.- ⅝" dia. c) 4-⅞“ dia. d) 4-¾” dia.
Figure: Solution:
63000𝑃 3 16𝑇
𝑇= 𝑁
𝐷 = π𝑆𝑠

63000(500) 3 16(126000)
𝑇= 250
𝐷 = π(10000)
5
𝑇 = 126, 000 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏 𝐷 = 4 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑎𝑦 4 − 8
𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎
3.01 ME Board April 1983
An electric motor purchased by your employer surprisingly arrived without any keyway on
its drive shaft. The motor has a power rating of 10 Hp and 1,750 rpm speed. It will be used to
drive a centrifugal pump using cast-iron sheave. Design the width, thickness and length of the
key to be used on the motor.

Solution:
From table 26-29
(For 10HP, 1800 rpm motor)
Recommended Frame Size: No. 324
 From Table 13
5
Shaft Diameter, 𝐷 = 1 8
𝑖𝑛
5
Length if Hub, = 4 8
𝑖𝑛
Key Dimensions:
3
Width, 𝑤 = 8
𝑖𝑛
3
Thickness, ℎ = 8
𝑖𝑛

3.02 ME Board October 1985

A key is to be designed for a 12. 7 𝑐𝑚 shaft which will transmit power of 150 𝐾𝑊 at
2
360 𝑟𝑝𝑚. If the allowable shear stress for the key is 920 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 and the allowable
2
compressive stress is 1200 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 , determine the cross- sectional dimensions of the flat key
to be used.

Figure: Solution:
For Flat Key with
𝐷 = 12. 7 𝑐𝑚 (5 𝑖𝑛)

𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝑤:
5
𝑤= 4
𝑖𝑛
1
𝑤= 1 4
𝑖𝑛(3. 175 𝑐𝑚)
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, ℎ: (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 5 − 1)
7
ℎ = 8
𝑖𝑛 (2. 2225 𝑐𝑚)

3.03 ME Board October 1985

A key is to be designed for a 12.7 cm shaft which will transmit power of 150 KW at 360 rpm.
2
If the allowable shear stress for the key is 920 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 and the allowable compressive stress
2
is 1200 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 , determine the length of key to be used
a) 2.41 cm b) 2.73 cm c) 4.56 cm d) 4.79 cm

Solution: Figure:
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡, 𝑇:
60 𝑘𝑊
𝑇= 2πΝ
 60 (150)
𝑇= 2 π (360)
𝑇 = 3. 979 𝑘𝑁 · 𝑚
3.979 (100)
𝑇= 0.00981
𝑇 = 40560. 65 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑐𝑚

𝐾𝑒𝑦 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠: (𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝐾𝑒𝑦)

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐷 = 12. 7 𝑐𝑚 (5 𝑖𝑛)
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝑤 = 1 𝑖𝑛 (3. 175 𝑐𝑚)
7
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, ℎ = 8
𝑖𝑛 (2. 2225 𝑐𝑚)

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑒𝑦:

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔:
2𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 𝐷𝑤𝐿
2 (40560.65)
920 = 12.7 (3.175) 𝐿
𝐿 = 2. 187 𝑐𝑚
4𝑇
𝑆𝑐 = 𝐷ℎ𝐿
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔:
4 (40560.65)
1200 = 12.7 (2.2225) 𝐿
𝐿 = 4. 79 𝑐𝑚

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑘𝑒𝑦, 𝐿 = 4. 79 𝑐𝑚
3.04 ME Board October 1985
A key is to be designed for a 12.7 cm shaft which will transmit power of 150 KW at 360 rpm.
2
If the allowable shear stress for the key is 920 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 and the allowable compressive stress
2
is 1200 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 , determine the axial force to remove the hub from the shaft if the coefficient
of friction is 0.45.
a) 56.4 kN b) 43.3 kN c) 45.7 kN d) 30.8 kN

Solution: Figure:
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡, 𝑇:
60 𝑘𝑊
𝑇= 2πΝ
60 (150)
𝑇= 2 π (360)
𝑇 = 3. 979 𝑘𝑁 · 𝑚
3.979 (100)
𝑇= 0.00981
𝑇 = 40560. 65 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑐𝑚

𝐾𝑒𝑦 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠: (𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝐾𝑒𝑦)

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐷 = 12. 7 𝑐𝑚 (5 𝑖𝑛)
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝑤 = 1 𝑖𝑛 (3. 175 𝑐𝑚)
7
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, ℎ = 8
𝑖𝑛 (2. 2225 𝑐𝑚)

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑒𝑦:

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔:
2𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 𝐷𝑤𝐿
2 (40560.65)
920 = 12.7 (3.175) 𝐿
𝐿 = 2. 187 𝑐𝑚
4𝑇
𝑆𝑐 = 𝐷ℎ𝐿
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔:
4 (40560.65)
1200 = 12.7 (2.2225) 𝐿
𝐿 = 4. 79 𝑐𝑚
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑘𝑒𝑦, 𝐿 = 4. 79 𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑢𝑏, 𝐹𝑎:
(2𝑇)
𝐹𝑎 = 2𝑓𝐹 ; 𝐹 = 𝐷
4𝑓𝑇
= 𝐷
4(40560.65)
= 12.7(2.2225) * 𝐿
= 5748. 75 𝑘𝑔 (56. 4 𝑘𝑁)
3.05 ME Board April 1986
1 7
A pulley is keyed to a 2 2 inches diameter shaft by a 16
in x 3 in flat key. The shaft rotates at
50 rpm. The allowable shearing stress for the key is 22 ksi. The allowable compressive stress
for the key, hu and shaft are 66 ksi, 59 ksi and 72 ksi, respectively. Determine the maximum
torque the pulley can safely deliver.
a) 48398 in-lb b) 28473 in-lb c) 53812 in-lb d) 48130 in-lb

Solution: Figure:
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 5 − 1
1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐷 = 2 2
𝑖𝑛 (2. 5 𝑖𝑛)
5
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝑤 = 8
𝑖𝑛 (0. 625 𝑖𝑛)

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑘𝑒𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦, 𝑇:

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑘𝑒𝑦:
2𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 𝐷𝑤𝐿
2𝑇
22 (1000) = 2.5 (0.625) (3)
𝑇 = 51562. 5 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑒𝑦:

4𝑇
𝑆𝑐 = 𝐷ℎ𝐿
4𝑇
66 (1000) = 7
2.5 ( 16 ) (3)

𝑇 = 54140. 6 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑢𝑏 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦:

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑢𝑏:
4𝑇
𝑆𝑐 = 𝐷ℎ𝐿
4𝑇
59 (1000) = 7
2.5 ( 16 ) (3)

𝑇 = 48398. 4 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦:

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡: (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘𝑒𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙)
16 𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
16 𝑇
22 (1000) = 3
π𝐷
𝑇 = 67495. 2 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒,
𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑇 = 48398. 4 𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏
3.06 ME Board October 1988
A rectangular key was used in a pulley connected to a line shaft with a power of 7.46 KW at
2
a speed of 1200 rpm. If the shearing stress of the shaft and key are 30 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 and 240
2
𝑁/𝑚𝑚 , respectively. What is the diameter of the shaft?
a) 18.7 mm b) 21.6 mm c) 25.8 mm d) 30.2 mm

Solution: Figure:
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡, 𝑇:
60 𝐾𝑊 60 (7.46)
𝑇= 2π𝑁
= 2π (1200)
= 0. 0594, 𝑇:

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷:

16 𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = π 𝐷3
16 (0.0594)
30 (1000) = 3
π𝐷
𝐷 = 0. 0216 𝑚 (21. 6 𝑚𝑚)

3.07 ME Board April 1986

A rectangular key was used in a pulley connected to a line shaft with a power of 7.46 KW at
2
a speed of 1200 rpm. If the shearing stress of the shaft and key are 30 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 and 240
2
𝑁/𝑚𝑚 , respectively. What is the length of the rectangular key if the width is one-fourth that
of the shaft diameter ?
a) 26.60 mm b) 31.24 mm c) 41.55 mm d) 25.92 mm

Solution: Figure:
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡, 𝑇:
60 𝐾𝑊 60 (7.46)
𝑇= 2π𝑁
= 2π (1200)
= 0. 0594, 𝑇:
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷:
16 𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = π 𝐷3
16 (0.0594)
30 (1000) = 3
π𝐷
𝐷 = 0. 0216 𝑚 (21. 6 𝑚𝑚)

𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐾𝑒𝑦, 𝑤:

1 1
𝑤= 4
𝐷= 4
(21. 6) = 5. 4 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑒𝑦, 𝐿: Note: The length of the key is too small
𝑆𝑠 =
2𝑇 hence, its shearing stress is too high.
𝐷𝑤𝐿
2 (0.0594)
Which is possibly an error.
240 (1000) = 0.0216 (0.0054) 𝐿 𝑆𝑜,
𝐿 = 0. 00424 𝑚 (4. 24 𝑚𝑚) 𝐿 = 1. 2𝐷 = 1. 2 (21. 6) = 25. 92 𝑚𝑚
3.08 ME Board April 1989
A line shaft with a power of 100 kW at a speed of 1200 rpm, had a rectangular key used in its
2
pulley connection. Consider the shearing stress of the shaft to be 40 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 and the key to be
2
200 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 , determine the shaft diameter.
a) 46.62 mm b) 39.48 mm c) 40.82 mm d) 44.94 mm

Solution: Figure:
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡, 𝑇:
60 𝐾𝑊 60 (100)
𝑇= 2π𝑁
= 2π (1200)
= 0. 7958 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷:
16 𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
16 (0.7958)
40 (1000) = 3
π𝐷
𝐷 = 0. 04662 𝑚 (46. 62 𝑚𝑚)

3.09 ME Board April 1989

A line shaft with a power of 100 kW at a speed of 1200 rpm, had a rectangular key used in its
2
pulley connection. Consider the shearing stress of the shaft to be 40 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 and the key to be
2
200 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 , determine the shaft diameter.
a) 66.622 mm b) 89.48 mm c) 55.944 mm d) 50.954 mm

Solution: Figure:
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡, 𝑇:
60 𝐾𝑊 60 (100)
𝑇= 2π𝑁
= 2π (1200)
= 0. 7958 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷:
16 𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 3
π𝐷
16 (0.7958)
40 (1000) = 3
π𝐷
𝐷 = 0. 04662 𝑚 (46. 62 𝑚𝑚)

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑒𝑦, 𝐿: Note: The length of the key is too small

𝑆𝑠 =
2𝑇
; 𝑤 =
𝐷 hence, its shearing stress is too high.
𝐷𝑤𝐿 4
8𝑇
Which is possibly an error.
𝑆𝑠 = 2
𝐷𝐿
8 (0.7958) 𝑆𝑜,
200 (1000) = 2
(0.04662) 𝐿 𝐿 = 1. 2
𝐿 = 0. 01456 𝑚 (14. 65 𝑚𝑚) 𝐷 = 1. 2 (46. 62) = 55. 944 𝑚𝑚

3.10 ME Board October 1991

A 1200 mm cast iron pulley is fastened to a 112.5 mm shaft by means of a 28.13 mm square
key 175 mm long. The key and shaft are SAE 1030 steel annealed. What force acting at the
pulley rim will shear this key?
a) 9534.75 kg b) 4895.48 kg c) 8362.49 kg d) 9843.65 kg

Solution: Figure:
(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝐴𝐸 1030 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙, 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑑)
𝑆𝑦 = 49 000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛,
𝑆𝑠 = 0. 6
2
𝑆𝑦 = 0. 6 (49000) 29400 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (2066 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 )
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑘𝑒𝑦; 𝑃:
𝐹
𝑆𝑠 = 𝑊𝐿
𝐹
2066 = 2.813 (17.5)
𝐹 = 101704. 02 𝑘𝑔
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠,
𝐹𝐷 = 𝑃𝐷𝑝
101704. 02 (112. 5) = 𝑃(1200)
𝑃 = 9534. 75 𝑘𝑔

3.11 ME Board October 1991

A 1200 mm cast iron pulley is fastened to a 112.5 mm shaft by means of a 28.13 mm square
key 175 mm long. The key and shaft are SAE 1030 steel annealed. What force acting at the
2
pulley rim will crush the cast iron keyway if the strength of cast iron is 1691.3 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 in
2
tension and 675.3 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 in compression?
a) 15,611 kg b) 28,702 kg c) 32,601 kg d) 40,021 kg

Solution:
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑟𝑖𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑘𝑒𝑦, 𝑃:
2𝐹
𝑆𝑐 = 𝑤𝐿
2𝐹
6765. 3 = 2.813 (17.5)
𝐹 = 166519. 4 𝑘𝑔
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠,
𝐹𝐷 = 𝑃𝐷𝑝
166519. 4 (112. 5) = 𝑃(1200)
𝑃 = 15611. 2 𝑘𝑔
3.12 ME Board April 1992
A rectangular key was used in a pulley connected to a line shaft with a power of 125 kW at a
2
speed of 900 rpm. If the shearing stress of the shaft is 40 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 and the key to be 220
2
𝑁/𝑚𝑚 , determine the shaft diameter.
a) 55.27 mm b) 59.48 mm c) 38.35 mm d) 50.40 mm

Solution: Figure:
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡, 𝑇:
60 𝐾𝑊 60 (125)
𝑇= 2π𝑁
= 2π (900)
= 1. 3263 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷:

16 𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = π 𝐷3
16 (1.3263)
40 (1000) = 3
π𝐷
𝐷 = 0. 05527 𝑚 (55. 27 𝑚𝑚)

3.13 ME Board April 1992

A rectangular key was used in a pulley connected to a line shaft with a power of 125 kW at a
2
speed of 900 rpm. If the shearing stress of the shaft is 40 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 and the key to be 220
2
𝑁/𝑚𝑚 , determine: the length of the rectangular key if the width is one-fourth that of the
shaft diameter.
a) 43.293 mm b) 66.324 mm c) 45.840 mm d) 50.430 mm

Solution: Figure:
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡, 𝑇:
60 𝐾𝑊 60 (125)
𝑇= 2π𝑁
= 2π (900)
= 1. 3263 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷:

16 𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = π 𝐷3
16 (1.3263)
40 (1000) = 3
π𝐷
𝐷 = 0. 05527 𝑚 (55. 27 𝑚𝑚)

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑒𝑦, 𝐿: Note: The length of the key is too small

𝑆𝑠 =
2𝑇
; 𝑤 =
𝐷 hence, its shearing stress is too high which
𝐷𝑤𝐿 4
8𝑇
is possibly an error.
𝑆𝑠 = 2
𝐷𝐿
8 (1.3263) 𝑆𝑜,
220 (1000) = 2
(0.05527) 𝐿 𝐿 = 1. 2
𝐿 = 0. 01579 𝑚 (15. 79 𝑚𝑚) 𝐷 = 1. 2 (55. 27) = 66. 324 𝑚𝑚
3.14 Problem:
For a shaft diameter of 4 inches the width of a square key should be:
a) 1 in b) 0.5 in c) 1.5 in d) 1.8 in

Solution: Figure:
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 4 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠:
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐾𝑒𝑦 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 (𝑆𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝐾𝑒𝑦),
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝑤 = 1 𝑖𝑛
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, ℎ = 1 𝑖𝑛

3.15 Problem:
A flat key is to be used in a shaft whose diameter is 2.5 in. The width and depthness of the
key should be:
1 1
a) 2
𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4
𝑖𝑛 b)⅝ in and 7/16 in c) 1 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0. 5𝑖𝑛 d) 0. 25 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0. 125 𝑖𝑛

Solution: Figure:
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 2. 5 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠:
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝐾𝑒𝑦 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
5
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝑤 = 8
𝑖𝑛
7
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, ℎ = 16
𝑖𝑛

3.16 Problem:
A 4 inches shaft using a flat key whose width is 1 inch is transmitting a torque of 63 000
in-lb. If the design shearing stress is 5000 psi the safe length is:
a) 6.3 in b) 5.3 in c) 4.3 in d) none of these

Solution: Figure:
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑒𝑦:
2𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = 𝐷𝑤𝐿

𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑒𝑦, 𝐿:

2𝑇
𝐿= 𝐷𝑤 𝑆𝑠
2 (63 000)
𝐿= 4 (1) (5000)
𝐿 = 6. 3 𝑖𝑛
4.01 ME Board October 1982
A cylinder having an internal diameter of 20-in and an external diameter of 36-in is subjected
to an internal pressure of 10,000 psi and an external pressure of 2,000 psi. Determine the
hoop stress at the inner surface of the cylinder.
a) 24705.16 psi b) 19,028.52 psi c) 13,142.82 psi d) 30,126.12 psi

Solution: Figure:
For Pressure Vessels subjected to internal
and external pressure:
Maximum Tangential Stress at the inside
Sti:
2 2 2
𝑃𝑖(𝑟0 +𝑟𝑖 )−2𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑜 36
Sti = 2 2 ; 𝑟𝑜 = 2
= 18𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑜 −𝑟𝑖
2 2 2
1000[(18) +(10) ]−2(2000)(18)
= 2 2
(18) −(10)
= 13,142.86 psi

4.01-A ME Board October 1982

A cylinder having an internal diameter of 20-in and an external diameter of 36-in is subjected
to an internal pressure of 10,000 psi and an external pressure of 2,000 psi. Determine the
hoop stress at the outer surface of the cylinder.
a) 3,421.9 psi b) 5,142.9 psi c) 5394.1 psi d) 3,239.2 psi

Solution: Figure:
Maximum Tangential Stress at the outside
𝑆𝑡𝑜:
2 2 2
2𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖 −𝑝𝑜(𝑟𝑜 +𝑟𝑖 )
𝑆𝑡𝑜 = 2 2
𝑟𝑜 −𝑟𝑖
2 2 2
2(10 000)(10) −2000[(18) +(10) ]
= 2 2
(18) −(10)
= 5,142.8
4.02 ME Board November 1983
Design a vertical steel cylindrical water tank 30 m in diameter and 45 m high. Consider the
pressure variation in the water to follow a straight line from the edge of the top to the center
of the bottom and the allowable stress of the steel plate is 120 MPa. Without reinforcing
angle bars and rods, find the thickness of the steel plate.
a) 59.22 mm b) 32.45 mm c) 45.20 mm d) 55.18mm

Solution:
Considering a thin cylindrical water tank: Checking:
Pressure of Water in Tank, P: 𝑡
=
55.18
= 0. 00183 < 0. 07 (𝑜𝑘)
𝐷 30(1000)
3
𝑃 = ℎδ; δ = 9. 81 𝐾𝑁/𝑚 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
= 45(9. 81) Figure:
= 441. 45 𝐾𝑃𝑎

Thus,
Thickness of Steel plate, t:
𝑝𝐷
𝑆𝑡 = 2𝑡
441.45 (30𝑥1000)
120 (1000) = 2𝑡
t = 55.18 mm

4.03 ME Board April 1984

A hydraulic control for a straight motion utilizes a spherical tank “A” that is connected to a
work cylinder “B” as shown in the sketch. “A” maintains pressure in the tank at 400 psi. The
tank is 32 inches in diameter, welded with 100% joint efficiency and made of steel plates
with an allowable tensile strength of 7,500 psi. Calculate the required thickness of the tank.
a) 0.427 in b) 0.392 in c) 0.722 in d) 0.582 in
Figure:
Solution:
For Spherical Tank A:
Thickness of the tank, t:
𝑝𝐷
𝑆𝑡 = 2𝑡𝑒
400(32)
7500 = 4𝑡(1)
t = 0.427 in
4.04 ME Board April 1984
A hydraulic control for a straight motion utilizes a spherical tank “A” that is connected to a
work cylinder “B” as shown in the sketch. “A” maintains pressure in the tank at 400 psi. The
pressure drop between tank and the cylinder is 30 psi. Assume allowance for friction in the
cylinder and packing to be 10 percent of F, the operating force. Calculate the diameter of the
piston if the value of F is 5,000 pounds.
a) 4.42 in b) 2.39 in c). 3.72 in d) 4.35 in

Solution: Figure:
For Work Cylinder B:
Diameter of Piston/Work Cylinder B, D:
𝐹 = 𝑝𝐴
π 2
5000(1. 1) = (400 − 30) [ 4 𝐷 ]
D = 4.35 in

4.05 ME Board April 1984

A hydraulic control for a straight motion utilizes a spherical tank “A” that is connected to a
work cylinder “B” as shown in the sketch. “A” maintains pressure in the tank at 400 psi.
Determine the wall thickness of work cylinder B if it is made of cast iron having an allowable
tensile stress of 2,000 pounds.
a) 0.448 in b) 0.583 in c) 0.482 in d) 0.687 in

Solution: Thus,
For Work Cylinder B: Use Lame’s Equation for Thick-walled
Diameter of Piston/ Work Cylinder B, D: Cylinder:
𝐹 = 𝑝𝐴 𝐷 𝑆𝑡+𝑝𝑖
2
𝑡= 2
[ 𝑆𝑡−𝑝𝑖
− 1]
π
5000(1. 1) = (400 − 30)[ 𝐷 ] 4 4.35 2000+370
D = 4.35 in 2
[ 2000−370
− 1]
= 0.448 in
Considering the Piston to be thin-walled
cylinder: Figure:
Thickness of Work Cylinder, t:
𝑝𝐷
𝑆𝑡 = 2𝑡
(400−30)(4.35)
2000 = 2𝑡
t = 0.402 in

Checking:
𝑡 0.402
𝐷
= 4.35
= 0. 0924 > 0. 07
4.06 ME Board April 1984
A hydraulic control for a straight motion utilizes a spherical tank “A” that is connected to a
work cylinder “B” as shown in the sketch. “A” maintains pressure in the tank at 400 psi. The
piston stroke of the work cylinder is 18 inches; the time of a work stroke is five (5) seconds.
Calculate the horsepower output of the cylinder.
a) 4.393 Hp-stroke b) 2.727 Hp-stroke c) 3.582 Hp-stroke d) 3.293 Hp-stroke

Solution: Figure:
Solving for the Power Output of the
Cylinder; P:
𝐹𝑉
𝑃= 550
18
5000( 5
)
= 550(12)
= 2.727 Hp-stroke

4.07 ME Board April 1984

A hydraulic control for a straight motion utilizes a spherical tank “A” that is connected to a
work cylinder “B” as shown in the sketch. “A” maintains pressure in the tank at 400 psi.
Assume the work cycle of the piston rod occurs every 30 seconds, that the overall efficiency
of the hydraulic control is 80 percent, and the pump efficiency is 60 percent, determine the
horsepower of the motor continuously operating the pump.
a) 0.593 Hp b) 0.439 Hp c) 0.947 Hp d) 0.409 Hp

Solution: = 0.947 Hp
Solving for the Power Output of the
Cylinder; P: Figure:
𝐹𝑉
𝑃= 550
18
5000( 5
)
= 550(12)
= 2.727 Hp-stroke
Solving for Motor Horsepower; Pm:
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑃𝑚 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
5
2.727( 30 )
= 0.80(0.60)
4.08 Me board October 1988
A thin walled cylindrical pressure vessel is subjected to internal pressure which varies from
750 KPa to 3550 KPa continuously. The diameter of the shell is 150 cm. Find the required
thickness of the cylinder wall based on yield point of 480 MPa net endurance limit of 205
MPa and a factor of safety of 2.5.
a) 21.2 mm b) 22.21 mm c) 23.83 mm d) 20.72 mm

Solution: Variable Component Stress, Sa:

For thin walled cylinder subjected to 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑆𝑎 =
variable stress: 2
2662.5 562.5
1 𝑆𝑚 𝑆𝑎 ( )−( ) 1050
𝑁
= 𝑆𝑦
+ 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑡 𝑡
=
2 𝑡
Where, Thus,
Sy = yield point = 480 Mpa 1 (
2662.5
𝑡
) (
1050
𝑡
)
Sn = net endurance limit = 205 MPa 2.5
= 480(1000)
+ 205(1000)
N = factor of safety = 2.5 t = 0.0212 m
Tensile Stress, St: t = (21.2 mm), thickness of cylinder
𝑝𝐷
𝑆𝑡 = 2𝑡
Figure:
Maximum Tensile stress, Smax:
3550(1.5) 2662.5
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑡
= 𝑡
Minimum Tensile stress, Smin:
750(1.5) 562.5
𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 2𝑡
= 𝑡
Mean Stress, Sm:
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥+𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑆𝑚 = 2
2662.5 562.5
( 𝑡
)+( 𝑡
) 1612
= 2
= 𝑡