a Associative Mermrnd O accessed by Content da Calied (Aseciative Je Mewag”- Ye A memory st memory” OY CO Content Pddvesssd' *K This tybe of mem Ay accesse pavatiel onthe beds of dots Context ‘yattoy HBan by J Sinultaesdy and iy Specific womny addverr oF Qo Cation awrotiahve remy, Cafosble of *K When a word “A when \h an yo address 42 oven: Tra memoy A Finding. an emphy Unwed Locetity te Shove fen Od SK When a word 4+ be ~yead from 3 arpocistive Ymemay, Zen +62 Content ef (ea, Oed 77 bart of | HEs werd A Specified se Te merry Rocates wh woods tCat matches Shecigied Conteré ard barks them for Yeadihg- Se gt faker Yelatively less Hina to Fird an Hern Lased on Content ryattay then by an addres | | | Associate Memory array[ele [e la Tae) Ayan Reapstey (A) A [x] ri ] ee ~]kin) Wey Regi cjerCh) Fig-1ct) Det ‘Ned Block diagram of Associative Heme . 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G A Ths match Loaie fox each word Can be Anved From Fes bocleay Panetey Xj = Aj Fay FA} Ei \WOF fea bitr ave ut, X=! CHISF Hee bite are not @megual, Xj=0 Se Bach rng Word (Wi) As A Combihation of Me Uidual Mmemey cons ¢ bie fe en) Was Fry rg Peg —--7 bye =f, *E for q word 4 to be [gual tote argument thA, We must have ALL KX Watasier eguad -fo 4- M = %) Xe %3%4y — =X, =| SE Wey HECK] =D, Theh Ay amd Aaj Weeds no Combartrome SF prey Ht CHIH!) fRen AY td F,5 ave Combrreds | So Mg = KDC hetKe!) CXa tia!) —— Oct en) St Canbe Vewwsten o EK Mig z Cay kD Puttitg Cratue of X} h I. a 2, CAS Fey +Ai es + KG) So tts ogre Circuit Poy atchlig one word As Hleont OvLAGINICU WIT Udll K® x froma aatooesa Fo prom B40 sab Dway wel” Tabi ovate WT Camisas | Auxiliary, Memory CSecndary Sevag) @| “Trove ay a ee & ynawly fioo types of auxiliary douices that are Commonly, ured iy Computey Sythe! @ Magnelic Mish Magnetic Cape D Magustic disk? Magnetic Aish pruides & large aimetork | of Secondary Storage te moderh Computer Disk Strchire axm assembly Se Disk Shretuve ' neu-wrerearn<Plater: A round Surfare( disk) Cowbaving magne c o Wack: A civcle on -tea disk surface Contaiving datas ic 1 Ylinder! Set of tracks accessed Srmulfanouwly frm | Yead(wnte brad: ¢ ™ | Sectey’ : Pate A portion of tracy on tts disy Surface ‘Bach Secry Shrer Sawa ne of bytes Se -+ta density of bits xs ove th cechys hea Hes Centyve of disw Bloc: “Tha Smallert twit of Acta Eat Om be aster oy Yead to] frm “te2 dss Yead wife head! py transducey attached to am AY™ dds to] > 4a Low Sifc5 ah haoads Lov ryeading | ony Arm Assembly: A mechanical Unit harding ‘a And arms Drive Mote Tha prive(Do) metey Weteter Fe at a Fixed rete (eq: 360° ¥b™) platters Head Moen! Py mecharisns ds Yeguived te Merve yes baad axsenbly ‘im Jowt taken by té4 “yeaa | ite SeeW time! Vime See hme. head to Yeach Ay Called Seek Hines Lalenay Hiner “Time talren by tes corveck Sechy Ab ayyve Undtr R(2 head 4 called “ Rotational Delay” or "Latency hime” a specie treel |Av Q fy a Ya adenine = Be Acbeng SS ro hativend sjed) Average Access Hime? = average SeeW tins + AVENAI® Aateny Blea Average access Hwee 2 4 Date rancher Hina + Corbrey averhaad + Queue delay: Dats “Rransfey Hines | Data Vransfey Hee = — No of Sectwrx YotaHitnal Spred Data Transfey Rad! Data trawsfey vate = No of Wetetios ytrch, x Morof be ree Cabadty Kh Diss +Oat ave permanently tached ty Hea Arm — aiyfembly and Can hot be Yemoved by tha Usey aye called “ hard dis”. % Ae disw AWe, with Te houstie Called Floppy dist / Combact disHCD)/ DVD ele. Urxed Atrect access PretOods- Asn ave 3 Magnetic ‘Ushs| Mageshe fhe Ss ae Ma: ; fs gneh c ¥ ae “te As 4 medi fey magnetic Yetodiy atEin , magnetirzasie Coatin ba Nharro sy tee ie ey of blastic film y \ntess, only ow de of A used ty of +62 vibbon % Se ny Sg deta: SF URS Seguirtal acres yrotied Creaditg) uri) on memory Bo cathy hn a Senad order: | XH Data Read | write operatiny Ds S\owerv Of Seguediad acces oF ee Ae cea Gamat) ae Lyon loo MB +t Qoo GB: : be caure SK Rravantages: @ TWrerse ave ‘Inexpensive el Shevs9t: p oy arch used fay CoA dats From hed | @ Ot pouider back @& Qt Carn be ain (@) oF MF yeurearie Merny 94+ Compact and easy te Shree: wentag acres Te any Bs che i aa Seq Can not be accessed divectly wrich creates delay gt veguives Caving for. Storage , humidity | dust also Wfluahee Acta + eli Q Diffiakt +p Update or Y medlig (Aan, data:Vi rtunk Memory :. Io SE Virtue memory “> 4 Concept Kat ves an (Iusisn ae Urey hat Large memory Spare “3 Auailabie te ea Wer + exente Gag program however achalty Such mem Space As hot auailatie actually - K Vivted Yrimonl Sree System Prowldes a mecharisn for translating, Program ~ generated addrerres inte Covvect may Women Lo Cotitns. Address Space: An address Urey by tea progres OY Generated by CPU A Called Virtual address /Rogral addros and Sho et of Such addreser 23 Called Addrecr Shace * Memory Space! An adder ih main memay 4 Called Frgfient sadder] memeg saber sed Es Ret of Such addrerer Ay Called Memory Share: Co hversien Lrom Virhal (Lead) adder +o Physicad adases AX done by. Usthg @ napping. “Fane Vitduall adders L , Math Memog addres OLAINICU WILT Udl ns: \inble mentation OF Vitted memory \ @ oe a The Concept Of Wirt memoy Can be Ibplelnente Wong, ® Raders Maphing tory paver: oF + a SK The Logical addres Space | Pogicak eee divided Tate eguel Sve of perts Called ‘Paget 3 The pry at addres space] PhyHial wremoy a. divided tne egued fre of beets Called foes Page Ste ws €gual tos Frama Sie He Mo of ~pager in addrerr cpace & not gunk +o tea hoe of blocks th memory Spacer Se Me Ex SE addres Sparez Bk, themng Spare = +H S| ad hyeeeih (Paes Sze = hh too td i Block sire = Page Site = Lear =%K No: of pages = sadvers Spacs = 27 Page sre NNo-of blocks = enna Skee Seyment Vo B> Block Ne Cmenes) vires PD Page te BW) phywat | aa\.3 aawes p38 ne addvest un 8 ols Lio | a oi ti om BAe Table -Fer Seymet™ mE Ne -avle BA Bare addrecr C Steting addres | wd SOW eamPage Reblace ment ® a Befave Understanding page fadt, a few Concebty are heeded fy undevcdard! Page Fault! Page fault occurs, When Co desired Page ay hot available th main meng. Pure Page fact! Pave page fault occurs at tee Shorting of prgrm exertion) When ho paqe AS aldiable “th Oa Yndih memory. - | Page Replacement? Page Yeblacemert occur afer page | fault ih which tte Yegiived page bihgs Ihfrom AAs Secondary yremey to tea main Imemmg. and tes page Kata vot vegiired have bees moued Ort fron ah Yremog te Oa Secnduy rntrrery + However bage Yeblacement 4s only heeded When {2 RRR Mah premeng fee | and |r ordev +o bYhq 4En desired page From SeCaday yrirry te malik Womery ; 4+b2 Unnecesrry pager are Temeved fam mah | troy to SeCondary rtmny: Page RePlacemect ALguitems: Teplecement abgeeitin dnédas conch | | page rood tobe Yermued fron fa mah | et ureat . ° - —— of 1D FIFO CFivst th Fivst owl) Page Reblerenet algerko( B \n this algsrie~, E& Wo | Ebkich Comes Grst Wy tea nary omey pdb +> be yemved Sivek: Cxample> gf addeee spare = BK memo Space = = Uk Page Hr7e = IK No- Of blecks = Y No- of Pagers 3 Seguence A (2) of +t Page Veference Sting y2o1 26 1 4o(or3ssT son eo oi LY oe oe No of Page Laurts '2 lO] - Oo algonlrmy che page that ‘har ret ben | uged Wn Vecent) Hime wi be Yeblaced First | Ch) Page Reference Srhng Sequence }oa 357) aanye ‘) aay Anas 0 of Page [io 0 Fane Fate tl) [io 0 Fane Fate tl) Scanmeccwinr vaiAddrcsr Capping Usihy Segmected Paging, (OF TS, CNG) M Pane CPrstles: 12-29) Re Rorrcal addrers Space th a Computey System Comfists of [29 Seqrerts: Each Seguet CmAstr of BQ pager of YW torilstn each? Phy Gk memory jh each Condsds of UK boces of Uk ae eae and pryiod - Formulate 42 Dopod Formats: ' Seqnedy Page | larrd Lo RicaQ adder oat [2% oi No- of Segmar ‘No: of Sea er coh Bop - 222m ob oe | cm No- of! Wore) Ue! (a (Nor, OF and \h each Page j : fy | ) Block word Nor of blocks =U Ween @ zz Vor bleclr bide OULAINICU WILE UdITISeae = 12°14) ot ju An address Space A Specified by 24 bids | and hn Corresprding memng Space & 8 ‘o \G bts: @ How Ymony Words ave stésve Wits add ress Space Cb) Pow many Words ave eave ntee mremey Shace- (C) Ff « age Conasts of QW Words, hed many pages and blocks ave tere qn tes System fs (a) Ne OF woods address spaces get ; Ad address Space had each madres of 24 bid (bh) No of words In nbmneny Space = 2 ad memng Spare hak each addvesr of 16 bits (o Page re = 2K avd: pd. Se blecw Gres Page Sue = Qh orks ee No OF ads WW each prak = ay 8 tL Qi3 cas? ae rset ees ak 8” ==. 4x0 OD No- of blocks = Ne oF aes Ayreon SPIE No of @erda hy each block 5 B 2's = jee ee ak 7 \6 \e_ oak oatos axa? Qi! OvaMTeU WITT Uc AltixOP ReR dish Arn optical olish + any computer (8) | Ais Eat wes opdicat Shorey techigete and | technology. dp ead an A wate daa: 94 Fs Combutey s-tovage alist hat Stes data by Ary and ws Lachey Leans te ved %& Non- Volable * Aaey fechnslegg) extvearalyy fant | yet yfiat OPy = 7008: Se Advantaget of optical dist di 7 o men ao Can hold Aots of medig 9 7 | se Baty te OG | tin Ste : le a srs cay aac! * gysnanontoe ft OPE ; gay te erate “i Tesh de. Bet aye ve ) can ger 4 . compared + fen AY | a Smley capes Speen OUGINCU WILT UdilisNume nav oh Vital Oreimony Mm As \hek bie seat Memory hag 4 page jre of ovdS- “PReve ave pager aud Y blo crs- Ki akfedatve Ymemry page table Corns AO frllodsg enbhes addaessres Card) Mare a jist of ale CivtenR AC a @) Mo Gauze fen 9 Faust F by cP0 Prd rae 0-103 [ogy-aefa. Page + Qou8-9 Jo72- Yo 409 6 SNF oe Slee 614. 144-716: Blocks 16g Bi a or. . A Page Srre = block te= [= [oQY ond ee ; es Qh eager ty OCd IIIT IU GalliPager fect coil het be 4 CON ures pe: Yemen) fage No Wen Cabin) 2048-307] ae Qe Yous S120— 6143 | sicg— BIg) ‘ w