Conclusion

In this Report wise I am submitted about the Coding statement of given scenario from the
report, even not only but also this report attached with the Algorithm, it’s about with deep
statement, by the comparison with the flow chart.

Another point of the task with the explanation of the characteristics of Procedural, even its
full fill with attached by the details and those are summarized by their relationship and
compare with the algorithm also, even all characteristics were defined from what the task
given by.

And this report contains with how the implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE.
Then this every chapter contains of lot of deep clearing report and also another task of
determine the debugging process and explanations are clearly given in every task then I
attached every programming part working and how can we have gotten the output from by
the program.

How ever this report shortlist full of the perfect answers, and it may conations of debugging
process and the how we could evaluate, all are attached on this report.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter (Task01) ........................................................................................................... 03
1.1 Define what an algorithm ........................................................................................................... 03
1.2 The process involved in building an application……………………………………………………………………..03
1.3 Write the algorithm to reflect the scenario by pseudo ............................................................... 04

Chapter (Task 02) ........................................................................................................... 09

2.1 The explanation of the Characteristics of procedural................................................................. 09
2.2 The comparison of the Procedural based of the algorithm (Task 01) ......................................... 11

Chapter (Task 03) ........................................................................................................... 12

3.0 The implement basic algorithms in code by IDE……………………………………………………………………………………….12

Chapter (Task 04) ........................................................................................................... 14

4.1 The Determination of debugging process and explanations by Task 03 …………………………………………………….14

4.2

I. Outline the coding standard you have used in your code in Task 03…………………………………………………..15
II. Evaluate How the debugging process can be used to help develop secure, robust applications…………15
III. Critically evaluate why a coding standard is necessary in a team as well as for the individual…………….16

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Task -01

1.1

Define What an algorithm is?

Algorithms

Writing Computer programs is the most common way of taking a calculation and encoding it
into a documentation, a programming language, so it tends to be executed by a computer.
Despite the fact that many programming dialects. Furthermore, a wide range of sorts of
computer’s exist, the significant initial step is the need to have the arrangement. Without a
calculation there can be no program. Software engineering isn't the investigation of
programming. however, is a vital part of what a computer scientist does Writing computer
programs is many times the way that we make a portrayal for our answers. Along these lines,
this language portrayal and the most common way of making it turns into a central piece of
the discipline. Calculations portray the answer for an issue as far as the information expected
to address the issue case and the arrangement of steps important to create the expected
outcome. Programming dialects should give a notational method for addressing both the
interaction and the information.

And then Languages offer Control Constructs and data types.

The Algorithm by Using Flow chart.

Calculations and flowcharts are two unique approaches to introducing the method involved
with settling an issue. Calculations comprise of a bunch of steps for tackling a specific issue,
while in flowcharts, those means are typically shown in shapes and cycle boxes with bolts.
Along these lines, flowcharts can be utilized for introducing calculations.

1.2

The Process involved in Building an application

The process of software development services goes to through a series stage in step
wise that almost every developing company follows. These stages include planning,
analysis, design, development, implementation, testing and deployment and
maintenance. Let's go ahead and see each of these steps to know how the perfect
software is developed.

1. Planning: without the well thought out plan, ascertaining the strength
and shortcomings of the undertaking, advancement of programming is
good for nothing. Arranging starts off an undertaking immaculately and
influences its progress emphatically.

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 2. Analysis: this step about investigating the presentation of the
programming at different stages and making notes on extra
prerequisites. Investigation is vital to continue further to the subsequent
stage.

3. Design: when the investigation is finished, the step of planning takes

over, which is fundamentally constructing the engineering of the
undertaking. This step will eliminate potential imperfections by setting
a norm and endeavoring to adhere to it.

4. Development and implementation: The genuine undertaking of creating

the product begins here with information recording happening in the
foundation. When the product is created, the step of execution comes
in where the item goes through a pilot
study to check whether it's working appropriately.

5. Testing the testing stage surveys the product for mistakes and
documentation bugs assuming there are any.

6. Maintenance: when the product goes through every one of the stages
with no issues, it is to go through an upkeep cycle when it will be kept
up with and overhauled occasionally to adjust to changes. Pretty much
every product improvement organization follows all the six stages,
prompting the standing that the nation appreciates in the product
market today.

1.3

Write the algorithm to reflect the above scenario using Pseudo code or Flow chart.

PSEUDO

Authentication.py

▪ Start
o FUNCTION main ()
o DISPLAY “WELCOME TO MY PAGE”
o DISPLAY “1: Signup your details”
o DISPLAY “2: Signup your details”
o INPUT “Enter your option 1 or 2”
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 o If a is digit
o If x == 1
o Call function register ()
o Else
o Display “please enter above option only”
o Else
o Display “enter only number”
o Call function main ()
o End function

o Function register ()
o Display “if you don’t have credentials; create New username and pass word”
o Display “sign up”
o Input “enter your username”
o Input “enter your password”
o Call function signing ()
▪ END Function

Run.py

▪ START
o Print 1“Record your income”
o Print2” record your expense”
o Print3” view summary”
o Print4: EXIT
o INPUT X ==1
o CALL INCOME ()
o ELSE IF x ==’2’
o CALL SUMMARY ()
o ELSE X ==’4’
o CALL EXIT ()

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 o ELSE
o PRINT” PLEASE ENTER THE OPTION”
o END IF
▪ END

Summary.py
▪ START
o Function summary ()
o Total income = 0
o Total expense = 0
o Expense count = 0
o Open file “income .txt” in line
Add 1 to income count add line value to total income
Close file
o Open file “expense.txt” in line
Add 1 to expence_count add line value to total expense
Close file

o Print total income

o Print average income
o Print total expense
o Print average expense
o Print difference of total income and total expense
o End function
▪ END

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These are the snap of this programming python files in below.

01. Authentication python file

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02. Run python file.

03. Summary of python file.

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Task – 02

2.1

Give the explanation of what Procedural, object- oriented and event- driven paradigms
are; their characters and the relationship between them.

What is Paradigm?

First of all, it is a strategy for solving problems using a programming language, or we could
also say it’s way to do it utilize tools and methods that are open to us after a certain
strategy. There are several well-known programming languages, but when they are used,
they always need to adhere to a philosophy or approach call a paradigm. There are several
paradigms to meet every need in addition to different programming languages.

Procedural programming

The programming approach known as procedural programming supports the division of

functionality into several procedures. Programming with procedural logic.

Procedure and functions are the smaller, more manageable pieces that make up a larger
program. Functions are given precedence over data in this situation. A program in a
procedural programming language essentially language consists of a series of instructions,
each of which instructs the computer to perform a certain task, such as reading user inputs,
performing the required calculations, and presenting results.

Object- oriented programming (OOP)

Basically object- oriented programming is a Pc programming model that puts together

programming plan around information, or items, as opposed to capabilities and rationale. An
item can be characterized as an information field that has exceptional properties and conduct.

➢ Object- oriented programming (OOP) Centers around developers’ desired items to

control as opposed to the rationale expected to control them. This way to deal with
writing computer programs is appropriate for programs that are enormous, complex
and effectively refreshed or kept up with.

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 Event- drive programming

Occasion driven programming is a programming worldview in which the progression of

program
not entirely set in stone by occasions - for instance a client activity, for example, a mouse
clicks, key
press, or a message from the working framework or another program. An occasion driven
application is intended to recognize occasions as they happen, and afterward manage them
utilizing an
appropriate event-dealing with procedure. The thought Isan extension of intrude driven
programming of the sort found in early order line conditions like DOS, and in.

The differences between various paradigms.

Programming paradigm is another method of classification of programming

languages. Examples of paradigms include:
✓ Procedural paradigm (BASIC, COBOL, Ada)
✓ Object- oriented Paradigm (Java, C++)
✓ Event- driven paradigm (VB, C#)

The Primary Differences between each type of Programming Paradigms are described below.

Procedural Programming Object- Oriented Programming Event-Driven Programming

Paradigm Paradigm Paradigm

✓ Provides Character User ✓ Provides Command writing in ➢ Provides graphical user

interface to write the Modules. interface to create the
Commands. programs.
✓ Commands are written in ✓ Objects and functions are prepared ➢ Actions are defined on
linear fashion and executed for interaction to perform specific events. These events
also in linear fashion. tasks. could be occurred by
mouse clicking and
moving or keyboard
strokes.
✓ Focuses on sequential ✓ Focuses on objects or data and ➢ Focuses on selecting user
execution of steps. facilities to secure it from interface.
unauthorized access.

✓ Most common languages ✓ Most Common languages which ➢ Most common languages
which follow this paradigm follow this paradigm are Smalt, C++, which follow this
are BASIC, Fortran, and and JAVA. paradigm are visual Basic
COBOL and C#.

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2.2

Compare and contrast the procedural, object oriented and event driven paradigms based on
your algorithms in Task 1.

➢ Procedural
Procedural programming is the one of the programming in Paradigm it following
a step of steps and instructions to finish the task. By the way my algorithm, is having
this to improve the writing steps of it.

How ever this approach would involve for the instructions in liner fashion. And also,
it breaking up the algorithm into individual logical steps and then writing out the
code for each step-in order.

Even though object-oriented programming is type of programming paradigm that is

based on the concept of object- oriented paradigm would involve creating objects to
represent the algorithm, and not only but also It representing the data that the
algorithm needs to active. The objects must be organized into classes, and technics
would be written to perform the methods on the data.

➢ Event Driven
This programming type is also from paradigm even this program based on the
concept of even and their alike handlers. By the way of my algorithm setup, even
driven paradigm must be including to create events that trigger the execute of the
algorithm’s code. The event must be based on user inputs or another external setup.
And also, the code will be written to handle each event and establish the algorithm
setup.

➢ Object- oriented Program

OOP is the one of those categories of the paradigm that uses objects and
class to describe real- world concepts. And its instant of a class, which can have its
own properties and technics. A class is an object, which defines its attributes. The
OOP paradigm is very good to create complex applications that are easier to
maintain and made longer. It also encourages code to recycle, which makes it easy
to upgrade the applications.

• Although in Programming event driven paradigm or user interactions trigger the

execution of program both are based on the thought of the idea responding to user
actions or external ideas.

• Even driven programming is great way to create interactive applications, as the same as
easy upgrade of user interface favorable.
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Finally, the comparing these 03 programming paradigms, those are very important to
consider the complexity of problem-solving method also.

Even though the Procedural paradigm is better option for solving complex problems,
Then the Object – oriented paradigm is another better option for the Code reuse, and then
the Event – Driven paradigm is also better for creating interactive applications. As it allows
for easy implementation of user interfaces.

❖ Finally, the three programming paradigms each have their own strengths and
weakness, and the best one to use depends on the specific problem being solved.
The procedural paradigm is best for solving complex issues, the objected – oriented
paradigm is the best for code reuse, and the event – driven paradigm is best for
creating interactive applications.

❖ Ultimately, the best programming paradigm to use depends on the problem solving
and the goals of the programming.

Task – 03

Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE

Implement your solution as per the requirement specified in the scenario.

The following scenario is to create an application thar requires user authentication, Daily
income, and Expense from user, and to develop the summary of income and expense. To
the filter this, by 03 python files are created: authentication.py, run.py, and summery.py

By the authenticate the user input against the stored in the function’s files in
below.

➢ Authentication.py
Following this python files built for authenticate the user credentials with the stored
username and password. This function catches the username and password from the
credentials.txt file and compare it with the user input, if that input matches with the
stored username, and password then this user authentication and the function
returns true. Even that is fault this function reduce false alert.

➢ Run.py
After that, in this python file created with logic even though input is either income or
expense and to saved them in the respective txt. file. In this concept when this file
analyses the user input and analyses whether the user input is income or expense. If

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 that user input I income, it will be saving the data in the income. Txt. File, other wise
it will be saved in the expense. Txt. file.

➢ Summary.py
Any how after that, in this python file, the full of filtered summary of income and
expense will be create. And this file analyses the data from income.txt and expense.
Txt and analyses with calculations of the number of records, total income, average
income, number of records, total expenses, average expenses and the difference
with both of income and expense.

❖ Among those 03 python files are accurately following the commands.

Authentication. py run.py Summary.py

✓ Following that process

o First authentication.py file is will be processing then the second
process run.py file is will he activate, at this file is analyses the user
input and save the data in the matched txt files.

o After that process. the summary.py file will be executed. That is reads
the data from the text file and it produces the summary of income
and expenses also.

➢ Finally, this how the implement of this process and its requirements of python files
working and access to the process of the given scenario.

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Task -04

4.1

Explain the debugging process and explain the debugging facilities available in the IDE that
you have used in task 3 to implement the algorithm.

❖ Step into / Step over: this command is very useful for the execute one line of
code at a time, and it can trace the flow of the program.

❖ Breakpoints: this is a special line of code it can pause execution, and allow
the programmer to inspect the values of variables.

❖ Debug console: this an interactive command line that can allows programmer
to execute code and view any output, it is very useful for testing code.

❖ Watch variable: it features allows the programmer to view the values of

variables at any point during execution. It can be used to debug logic errors.

❖ Logging: This type allows the programmer to add logging statements to the
programmed code, it is useful for the information console to help debugging.

❖ Stack trace: this type is helps to display a list of functions are called to get the
current position in the program, and for tracing the flow of the program.

Those features are very useful for debugging algorithms, and programmers also to inspect
the values of various and the flow of the program, even these features can quickly identify
and correct any errors in the program

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4.2

I. Outline the coding standard you have used in your code in task 03.

o However, coding is standards may a group of guidelines for writing code,

that is helps to make sure that code is simply accessible and maintenance.
Even though they are very important for software engineering part field. Any
how they could be understood very easily and correctly. With another point
is they can easily reduce bugs and make sure it very easily.

a) Name convention
It’s very useful for giving the meaningful names to various, functions and
also its meaningful to helps to make code easier read and understand, and
used camelCase for variables and functions.

b) Indentation
Its proper indentation helps to make code easier to read and understand. It
may use for spaces.

c) Documentation
This is a one of the best ways to make sure that code is robust and can
handle unexpected errors.

d) Error handling
This is one of the important to make sure that code is easy to understand
by developers and readable as possible, when the meaningful names, and
comments.

Finally, those all are standard to help easily readable and maintainable. And its
stands as a best part of software engineers.

II. Evaluate how the debugging process can be used to help develop more, secure,
robust applications.

• In order to create safe, reliable apps, debugging is a crucial procedure. It is

the process of locating and correcting faults in a piece of application code.
Debugging is an essential step. As part of the development process, assists
developers in identifying and resolving potential security flaws and other
problems that might cause a system to become unstable Debugging allows
developers to check if the code they produce is efficient, secure, and well-
designed.

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 • Finding, finding, and fixing mistakes in the code of an application are all parts
of the iterative debugging process. It's crucial for engineers to comprehend
the debugging procedure so they can spot and fix any possible problems
before they become serious ones. Developers may enhance the overall
quality of their code and produce more reliable and secure applications by
engaging in the debugging process.

• The initial step in debugging is to locate any potential mistakes or problems

in the code. By looking over the code for any potential problems, this may be
accomplished. for instance, grammatical or logical mistakes Finding the cause
of the mistakes comes next after any probable faults have been identified.
Debugging tools like breakpoints, stack traces, and debuggers can be used for
this. In order to fix the flaws, these tools can assist developers in locating
them precisely. The next step is to fix the issues after they have been
detected and recognized. Applying corrections and modifications to the code
will do this. Testing the application as part of the debugging process can help
to check that any issues have been fixed.

• Finally, by assisting them in locating and resolving any possible code issues,
the debugging process may aid developers in producing apps that are safer
and more reliable. Code that is inefficient, inaccurate, or performs differently
than planned might be one of these problems. By fixing bugs in their code,
programmers can make sure that their programs are well-made and work as
intended.

• In conclusion, the debugging process is an important step in the development

process. The quality of developers' applications is increased overall as a result
of IL's assistance in identifying and resolving potential code issues.
Developers may make sure that their apps are reliable, effective, and well-
thought-out by thoroughly testing and debugging their code. As a result, their
apps will be more dependable and resilient and less prone to have issues. I
have security weaknesses

III. Critically evaluate why a coding standard is necessary in a team as well as for the
individual.

✓ Any how a Coining a standard set of rules that is designed to help ensure that code is
written in a consists with efficient manner. It helps to ensure the way of written and cross
different developers and different project. In a team, coding standards can help everyone.
Page 16 of 17
 Is on the same page in term of style and structure of code they written.in addition, coding
standards can help to reduce the amount of time spent on debugging and refactoring
code, as well as helping to ensure that any changes to the code base.

✓ And also coding standards have number of benefits for a team and for an individual.
Firstly, coding standers help to ensure an efficient manner. This could be help to reduce
the amount of time spent on debugging, refactoring, and understanding code.

✓ As well as helping to ensure that any changes to the code base are east to understand for
other developers. This can be reducing the amount of time spent debugging, refactoring,
and understanding code written by different developers, as well as top maintenance
overtime.

✓ Finally, coding standards helps to ensure all developers on the team ae on the actual same
page when it comes to the style and structure also, as well as helping to ensure that the
code is maintainable over all.

✓ In conclusion, coding standards are important for a team and for an individual. they help
to ensure that code is done in a consists and efficient manner, as well as helping to reduce
the amount of time spent on debugging, refactoring, and understanding code written by
different developers. Coding standards can help to ensue=re that any changes to the code
base are very better understand for other developers, as well as it helps to build and
maintainable over time also.

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