5v Regular D.

C Power Supply

EI-2798

BE Ⅱ-YEAR

Session: 2021-2022

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

INSTRUMENTATION

Submitted By:- Submitted To:-

Name:- Sahil Bakshi Mr. Virendra Verma
Enroll No.:-0801EI201054 Assistant Professors:-
1. Mr. R.R. Maharana
2. Mr. Arun Rayakwar
 Certificate

This is to certify that Mr./Mrs. Sahil Bakshi Roll No.

0801EI201054 studying in BE Ⅱ year Ⅲ Semester in
Electronics and Instrumentation Dept. in the year 2021-2022
of this institute has completed practical course based on the
syllabus given a satisfactory account of it in the notebook
containing a record of the laboratory work.

Date:-13/11/2021 Sign of Lab Incharge Faculty

ABSTRACT:-

The aim of this lab assignment is to design a DC power supply. For

this purpose, we have to assemble a rectifier circuit on the output of a
transformer. It also involves the calculation of different components
used so the DC supplies contain lesser ripples. The DC power supply
has wide application in the modern world. Every day we use a mobile
charger, Laptop charger, etc. All this equipment requires a DC power
supply to operate.

INTRODUCTION:-

A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical

load. The term is most commonly applied to electric power converters
that convert one form of electrical energy to another. An AC-DC power
supply converts Alternating current(AC) to Direct current(DC).
In general, most consumer electronic devices such as desktop
computer, mobile phones require a low low DC power source. In the
practical field, DC power for electronic devices is most conveniently
obtained from commercial AC lines by using the rectifier-filter system,
called a “DC power supply”. In this project, we are designing a “5-volt
DC power supply”. The whole design can be divided into three
subprojects. The three subprojects are AC rectification, filtration of
pulsating DC, and finally regulation of DC voltage.
 List of Components:-

● Breadboard:- Breadboards are an essential tool for

prototyping and building temporary circuits. These
boards contain holes for inserting wire and components.
Because of their temporary nature, they allow you to
create circuits without soldering. The holes in a
breadboard are connected in rows both horizontally and
vertically as shown below.

● Jumper Wire:- These wires are used with breadboard

and development boards and are generally 22-28 AWG
solid core wire. Jumper wires can have male or female
ends depending 8 on how they need to be used

● Resistor:- Resistors are used to resist the flow of

current or to control the voltage in a circuit. The
amount of resistance that a resistor offers is
measured in Ohms. Most resistors have colored
stripes on the outside and this code will tell you it’s
the value of resistance.
● Diode:- A diode allows electricity to flow in one
direction and blocks it from flowing the opposite
way. The diode’s primary role is to route
electricity from taking an unwanted path within
the circuit.
● Transistor:- Transistors are tiny switches
that turn a current on or off when triggered
by an electric signal. In addition to being a
switch, it can also be used to amplify
electronic signals. A transistor is similar to
a relay except with no moving parts.
Transformer:- 9-0-9 1A Center Tapped Step Down
Transformer is a general-purpose chassis mounting mains
transformer. The transformer has 230V primary winding and
center-tapped secondary winding. The transformer has
flying-colored insulated connecting leads(Approx. 100 mm
long). The transformer act as a step-down transformer
reducing AC-230V to AC-9V. The transformer gives outputs of
9V and 0V.
Capacitor:- The Electrolytic Capacitors have polarity.
Meaning they have a primitive and negative pin. The pin
which is long is the positive pin and the pin which is short is
the negative pin. You can also identify the polarity using the
negative strip on the capacitor label. This is a 470uf 50 volts
radial polarized good quality Electrolytic capacitor.

LED:- A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor source that

emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the
semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing
energy in the form of photons. The color of the light is
determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the
bandgap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by
using simple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting
phosphor on the semiconductor device.
S.NO Components Specification
1. Transformer 9-0-9, 240 volt
2. Diodes 1N4007
3. Regulator IC LM7805
4. Capacitor 470uf 50v
5. Breadboard Normal Practical
6. Resistor 1kΩ
7. LED 5 mm LED
8. Wires Single Core

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 Fig. Circuit Diagram of 5v DC Supply.

WORKING

1.Step Down the Voltage Level

The 9-0-9 Step Down Transformer are used for converting
the high voltage into low voltage. The transformer and the
transformer with output voltage greater than the input
voltage is called as step-up transformer. 230V AC is
converted into 9V AC using a step-down transformer. 9V
output of stepdown transformer is an RMS valueand its peak
value is given by the product of square root with RMS value,
which is approximately 12V.

2.Convert AC to DC
230V AC power is converted into 9V AC, but the required
power is 5V DC, for this purpose, 12V AC power must be
primarily converted into DC power then it can be stepped
down to the 5V DC. AC power can be converted into DC
using one of the power electronic converters called as a
rectifier. There are different types of rectifiers such as
half-wave and full-wave rectifier.

3.Smoothing the Ripples using Filter

12V DC can be regulated into 5V DC using a step-down
converter but before this, it is required to obtain pure DC
power. The output of the double bridge is a DC consisting of
ripples also called as pulsating DC. This pulsating DC can
filtered using an inductor filter or a capacitor filter or a
resistor-capacitor coupled filter for removing the ripples.
Consider a capacitor filter which is frequently used in most
cases in smoothing. We know that a capacitor is an energy
storing elements. In the circuit, capacitor store energy while
the input increases from zero to a peak value and, while the
supply voltage decreases from peak value to zero capacitor
starts discharging. This charging and discharging of the
capacitor will make the pulsating DC.

4. Regulating 12V DC into 5V DC

9V DC voltage can be stepped down to 5V DCvoltage using
a DC step-down converter called as voltage regulator
IC7805. The first two digits “78” of IC 7805 voltage represent
positive series voltage regulators and the last two digits “05”
Represents the output voltage of the voltage regulator.
The block diagram of IC7805 voltage regulator is shown in
the figure consists of an operating amplifier acting as error
amplifier, zener diode used for providing voltage reference,
as shown in the figure.

Transistor as a series pass element used for dissipating

extra energy as heat. SOA protection (Safe Operating Area)
and heat sink are used for thermal protection in case odf
excessive supply voltages. In general, an IC7805 regulator
can withstand voltage ranging from 7.2V to 35V and gives
maximum efficiency of 7.2V voltage and if the voltage
exceeds 7.2V, then there is loss provided using a heat sink.
Thus, a 5V DC is obtained from 230V AC power.
We can directly convert 230V AC into 5V DC without using
transformer, but we may require high-rating diodes and other
components that gives greater efficiency.

Picture of Project
 Conclusion
One of the most important action of every dispositive we use is
the power supply. This is responsible of power the circuits that
make our devices work, and on this depends the useful life of
many dispositive. That’s why the design of the power supply must
be done in the better way.
After design this power supply we realized how complex could be
designing a good power supply. There is a lot of thing to consider.
Since the characteristics of the input the output to how efficient
must be. Also, we are amazed with how useful the courses of our
carres have been. The mathematical basis and all the circuits
theory helped with the problems we have solved on the design.
The objectives set at the beginning of the project were achieved
and the prototype of the power supply work properly and
according to the characteristics we set.
 References
BOOKS:-
1. Jacob Millman &Christos C. Halkias Electronic Devices
& Circuits McGraw-Hill 1967
2. S.M. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices,
Wiley-Interscience, 1969

ONLINE SOURCE:-
1. https://www.circuitstoday.com/5V-power-supply-usi
ng-7805
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3421218
72_Final_project_report_Design_and_implementai
on_of_a_regulated_power_supply_with_over_load
_protection