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Worksheet 4

This document provides information about logarithmic equations, properties of logarithms, and techniques for solving logarithmic equations. It defines logarithms and their relationship to exponential functions. It presents basic properties of logarithms including the change of base formula. It gives examples of using logarithmic properties and techniques such as rewriting in exponential form to solve equations.

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GELYNNE LOPEZ
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160 views8 pages

Worksheet 4

This document provides information about logarithmic equations, properties of logarithms, and techniques for solving logarithmic equations. It defines logarithms and their relationship to exponential functions. It presents basic properties of logarithms including the change of base formula. It gives examples of using logarithmic properties and techniques such as rewriting in exponential form to solve equations.

Uploaded by

GELYNNE LOPEZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Worksheet 4
A. LOGARITHMIC EQUATION,
INEQUALITIES AND FUNCTION

__________________________________________________________________________________
(NAME)
Let a, b, and c be positive real numbers such that b ≠ 1. The logarithm of a
with base b is denoted by logba, and is defined as,
C=logba if and only if a = bc

1. In both the logarithmic and exponential -are logarithms with base 10; logx is
forms, b is the base. In the exponential form, a short notation for logbx.
c is an exponent; rhis implies that the
logarithm is actually an exponent. Hence,
logarithmic and exponential functions are -are logarithms to the base e
inverses. (approximately 2.71828) and are
2. The logarithmic form logbx, x cannot be denoted by “ln”. in other words, lnx is
negative. another way of writing logex.
3. The value of logbx can be negative.

Rewriting exponential equations in logarithmic form and vice versa.


1. 53 = 125 log5125 = 3
2. 7b = 21 log721 = b
Example: log232
3. e2 = x lnx = 2
To solve the value, rewrite
4. log381 = 4 34 = 81 the expression in its
5. ln8 = a ea = 8 exponential form.
2x = 32
2x = 25
x=5
EXPONENTIAL LOGARITHMIC therefore, log232 = 5.
102 = 100

40 = 1
𝟏
𝟕−𝟐 = 1. log 9 729 =
𝟒𝟗
𝟐
𝟐 𝟒
( ) =
𝟑 𝟗
log3 9 = 2 2. log3 81 =

ln x = 1
1
log16 4 = ½ 3. log5 (5) =
log10 0.001 = -3
Let b and x be real numbers such that b > 0 and b ≠ 1, the basic
properties of logarithms are as follows:
1. logb 1 = 0
2. logb bx = x
3. If x > 0, then b logbx = x

Example. Use the basic properties of logarithms to find the value of the
following logarithmic function.
a. log 10 b. 5 log5 2 c. log1

Solution:
a. log 10 = log10 101 = 1 (Property 2)
b. 5 log 2
5 =2 (Property 3)
c. log1 = 0 (Property 1)

Use the basic properties of logarithms to find the value of the following
logarithmic expressions:

1. log7 7 =

2. eln5 =

3. log 10x2 =

4. ln e (x+1) =

1
5. log7 (49) =
Let b > 0 and b ≠ 1, and let n € ℝ. For u > 0, v > 0, then
1.logb (uv) = logb u + logb v
2.logb (u/v) = logb u - logb v
3.logbun = n∙logbu

1. logb (uv) = logb u + logb v (Example: log2 (3x) = log2 3 + log2 x)


4
2. logb (u/v) = logb u - logb v (Example: log3 (5) = log3 4 – log3 5)
3. logbun = n∙logbu (Example: log5 36 = log5 62 = 2 log5 6)

Use the laws of logarithms to expand each expression in terms of the


logarithms of the factors. Assume each factor is positive.
3 3
a. log(ab2) c. log3((𝑥)
Solution:
log(ab2) = loga + logb2
= loga + 2logb

𝑎4
b. log(𝑏5 ) d. logb (𝑢2 √𝑣)
Use the properties of logarithm to condense the expressions as a single
logarithm.
a. log2 + log3
Solution:
log2 + log3 = log(2∙3)
= log6

b. 2lnx – lny

c. log5(x2) – 3log5x
Any logarithmic expression can be expressed as a quotient of two
logarithmic expressions with a common base. Let a, b, and x be
positive real numbers, with a ≠ 1, b ≠ 1:
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏

Use the change-of-base formula to rewrite the following logarithmic


expressions to the indicated base.
a. log64 (change to base 2)
Solution:
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 4
𝑙𝑜𝑔64 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 6
2
=
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏

b. log4 17 (change to base 10)

c. log5 ½ (change to base 10)


Techniques. Some strategies for solving logarithmic equations:
1. Rewriting to exponential form;
2. Using logarithmic properties;
3. Applying the one-to-one property of logarithmic functions;
4. The zero factor property: if ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Find the value of x in the following equations.


a. log4 (2x) = log4 10
Solution:
log4 (2x) = log4 10
2x = 10
x=5

b. log3 (2x – 1) = 2
Solution:
log3 (2x – 1) = 2
2x – 1 = 32
2x – 1 = 9
2x = 9 + 1
2x = 10
x=5

c. log2 (x + 1) + log2 (x - 1) = 3
Solution:
1. log2 [(x + 1)(x - 1)] = 3 (using the property of logb (uv) = logb u + logb v)
(x + 1)(x - 1) = 23
x2 – 1 = 8
x2 – 9 = 0
(x + 3)(x - 3) = 0
x = -3 and x = 3
Find the values of x in the following equations/ inequalities.
a. log 15x = log 30 e. log4 (x+1) < log4 2x

b. log (3x – 2) = log 2

c. logx 121 = 2 f. log x + log (x – 3) ≤ log 10

d. log3 (9x) – log3 (x-8) = 4

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