St. Paul H.S.

School
Indore (M.P.)

CERTIFICATE
I hereby certify that this project work based on SALT WATER
VS TAP WATER is a bona fide piece of work done by Akshat
singh chandel of class 12th D under the supervision and guidance
of Mr. Lokendra Singh in partial fulfillment of the requirement
as per C.B.S.E. curriculum for the class 12th Physics.

Mr. Lokendra Singh

 Declaration
I hereby declare that this project work based on SALT WATER
VS TAP WATER is a bona fide piece of work done by me, under
the supervision and guidance of MR. LOKENDRA SINGH & no
part of this work has been presented earlier or similar to any other
institutional work.

Indore: Akshat Singh Chandel

Date: 12th Physics.
 Acknowledgement
I would like to avail this opportunity to express my sincere thanks
to all those people who helped me in making the project a success

My first thank goes to MR. Lokendra Singh, project guide for

assisting & providing me liberal encouragement & moralsupport
not only during this project but throughout our studies at school.
 CONTENTS

Sr. No. Title Page No.

1 THE OBJECTIVE 6

2 WHAT I KNOW AND WHAT I WANT TO KNOW 6

3 MY SEARCH PROCESS 7

4 WHAT I LEARNED!? 8

5 WHAT THIS MEANS TO ME 9

6 PROBLEM, HYPOTHESIS NAD MATERIALS 10

7 PROCEDURE 11

8 OBESERVATION, CONCLUSION AND 12

BIBLOGRAPHY
 ABSTRACT

The objective –
My experiment was about water and magnets. I used the magnets to move the
water because water is diamagnetic, which means that it tends to move away
from magnets and electromagnets. My design was an angel food pie tin with the
magnets evenly spaced around the inside perimeter of it. The rubber would back
the magnets, acting as a magnetic shield. For my experiment, I used 8
ludicrously strong magnets, but they were not strong enough. I had 4 accurate
and successful trials, and many other unsuccessful trials. My experiment had
many, many, ups and downs, but this was extremely fun.

PART ONE –
What I Know and What I Want to Know
Water runs from the magnet, sloshing over itself in its hurry to get away. Water
is diamagnetic. Diamagnetic means that it goes away from magnets.
I want to know if the government can use water’s diamagnetic property to spend
less on dams and to help fish get up fish ladders. I also want to know more
about why water is diamagnetic. More specifically, I want to know if I can
move water with magnets.
PART TWO-
My Search Process-
Once I was sure that I would be doing my project for the science fair on creating
a current in water with magnets, I went on the Internet, found a website that was
good, and learned one thing. I tried another and learned absolutely nothing.
Later, I decided to call Evan because he had mentioned a family friend of his
who is an electrical engineer who might know something about my experiment.
I got his email and emailed him asking if he knew anything about my project.
He replied and said that he would be happy to help, but needed me to explain
more clearly what I was trying to do. He asked if the current was in the water or
being created by the water. He asked if my goal was to basically move water
with magnets. He got more information from somewhere and helped me think
rationally enough not to throw stuff, because I was getting very frustrated with
the Internet.
After we agreed that the best way to proceed was to search magnetic shields, I
typed “magnetic shields” into the search bar. I found three websites but only
one of them was useful. Then he indicated several websites and when I
researched them further, only one managed to provide useful information. He
mentioned that Evan had some steel, which I needed. A while later, I went on
the Internet for ten minutes and learned nothing. At this point, if the Internet had
been a jar, I would have crushed it until it was tiny little pieces of glass.
Later, I went to the Deschutes County library’s website and searched
diamagnetic. Either no one has written a book about diamagnetic things and the
properties that they have, or the library doesn’t have it.
After that I tried the Internet again and ended up at Ask.com. Someone had
asked a question about magnets, so I decided to check the answer. It was not of
much use to me, so I was about to give up when I saw a link in the resources for
the answer’s question. The link proved to be very useful, and I found multiple
new things about magnets and their history.
Then I tried YouTube. There was a video about magnets and currents on
Smarter Every Day, but it was about the electrical type of current, not the
current that I am looking for.
Part three-
What I learned!?
My goal is to move water with magnets. I learned that diamagnetic means
repelled by magnets. This can be applied to water. It has to do The word
paramagnetic means attracted to magnets, or magnetic. It is also the opposite of
diamagnetic. Through a website that I found; I learned that steel is a good
magnetic shield. Probably more important, a magnetic shield is something that
has the ability to bounce the magnetic waves off of it, like someone might
bounce on top of a trampoline, or a bed. I, as a human, am very slightly
diamagnetic, which I think is amazing.
I am going to need some very strong magnets for my experiment to work.
There are multiple types of magnets. Neodymium magnets is one of these. A
neodymium magnet is a rare earth magnet.
It is impossible to absorb or stop a magnet’s magnetic waves. It is only possible
to redirect them. The size of the magnet can affect a magnet’s strength,
however.
The first magnetic material found was the lodestone. It was found that if
someone got a small rod of lodestone and tied it to a string, one end of it would
always point north. It was a good source of navigation on ships. Now, some
ships are powered by magnets. There was a plan to use electromagnets to
anchor huge ships to the dock. The electromagnets would be placed in a way
that would ensure that they would not penetrate into the ship too far and end up
damaging anything valuable inside the cargo hold.
The reason that magnets will point is because they have vector qualities. Vector
qualities means that they have a magnitude and a direction. There is something
called scalar, which is sort of the opposite of vector. Scalar means that it has
magnitude, but not direction. The vector field surrounds a magnet.
A hydrologist is someone who studies water. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD
for short) is the study of the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids. Salt
water is one of these.
If you had a strong enough magnet, you could levitate a frog. Even molecules
are diamagnetic and paramagnetic. Moreover, this could be the information that
I need. I am going to have use rubber duckies or food coloring to see if the
water is moving or not.
Part four-
What this means to me
Throughout the research process, I greatly improved my skills as a researcher in
general. I improved my skills and patience with the Internet, as well as with
interviews by email. I learned that I must be a very patient person in order to be
able to get a lot of good information off the Internet. I think that the best thing
to do when I get stumped is call someone, I know of who might know
something about my research topic, or knows someone who does.
I learned that it is humanly possible to have some fun and discover new things
when I am doing a research project. I did not get bored out of my mind within
five minutes.
I am proud that I improved so much and was able to help John with his project
by recommending my dad as a resource for his project because he used to work
at Nike. He has mentioned that my dad was the best resource that he had.
In the future, I will be paying more attention to magnets and how much the
world depends on them.
I believe that I have expanded my knowledge about magnets greatly and think
that magnets could change the world.
Problem:
Is salt water or tap water more diamagnetic

Hypothesis
I think salt water will be more diamagnetic, because salt
is diamagnetic

Materials
1. Rubber

2. Magnets

3. Angel food pie tin

4. Food coloring

5. Timer

6. Tape
Procedure
 Gather the necessary materials (Rubber ducks optional)

 Place the magnets and the rubber in the angel food pie tin with the rubber
behind the magnets, with even amounts of space between the magnets.

 Fill the angel food pie tin with 4 cups of tap water, then immediately wait
30 seconds

 After the 30 seconds have passed, put 3 drops of food coloring in the
water and mark spot with tape

 Immediately after putting the three drops in the water start timing.

 As soon as the color drops have gone all of the way around to where they
were originally put in, stop timing.

 Record results and repeat steps 3-6 3 times

 Fill the angel food pie tin with 4 cups of salt water, then immediately wait
30 seconds

 After the 30 seconds have passed, put 3 drops of food coloring in the
water.

 Immediately after putting the three drops in the water start timing.

 As soon as the color has gone all of the way around to where they were
originally put in, stop timing.
  Repeat 8-11 three times

 Record and conclude your results

Observations-

Conclusion-
Throughout the research process, I greatly improved my skills as a researcher in
general. I improved my skills and patience with the Internet, as well as with
interviews by email. I learned that I must be a very patient person in order to be
able to get a lot of good information off the Internet. I think that the best thing
to do when I get stumped is call someone, I know of who might know
something about my research topic, or knows someone who does.

Bibliography-
“What is a magnetic shield?” Shielding materials-K and J magnetics. December
29, 2013. http://www.kjmagnetics.com/blog.asp?=shieldingmaterials

Wilson, Paul. Email. Interview. Electrical Engineer. December 29,

2013Wondermagnet. January 8, 2014. wondermagnet.com/magfag.html