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Lecture 15 Data Communication & Computer Network, HDLC

HDLC is a protocol that defines how data should be transmitted on point-to-point and multipoint links. It supports full-duplex communication and reliable transmission through selective repeat or go-back-N error control. HDLC defines three types of stations (primary, secondary, combined), three data transfer modes (normal response, asynchronous response, asynchronous balanced), and three frame types (unnumbered, information, supervisory). The protocol provides framing, error control, and connection management for reliable data transmission.

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46 views18 pages

Lecture 15 Data Communication & Computer Network, HDLC

HDLC is a protocol that defines how data should be transmitted on point-to-point and multipoint links. It supports full-duplex communication and reliable transmission through selective repeat or go-back-N error control. HDLC defines three types of stations (primary, secondary, combined), three data transfer modes (normal response, asynchronous response, asynchronous balanced), and three frame types (unnumbered, information, supervisory). The protocol provides framing, error control, and connection management for reliable data transmission.

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Data Communication & Communication Network

Engr. Hamayun Khan


PhD. Electrical Engineering Scholar
Lecturer Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gomal University D.I.Khan
Lecture 15
Anand Ba
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)

 HDLC was defined by ISO for use 
point and multipoint data links.
on both point-to-

 
It supports full-duplex communication

ITU modified HDLC for use in X.25 network
interface and called
Protocol (LAPB)
 it Balanced Link Access

 
Other similar protocols are
 
 Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) by IBM

Advanced Data Communication
 Control Procedure
(ADCCP) by ANSI
HDLC Overview
Broadly HDLC features are as follows:

 
Reliable protocol
  
selective repeat or go-back-N

 
Full-duplex communication
  
receive and transmit at the same time

 
Bit-oriented protocol

use bits to stuff flags occurring
 in data . i.e, it does NOT recognize
 or interpret byte value

 
Flow control
  
adjust window size based on receiver capability

Uses physical layer clocking
 and synchronization
to send and receive frames
HDLC Overview

 
Defines three types of stations
 
 Primary
 
 Secondary
 
 Combined

 
Defines three types of data transfer mode
 
 Normal Response mode
 
 Asynchronous Response mode
 
 Asynchronous Balanced mode

 
Three types of frames
 
 Unnumbered
 
 information
 
Supervisory
HDLC Defines three types of
stations

STATIONS

PRIMARY SECONDARY COMBINED


STATION STATION STATION
HDLC

 
The three stations are :
  
Primary station
 Has the responsibility of controlling the operation of
 data flow .
  Handles error recovery
  Frames issued by the primary station are called commands.
  Secondary station,
 Operates under the control of the primary station.

 Frames issued by a secondary station are called responses.
 The primary station maintains a separate logical link with
 each secondary station.
  Combined station,
 Acts as both as primary and secondary station.
HDLC Unbalanced Mode

Commands
Primary
Responses

Secondary Secondary

Balanced mode

Combined Combined
commands/Responses
HDLC Defines three types of data
transfer mode

DATA TRANSFER
MODES

NORMAL ASYNCHRONOUS ASYNCHRONOUS


RESPONSE RESPONSE BALANCE MODE
MODE(NRM) MODE(ARM) (ABM)
HDLC

 
The three modes of data transfer operations are
  
Normal Response Mode (NRM)
 Secondary station can send ONLY when the primary station instruct
 it to do so
 Two common configurations
- Point-to-Point link (one primary station and one secondary station)
- Multipoint link (the primary station maintain different sessions
with different secondary stations)
 
 Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)

  More independent secondary station


 Can send data or control information without explicit permission to
 do so (note that it is still can not send commands)
  Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)
 Mainly used in point-to-point links, for communication
 between combined stations
 Either stations can send data, control information and commands
HDLC Defines three types of frames

HDLC
FRAMES

U-frame I-frame S-frame


HDLC frame structure
(a) Frame
Format

(b) Control
field
format
HDLC

 
Flag: 01111110- indicates start and ending of frames
 
FCS: 16-bit CRC using generating polynomial
16
G(x) = x + x + x5 + 1
12
 Address field:


When a primary station is sending
 a frame, the address field
 contains the receiver identity

If a secondary station is sending
 the frame, the address field
 contains the sender identity
  
In some cases, it contains a group or broadcast address
 
In I-frames, N(s) is the sequence number of the frame being sent, and
N(r) is the sequence number of the frame being expected.

The P/F bit, known as the poll/final bit, is used with different meaning in different
 contexts.
 It is used to indicate polling, to indicate the final I-frame, etc
HDLC

 
There are three different classes of frames used in
HDLC

Unnumbered frames, used in link setup and 
 disconnection, and hence do not contain ACK.

Information frames, which carry actual information.

 Such frames can piggyback ACK in case of ABM

Supervisory frames, which are used for error and
flow control purposes andhence contain send and
receive sequence numbers
HDLC

 
There are four different supervisory frames

SS=00, Receiver Ready (RR), and N(R) ACKs all frames
received up to and
 including the one with sequence
 number N(R) - 1

SS=10, Receiver Not Ready
 (RNR), and N(R) has the
 same meaning as above

SS=01, Reject; all frames with sequence number N(R) or
higher are rejected, which in turns 
ACKs frames with
 sequence number N(R) -1 or lower.

SS=11, Selective Reject; the
 receive rejects the frame with
sequence number N(R)
HDLC

The unnumbered frames can be grouped into the
following categories:
 
 Mode-setting commands and responses
 
 Recovery commends and responses
 
Miscellaneous commands and responses
Review of Link Layer

 
Services
  
Framing
  
Error control
  
Reliability
  
Connection management
  
Medium access control
  
Switching

 
Protocols
  
PPP
 
HDLC
ANY QUESTIONS……??
•Thank you……

12/21/2013

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