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A. B. C. D. E.: Where R (D + D) /2 or (D + T) /2 M, and W (Load) (S - S) KG

The experiment aims to prepare a heat balance sheet for a single-cylinder diesel engine. The heat balance sheet accounts for: (1) the heat energy available from the fuel burned, (2) the heat energy equivalent to the output brake power, (3) the heat energy lost to the engine cooling water, and (4) the heat energy carried away by the exhaust gases. The experiment involves collecting data on fuel consumption, engine cooling water temperatures, exhaust gas temperatures, and air flow rates at various loads. The data is then used to calculate the heat distributions and prepare the heat balance sheet showing the percentages of total heat energy in each category.

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al hasan kanon
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54 views

A. B. C. D. E.: Where R (D + D) /2 or (D + T) /2 M, and W (Load) (S - S) KG

The experiment aims to prepare a heat balance sheet for a single-cylinder diesel engine. The heat balance sheet accounts for: (1) the heat energy available from the fuel burned, (2) the heat energy equivalent to the output brake power, (3) the heat energy lost to the engine cooling water, and (4) the heat energy carried away by the exhaust gases. The experiment involves collecting data on fuel consumption, engine cooling water temperatures, exhaust gas temperatures, and air flow rates at various loads. The data is then used to calculate the heat distributions and prepare the heat balance sheet showing the percentages of total heat energy in each category.

Uploaded by

al hasan kanon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT No.

AIM:- To prepare heat balance sheet on Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine.


APPARATUS USED :- Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine (Constant Speed) Test
Rig, Stop Watch and Digital Tachometer.
THEORY:-
The thermal energy produced by the combustion of fuel in an engine
is not completely utilized for the production of the mechanical power. The thermal efficiency of I.
C. Engines is about 33 %. Of the available heat energy in the fuel, about 1/3 is lost through the
exhaust system, and 1/3 is absorbed and dissipated by the cooling system.
It is the purpose of heat balance sheet to know the heat energy distribution, that is, how and where
the input energy from the fuel is is distributed.
The heat balance sheet of an I. C. Engine includes the following heat distributions:
a. Heat energy available from the fuel brunt.
b. Heat energy equivalent to output brake power.
c. Heat energy lost to engine cooling water.
d. Heat energy carried away by the exhaust gases.
e. Unaccounted heat energy loss.
FORMULE USED :-

(i) Fuel Consumption, m f = ( 50 ml x 10 -6 x ρ Fuel ) / ( t ) Kg/Sec


= V. of fuel / time * density.
(ii) Heat Supplied, Qs = mf × Cv kj/min
(iii) Torque, T = 9.81 x W x R Effective N-m. ( Display mass*9.81*dynamometer arc)
; Where R Effective = (D + d)/2 or (D + tBelt)/2 m, and W
(Load) = ( S1 - S2 ) Kg,

(iv) Brake Power, B P = ( 2πN T ) / 60, 000 KW


; Where N = rpm, T = Torque N-m,

(v) Heat energy equivalent to output brake power, QBP = BP x 3600 KJ/hr

(vi) Heat carried out or Heat energy lost to engine cooling water, QCW = mw x Cw (two - twi) x 3600
KJ/hr
Mass of water, mw = Flow rate * ρw, Cw = 4.2 kj/kg-k

(vii) Heat energy carried away by the exhaust gases, QEG = (mfg x Cfg (tfg – tair) + mwc× Cpwc (Tco –
Tci)) x 3600 KJ/hr, where Cfg = 1 kj/ kg k
Where, mass of exhaust gas, mfg = mf + mair
Volume of air = 840 × Ao × Cd × √hw/ρa
Mass of air, mair = Ao×Cd×√(2∆p/ρa ) ×ρa
∆p = ρw × g × hw

(viii) Unaccounted heat,


PV = mRT
QUnaccounted = Qs – { QBP + QCW + QEG } KJ/hr

PROCEDURE :-

1. Before starting the engine check the fuel supply, lubrication oil, and availability of cooling
water.
2. Set the dynamometer to zero load and run the engine till it attain the working temperature
and steady state condition

3. Note down the fuel consumption rate, Engine cooling water flow rate, inlet and outlet
temperature of the engine cooling water, Exhaust gases cooling water flow rate, Air flow rate,
and Air inlet temperature.
4. Set the dynamometer to 20 % of the full load, till it attains the steady state condition. Note
down the fuel consumption rate, Engine cooling water flow rate, inlet and outlet temperature
of the engine cooling water, Exhaust gases cooling water flow rate, Air flow rate, and Air inlet
temperature.
5. Repeat the experiment at 40 %, 60 %, and 80 % of the full load at constant speed.
6. Disengage the dynamometer and stop the engine.
7. Do the necessary calculation and prepare the heat balance she
OBSERVATIONS:
1. Engine = 4 stroke single cylinder
2. Bore = 87.50 mm
3. Stroke = 11-.00 mm
4. Length of dynamo arm = 185 mm
5. Diameter of orifice = 20 mm
6. Cd of orifice = 0.6
7. Density of fuel = 830 kg/m3
8. Calorific value = 42000 kj/kg
9. Ambient temp = 27°C

Observation table:

SL Speed Load T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Fuel Water Water


Consumption flow flow
(kg) through through
( CC/min) engine calorimetr
1.
2.
3.
4.
Here,
T1 =Temperature of exhaust gas
T2 = Temperature of inlet to engine
T3 = Temperature of water outlet to engine
T4 = Temperature of water inlet to calorimeter
T4 = Temperature of water outlet to calorimeter
Calculations:

RESULT TABLE :-

Sl. Engine Speed, Brake Fuel Air Flow Exhaust Gas Flow Rate,
Power, BP Consumption, Rate, mfg
No. N (rpm) mf (Kg/hr) mair (Kg/hr)
(KW) (Kg/hr)
1. 1500

2. 1500

3. 1500

4. 1500

HEAT BALANCE SHEET :-

Heat Energy KJ/hr % age Heat Energy Consumed KJ/hr % age


Supplied (Distribution)
(a) Heat energy equivalent
to output brake power.
Heat energy (b) Heat energy lost to
available engine cooling water.
from the fuel (c) Heat energy carried
brunt away by the exhaust gases.
(d) Unaccounted heat
Energy Loss.
Total 100 % Total 100 %
RESULT:-

Viva Questions

1. Explain the air-fuel ratio?


2. What is Injection Timing?
3. What are the methods of available for improving the performance of an
engine?
4. Distinguish between power and specific output?
5. What is the importance of specific fuel consumption?
6. What is the torque of an engine?

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