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AL-Revision Chap 5,6

This document contains 10 problems related to fluid mechanics. The problems involve calculating discharge rates, maximum heights reached by water jets, pump power requirements, torque and rotational speeds, and forces on pipes and elbows based on given parameters such as pipe diameters, flow rates, pressure changes, and equipment efficiencies. Frictional effects are generally neglected in the calculations.

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Omar A-g
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82 views

AL-Revision Chap 5,6

This document contains 10 problems related to fluid mechanics. The problems involve calculating discharge rates, maximum heights reached by water jets, pump power requirements, torque and rotational speeds, and forces on pipes and elbows based on given parameters such as pipe diameters, flow rates, pressure changes, and equipment efficiencies. Frictional effects are generally neglected in the calculations.

Uploaded by

Omar A-g
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTIVE LEARNING – REVISION CHAPTER 5 & 6

1. A pressurized tank of water has a 10-cm-diameter orifice at the bottom, where water discharges to
the atmosphere. The water level is 2.5 m above the outlet. The tank air pressure above the water
level is 250 kPa (absolute) while the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Neglecting frictional effects,
determine the initial discharge rate of water from the tank.
2. The water level in a tank is 20 m above the ground. A hose is
connected to the bottom of the tank, and the nozzle at the end of the
hose is pointed straight up. The tank cover is airtight, and the air
pressure above the water surface is 2 atm gage. The system is at sea
level. Determine the maximum height to which the water stream could
rise.
3. The water level in a tank is 20 m above the ground. A hose is
connected to the bottom of the tank, and the nozzle at the end of the
hose is pointed straight up. The tank is at sea level, and the water
surface is open to the atmosphere. In the line leading from the tank
to the nozzle is a pump, which increases the pressure of water. If the
water jet rises to a height of 27 m from the ground, determine the
minimum pressure rise supplied by the pump to the water line.
4. Water enters a hydraulic turbine through a 30-cm-diameter
pipe at a rate of 0.6 m3/s and exits through a 25-cm-diameter
pipe. The pressure drop in the turbine is measured by a
mercury manometer to be 1.2 m. For a combined turbine–
generator efficiency of 83 percent, determine the net electric
power output. Disregard the effect of the kinetic energy
correction factors.
5. A fireboat is to fight fires at coastal areas by drawing seawater with a density of 1030 kg/m3
through a 10-cm-diameter pipe at a rate of 0.04 m3/s and discharging it through a hose nozzle with
an exit diameter of 5 cm. The total irreversible head loss of the system is 3 m, and the position of
the nozzle is 3 m above sea level. For a pump efficiency of 70 percent, determine the required
shaft power input to the pump and the water discharge velocity.
6. Describe in terms of momentum and airflow how a helicopter is able to hover. How does it stay
aloft? Does it take more, equal, or less power for a helicopter to hover at the top of a mountain
than it does at sea level? Explain. In a given location, would a helicopter require more energy in a
summer or winter to achieve a specified performance? Explain.
7. A reducing elbow in a horizontal pipe is used to deflect water flow by an angle 𝜃 = 45° from the
flow direction while accelerating it. The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere. The cross-
sectional area of the elbow is 150 cm2 at the inlet and 25 cm2 at the exit. The elevation difference
between the centers of the exit and the inlet is 40 cm. The mass of the elbow and the water in it is
50 kg. Determine the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place. Take the momentum-flux
correction factor to be 1.03 at both the inlet and outlet.
8. A helicopter of mass 12,000 kg is hovering on top of a 2200-m-high mountain where the air density
is 0.987 kg/m3. The horizontal blades above a helicopter cause a 18-m-diameter air mass to move
downward at an average velocity proportional to the overhead blade rotational velocity (rpm).
Noting that the unloaded helicopter blades must rotate at 550 rpm to hover at sea level, determine
the blade rotational velocity to hover at the higher altitude. Also determine the percent increase in
the required power input to hover at 2200-m altitude relative to that at sea level. Take the density
of atmospheric air at sea level to be 1.18 kg/m3.
9. Water is flowing through a 10-cm-diameter water pipe at a rate of 0.1 m3/s. Now a diffuser with
an outlet diameter of 20 cm is bolted to the pipe in order to slow down water. Disregarding fric-
tional effects, determine the force exerted on the bolts due to the water flow.
10. Water enters vertically and steadily at a rate of 35 L/s into the sprinkler with unequal arms and
unequal discharge areas. The smaller jet has a discharge area of 3 cm2 and a normal distance of 50
cm from the axis of rotation. The larger jet has a discharge area of 5 cm2 and a normal distance of
35 cm from the axis of rotation. Disregarding any frictional effects, determine (a) the rotational
speed of the sprinkler in rpm and (b) the torque required to prevent the sprinkler from rotating.

END OF PROBLEMS

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