1. (a) Find the first three terms of the Maclaurin series for ln (1 + ex).

(6)

2 ln(1  e x )  x  ln 4
(b) Hence, or otherwise, determine the value of lim .
x 0 x2
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

dy
2. Consider the differential equation  x 2  y 2 where y = 1 when x = 0.
dx

(a) Use Euler’s method with step length 0.1 to find an approximate value of y when x = 0.4.
(7)

(b) Write down, giving a reason, whether your approximate value for y is greater than or less
than the actual value of y.
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

3. Solve the differential equation

dy
x2  y 2  3 xy  2 x 2
dx

given that y = –1 when x = 1. Give your answer in the form y = f(x).

(Total 11 marks)

( n 1) π
4. The integral In is defined by In =  nπ
e  x sin x dx, for n  .

1
(a) Show that I0 = (1  e  π ) .
2
(6)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 1

 (b) By letting y = x – nπ, show that In = e–nπI0.
(4)


(c) Hence determine the exact value of 0
e  x sin x dx .
(5)
(Total 15 marks)


xn
5. The exponential series is given by ex = n 0 n!
.

(a) Find the set of values of x for which the series is convergent.
(4)

(b) (i) Show, by comparison with an appropriate geometric series, that

2x
ex – 1 < , for 0 < x < 2.
2 x

n
 2n  1 
 , for n 
+
(ii) Hence show that e <  .
 2n  1 
(6)

(c) (i) Write down the first three terms of the Maclaurin series for 1 – e–x and explain why
you are able to state that

x2
1 – e–x > x  , for 0 < x < 2.
2

n
 2n 2 
(ii) 
Deduce that e >  2  , for n  +
.

 2n  2n  1 
(4)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 2

 (d) Letting n = 1000, use the results in parts (b) and (c) to calculate the value of e correct to
as many decimal places as possible.
(2)
(Total 16 marks)


6. (a) (i) Find the range of values of n for which 1
x n dx exists.


(ii) Write down the value of 1
x n dx in terms of n, when it does exist.
(7)

(b) Find the solution to the differential equation

dy
(cos x – sin x) + (cos x + sin x)y = cos x + sin x,
dx

π
given that y = –1 when x = .
2
(8)
(Total 15 marks)

1 
7. (a) Find the value of lim   cot x  .
x 0 x 
(6)

(b) Find the interval of convergence of the infinite series

( x  2) ( x  2) 2 ( x  2) 3
 2  3  ... .
3 1 3 2 3 3
(10)

(c) (i) Find the Maclaurin series for ln(1 + sin x) up to and including the term in x3.

(ii) Hence find a series for ln(1 – sin x) up to and including the term in x3.

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 3

 (iii) Deduce, by considering the difference of the two series, that

π π2 
ln 3 ≈ 1  .
3  216 
(12)
(Total 28 marks)

dy
8. Given that – 2y2 = ex and y = 1 when x = 0, use Euler’s method with a step length of 0.1 to
dx
find an approximation for the value of y when x = 0.4. Give all intermediate values with
maximum possible accuracy.
(Total 8 marks)

 
9. (a) Using integration by parts, show that 0
e  x cos xdx  
0
e  x sin xdx .
(5)

(b) Find the value of these two integrals.

(6)
(Total 11 marks)

10. Solve the differential equation

dy
x2 = y2 + xy + 4x2,
dx

given that y = 2 when x = 1. Give your answer in the form y = f(x).

(Total 9 marks)

11. (a) Using the Maclaurin series for (1 + x)n, write down and simplify the Maclaurin series
1

approximation for (1  x 2 ) 2
as far as the term in x4.
(3)

(b) Use your result to show that a series approximation for arccos x is

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 4

 π 1 3 5
arccos x ≈  x  x3  x .
2 6 40
(3)

π
 arccos( x 2 )  x 2
(c) Evaluate lim 2 .
x 0 x6
(5)

(d) Use the series approximation for arccos x to find an approximate value for

0.2
 arccos(
0
x )dx ,

giving your answer to 5 decimal places. Does your answer give the actual value of the
integral to 5 decimal places?
(6)
(Total 17 marks)

 k
 x
12. (a) Consider the power series  k  .
k 1  2 

(i) Find the radius of convergence.

(ii) Find the interval of convergence.

(10)

 (1) k 1 k
(b) Consider the infinite series  .
k 1 2k  1
2

(i) Show that the series is convergent.

(ii) Show that the sum to infinity of the series is less than 0.25.
(5)
(Total 15 marks)

dy π
13. Given that + 2y tan x = sin x, and y = 0 when x = , find the maximum value of y.
dx 3
(Total 11 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 5

14. (a) The diagram shows a sketch of the graph of y = x–4 for x > 0.

By considering this sketch, show that, for n  +

,

  

 r
1 dx 1
r  n 1 r 4
 
n x 4

r n
4
.

(5)

r
1
(b) Let S = 4
r 1

Use the result in (a) to show that, for n ≥ 2, the value of S lies between

n 1 n

r r
1 1 1 1
4
 3
and 4
 .
r 1 3n r 1 3n 3
(8)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 6

 (c) (i) Show that, by taking n = 8, the value of S can be deduced correct to three decimal
places and state this value.

π4
(ii) The exact value of S is known to be where N  +
. Determine the value of
N
N.
(6)


( 1) r 1
(d) Now let T =
r4
r 1
Find the value of T correct to three decimal places.
(3)
(Total 22 marks)

 1  cos x 6 
15. Find lim  12
.

x 0
 x 
(Total 7 marks)

16. Determine whether or not the following series converge.


 nπ ( n  1) π 
(a)   sin
n0 2
 sin
2 


(3)


e n 1
(b) n 1 πn
(7)


n 1
(c)  n(n  1)
n2
(6)
(Total 16 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 7

17. (a) Using the Maclaurin series for the function ex, write down the first four terms of the
x2

Maclaurin series for e 2 .
(3)

u2
x 
(b) Hence find the first four terms of the series for 0
e 2 du .
(3)

x2
1 1 
(c) Use the result from part (b) to find an approximate value for
2π
e
0
2 dx .

(3)
(Total 9 marks)

18. Solve the differential equation

dy
(x – 1) + xy = (x – 1)e–x
dx

given that y = 1 when x = 0. Give your answer in the form y = f(x).

(Total 13 marks)

19. Consider the infinite series

1 1 1 1
    ... .
2 ln 2 3 ln 3 4 ln 4 5 ln 5

(a) Show that the series converges.

(4)

(b) Determine if the series converges absolutely or conditionally.

(11)
(Total 15 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 8

20. Find

tan x
(a) lim ;
x 0 x  x2
(4)

1  x 2  2 x 2 ln x
(b) lim .
x 1 πx
1  sin
2
(7)
(Total 11 marks)

dy
21. The variables x and y are related by – y tan x = cos x.
dx

π
(a) Find the Maclaurin series for y up to and including the term in x2 given that y = 
2
when x = 0.
(7)

(b) Solve the differential equation given that y = 0 when x = π. Give the solution in the form
y = f(x).
(10)
(Total 17 marks)

 sin n
1
22. (a) Determine whether the series is convergent or divergent.
n 1
(5)

 n(ln n)
1
(b) Show that the series 2
is convergent.
n 2
(7)
(Total 12 marks)

dy y 2  x 2
23. Consider the differential equation  for which y = –1 when x = 1.
dx 2x 2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 9

 (a) Use Euler’s method with a step length of 0.25 to find an estimate for the value
of y when x = 2.
(7)

(b) (i) Solve the differential equation giving your answer in the form y = f(x).

(ii) Find the value of y when x = 2.

(13)
(Total 20 marks)

 9n
3
24. (a) Find the value of .
n 1
2
 3n  2
(6)


(b) (i) Sum the series x
r 0
r
.

(ii) Hence, using sigma notation, deduce a series for

1
(a) ;
1 x 2

(b) arctan x;

π
(c) .
6
(11)

100
(c) Show that  n! ≡ 3(mod15).
n 1
(4)
(Total 21 marks)

25. (a) Assuming the series for ex, find the first five terms of the Maclaurin series for

x2
1 
e 2 .
2π

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 10

 (3)

(b) (i) Use your answer to (a) to find an approximate expression for the cumulative
distribution function of N(0, 1).

(ii) Hence find an approximate value for P(–0.5 ≤ Z ≤ 0.5), where Z ~ N(0, 1).
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

( x  2) ( x  2) 2 ( x  2) 3
26. The function f(x) is defined by the series f(x) = 1   2  3 + ...
3 1 3 2 3 3

(a) Write down the general term.

(1)

(b) Find the interval of convergence.

(13)
(Total 14 marks)

dv
27. Solve the differential equation (u + 3v3) = 2v, giving your answer in the form u = f(v).
du
(Total 8 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 11

28. Solve the differential equation

dy y y 2
  (where x > 0)
dx x x 2

given that y = 2 when x = 1. Give your answer in the form y = f(x).

(Total 13 marks)

x
1)
29. The function f is defined by f(x) = e (e .

(a) Assuming the Maclaurin series for ex, show that the Maclaurin series for f(x)
5
is 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ...
6
(5)

f ( x)  1
(b) Hence or otherwise find the value of lim .
x 0 f ( x)  1
(5)
(Total 10 marks)

2n 2
30. The sequence {un} is defined for n  +
by un = .
n 2 1

(a) Find the value L of lim u n .

n
(2)

(b) Use the formal ε, N definition of convergence to prove that lim u n  L .

n
(7)
(Total 9 marks)

 n(n  3) .
1
31. Consider the infinite series
n 1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 12

 (a) Using one of the standard tests for convergence, show that the series is convergent.
(3)

1
(b) (i) Express in partial fractions.
n(n  3)

(ii) Hence find the sum of the above infinite series.

(10)
(Total 13 marks)

32. (a) Find the radius of convergence of the infinite series

1 1 3 2 1 3  5 3 1 3  5  7 4
x x  x  x  ...
2 25 2 58 2  5  8  11
(7)


1 
(b) Determine whether the series  sin  n  nπ 
n 1
is convergent or divergent.

(8)
(Total 15 marks)


n10
33. Determine whether the series n 1 10
n
is convergent or divergent.

(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 13

34. (a) Using l’Hopital’s Rule, show that lim xe  x = 0.
x 
(2)

a
(b) Determine  0
xe  x dx.
(5)


(c) Show that the integral  0
xe  x dx is convergent and find its value.
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

35. Consider the differential equation

dy x3
x  2y  2 .
dx x 1

(a) Find an integrating factor for this differential equation.

(5)

(b) Solve the differential equation given that y =1 when x =1, giving your answer in the form
y = f (x).
(8)
(Total 13 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 14

36.

1
The diagram shows part of the graph of y = together with line segments parallel to the
x3
coordinate axes.

(a) Using the diagram, show that

1 1 1  1 1 1 1
4 3
 3  3  ...
5 6 3 x 3
dx  3  3  3  ....
3 4 5
(3)


1
(b) Hence find upper and lower bounds for n
n 1
3
.
(12)
(Total 15 marks)

37. The function f is defined by

 1 
f (x) = ln  .
1 x 

(a) Write down the value of the constant term in the Maclaurin series for f (x).
(1)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 15

 (b) Find the first three derivatives of f (x) and hence show that the Maclaurin series for f (x)
x2 x3
up to and including the x3 term is x   .
2 3
(6)

(c) Use this series to find an approximate value for ln 2.

(3)

(d) Use the Lagrange form of the remainder to find an upper bound for the error in this
approximation.
(5)

(e) How good is this upper bound as an estimate for the actual error?
(2)
(Total 17 marks)

 ln x 
38. (a) Find the value of lim  .
x 1 sin 2 x 
 
(3)

 1 e x 2 
By using the series expansions for e x and cos x evaluate lim  .
2
(b)
x 0 1  cos x 
 
(7)
(Total 10 marks)

 dx
39. Find the exact value of  x  22 x 1 .
0

(Total 9 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 16

40. A curve that passes through the point (1, 2) is defined by the differential equation

dy
dx

 2x 1 x 2  y . 
(a) (i) Use Euler’s method to get an approximate value of y when x = 1.3, taking steps of
0.1. Show intermediate steps to four decimal places in a table.

(ii) How can a more accurate answer be obtained using Euler’s method?
(5)

(b) Solve the differential equation giving your answer in the form y = f (x).
(9)
(Total 14 marks)

41. (a) Given that y = ln cos x, show that the first two non-zero terms of the Maclaurin series for
x2 x4
y are   .
2 12
(8)

(b) Use this series to find an approximation in terms of  for ln 2.

(6)
(Total 14 marks)


 1n x n .
42. (a) Find the radius of convergence of the series 
n  0 n  1 3
n

(6)


(b) Determine whether the series  
n 0
3
n 3  1  n  is convergent or divergent.

(7)
(Total 13 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 17

43. Solve the following differential equation

dy
(x + 1)(x + 2) y =x+1
dx

giving your answer in the form y = f (x).

(Total 11 marks)

44. The function f is defined by f (x) = ln (1 + sin x).

1
(a) Show that f ′′ (x) = .
1  sin x
(4)

(b) Determine the Maclaurin series for f (x) as far as the term in x4.
(6)

(c) Deduce the Maclaurin series for ln (1− sin x) as far as the term in x4.
(2)

x2 x4
(d) By combining your two series, show that ln sec x =   ....
2 12
(4)

ln sec x
(e) Hence, or otherwise, find lim .
x0 x x
(2)
(Total 18 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 18

 n

k.
1
45. Let Sn =
k 1

1
(a) Show that, for n  2, S2n  Sn + .
2
(3)

m
(b) Deduce that S 2 m 1  S2 + .
2
(7)

(c) Hence show that the sequence S n  is divergent.

(3)
(Total 13 marks)

46. (a) Show that the solution of the homogeneous differential equation

dy y
  1 , x > 0,
dx x

given that y = 0 when x = e, is y = x(ln x – 1).

(5)

(b) (i) Determine the first three derivatives of the function f(x) = x(ln x – 1).

(ii) Hence find the first three non-zero terms of the Taylor series for f(x) about x = 1.
(7)
(Total 12 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 19

  1
47. (a) (i) Show that 1 x( x  p )
dx, p ≠ 0 is convergent if p > –1 and find its value in terms

of p.

(ii) Hence show that the following series is convergent.

1 1 1
   ...
1  0 .5 2  1 .5 3  2 . 5
(8)

(b) Determine, for each of the following series, whether it is convergent or divergent.


 
 sin  n(n  3) 
1
(i)
n 1

1 1 1 1
(ii)     ...
2 6 12 20
(11)
(Total 19 marks)

1  ax
48. The function f(x) = can be expanded as a power series in x, within its radius of
1  bx

convergence R, in the form f(x) ≡ 1 + c
n 1
nx
n
.

(a) (i) Show that cn = (–b)n–1(a – b).

(ii) State the value of R.

(5)

(b) Determine the values of a and b for which the expansion of f(x) agrees with that of ex up
to and including the term in x2.
(4)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 20

 1
(c) Hence find a rational approximation to e 3 .
(3)
(Total 12 marks)

49. (a) Show that the solution of the differential equation

dy
= cos x cos2 y,
dx

π
given that y = when x = π, is y = arctan (1 + sin x).
4
(5)

(b) Determine the value of the constant a for which the following limit exists

arctan(1  sin x)  a
lim 2
π
x  π
2 x 
 2

and evaluate that limit.

(12)
(Total 17 marks)

1 1 
50. Calculate lim   .
x 0 x sin x 
(Total 6 marks)

n
1
51. Use the integral test to show that the series p
is convergent for p > 1.
n 1
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 21

52. (a) (i) Find the first four derivatives with respect to x of y = ln(1 + sin x)

(ii) Hence, show that the Maclaurin series, up to the term in x4, for y is

1 2 1 3 1 4
y=x– x  x  x  ...
2 6 12
(10)

(b) Deduce the Maclaurin series, up to and including the term in x4, for

(i) y = ln(1 – sin x);

(ii) y = ln cosx;

(iii) y = tan x.
(10)

 tan( x 2 ) 
(c) Hence calculate lim  .
x 0 ln cos x 
 
(4)
(Total 24 marks)

dy xy
53. Consider the differential equation  = 1, where │x│ < 2 and y = 1 when x = 0.
dy 4  x 2

(a) Use Euler’s method with h = 0.25, to find an approximate value of y when x = 1, giving
your answer to two decimal places.
(10)

(b) (i) By first finding an integrating factor, solve this differential equation.
Give your answer in the form y = f(x).

(ii) Calculate, correct to two decimal places, the value of y when x = 1.

(10)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 22

 (c) Sketch the graph of y = f(x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. Use your sketch to explain why your
approximate value of y is greater than the true value of y.
(4)
(Total 24 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 23