SECTION 2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Group 1 Pump Device ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-1

Group 2 Main Control Valve ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-9
Group 3 Swing Device ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-38
Group 4 Travel Device -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-46
Group 5 RCV Lever ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2-64
Group 6 RCV Pedal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2-71
 SECTION 2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
GROUP 1 HYDRAULIC PUMP
- TYPE A
1. GENERAL
This is a variable displacement double-piston pump for discharge with equal displacements from one
cylinder block. This pump is so compact as to appear a single pump though this is actually a double
pump.
Because this pump has one swash plate, the tilting angle is the same for two pumps. Tilting of the
pump changes in response to the total pressure of P1 + P2. Namely, the output is controlled to the
constant value so that the relationship between the discharge pressure and flow rate Q becomes
constant, (P1 + P2) * Q = constant.
The third pump and pilot pump can be connected to the same shaft via a coupling.

R1
A2
DIRECTION OF
ROTATION

A1
A1 A2
A3
A3

A4
VIEW "A"

R1 A1 A2 A4 A3

S1

S1
R35Z72MP01

Port Port name Port size

S1 Suction port SAE 1 1/2 (Standard)
A1, A2, A3 Delivery port PF 1/2-17
A4 Pilot port G 3/8-13
R1 Air bleeder port With bleeder valve (M10×1.0)

2-1
2. MAJOR COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

1 2 5 8 19 18 9

11 12 14 6 3 4 16 7

R35Z72MP03

1 Drive shaft assembly 9 Trochoid pump

2 Swash plate assembly 11 Oil seal
3 Rotary group 12 Bearing
4 Port plate assembly 14 Stopper assembly
5 Spring seat assembly 16 Relief valve
6 Control piston assembly 18 Spring
7 Gear pump 19 Spring
8 Housing

This is a variable displacement double-piston pump for discharge with two equal displacements
from one cylinder block. Because this is one rotary group, there is only one suction port.
The oil is divided into two equal flows by the control plate in the cover and directed to two
discharge ports provided in the cover.
The discharge pressure directed to the control piston tilts the hanger by overcoming the spring
force.
Since the piston stroke changes according to the tilting angle of the hanger, the flow can be
changed.
The simultaneous tilting angle constant-output control method is employed.
The pilot pump can be connected to the same shaft via a coupling.

2-2
1) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
(1) Function of pump

Displacement q (cm2)
q= Л×d2/4×tanα×D×Z/2×10-3
tanα×D : Strokes
αa
Z : Number of piston

Piston
Bottom dead point Swash plate
(sliding surface)
Cylinder block
d

Control plate

Suction port

S
Top dead point

Su
ctio
np
roc
es
s
De
live
ry
Outside pro
ce
Inside P1 Delivery port ss
P2

R35Z72MP05

The cylinder block is connected via spline and can rotate together with the drive shaft.
The piston assembled into the cylinder block performs reciprocal operation while following the
swash plate on the hanger.
The piston moves in a direction to increase the displacement during a stroke from the lower to the
upper dead points. The oil flows from the suction port via a port plate into the cylinder block
(suction process).
During a stroke from the upper to the lower dead points, the piston moves in a direction to
decrease the displacement. The oil is discharged to the discharge port (discharge process).
The displacement can be changed by changing the tilting of the hanger (swash plate).
The oil sucked through the port in the cylinder block is discharged from the discharge port in the
control plate.
The oil sucked through the port on the outside of the cylinder block is discharged from the
discharge port on the outside of the control plate.

2-3
2) CONTROL FUNCTIONS

Spring

Swash plate

Piston P3
Piston for P3 shift
Total pressure

Shifting
flow line

Qmax
Flow Q

R35Z72MP04

The delivery pressure P1 and P2 are directed to the piston which slides on the swash plate and
acts on the swash plate.
The spring is provided to act against the delivery pressure.
When the oil pressure via piston acting on the swash plate is less than the installation load of the
spring the swash plate is fixed to the maximum tilting position.
When the oil pressure via piston acting on the swash plate exceeds the installation load of the
spring the swash plate is tilted and kept tilted at a position where the oil pressure is balanced with
the spring force. (region A in above figure)
When the P3 oil pressure act on the shaft piston, the control shifting line is shifted.

2-4
3) CONTROL / ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURE
(1) Loosen the hexagonal nut.
(2) Tighten or loosen the adjusting screw to set the power shifting line.

Spring seat Port plate

Adjustment screw

Hexagon nut
Spring guide

Tighten Loosen

Tighten

Pressure at initiation of tilting

Total pressure
∑P (A1+A2)

Loosen

Qmax
Flow Q

R35Z72MP06

2-5
 - TYPE B
1. GENERAL
This is a variable displacement double-piston pump for discharge with equal displacements from one
cylinder block. This pump is so compact as to appear a single pump though this is actually a double
pump.
Because this pump has one swash plate, the tilting angle is the same for two pumps. Tilting of the
pump changes in response to the total pressure of P1 + P2. Namely, the output is controlled to the
constant value so that the relationship between the discharge pressure and flow rate Q becomes
constant, (P1 + P2) * Q =Constant.
The third pump and pilot pump can be connected to the same shaft via a coupling.

P1

P4

P1 P2 P3 P4 Pc

P2 P3
Pc
M
O

S1
Hydraulic circuit

S1

35Z9A2MP01

Description of the ports

Port Port name Port size
S1 Suction port SAE 1 1/4
P1, P2, P3 Discharge port PF 1/2
P4 Discharge port PF 3/8
Pc Pilot port PF 1/4

2-5-1
2-6
2. MAJOR COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

1 2 5 12 8 4

9 10 11 6 3 7
R27Z92MP03

1 Drive shaft assembly 7 Gear pump

2 Swash plate assembly 8 Housing
3 Cylinder barrel 9 Oil seal
4 Port plate assembly 10 Bearing
5 Spring seat assembly 11 Stopper assembly
6 Piston 12 Spring

This is a variable displacement double-piston pump for discharge with two equal displacements
from one cylinder block. Because this is one cylinder barrel, there is only one suction port.
The oil is divided into two equal flows by the control plate in the cover and directed to two
discharge ports provided in the cover.
The discharge pressure directed to the piston tilts the hanger by overcoming the spring force.
Since the piston stroke changes according to the tilting angle of the hanger, the flow can be
changed.
The simultaneous tilting angle constant-output control method is employed.
The pilot pump can be connected to the same shaft via a coupling.

2-5-2
2-7
1) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
(1) Function of pump

Discharge groove P2
Suction groove P1
P2
Discharge groove P1

Valve plate Cylinder barrel

Figure 1 Working principle of PVD pump

Suction groove Discharge groove

Valve plate Cylinder barrel

Figure 2 Working principle of Conventional type

35Z9A2MP05

This pump adopts a new method using even numbered pistons to make functions of two same
volume pumps available in one casing of a swash plate type variable volume piston pump.
Conventional valve plate has one suction groove and one discharge groove respectively as
shown in figure 2. But this method adopts one common suction groove and two discharge
grooves on the outer side (P1) and the inner side (P2) as shown in figure 1, the piston room in the
cylinder barrel opens to either the outer side (P1) or the inner side (P2) discharge groove of the
valve plate alternately, and the discharges are performed independently on the inner side and the
outer side.
Since this model has even numbered pistons, same No of pistons open to the outer side and the
inner side of the valve plate. All pistons are of same swash plate, so the discharges from the outer
side (P1) and the inner side (P2) are equal.
Also, since only one swash plate is used, the discharges from P1 and P2 ports changes equally
when the swash plate angle of rake changes in variable controls. So, there is no difference
between the two discharges.

2-5-3
2-8
2) CONTROL FUNCTIONS

Spring

Spring force F2
L2

Rod G
L1

P3
Load F1

P3 P3

P3 pump onload
P3 pump unload
Volume
Q1, Q2

0 Volume
P1+P2

P-Q characteristic
35Z9A2MP04

(1) Constant horse power variable structure

The pump output flow rate is variable depending on an angle of the swash plate which is con-
trolled according to the pump output pressure. This control enables the pump consumption horse
power to be sustained at the maximum. The tilt point of the swash plate is the balls located be-
hind the swash plate. The load F1 from the pistons is in the direction shown in the illustration and
generates a clockwise moment against the swash plate. Against this force the spring (force F2) is
located in the opposite direction to keep the horse power constant and set at the appointed load.
As the pressure increases, the above clockwise moment increases, and when it overcomes the
counter-clockwise moment created by the spring force, the spring is sagged and the swash plate
angle gets smaller. Then the output flow rate is reduced to keep the horse power constant.
This prevents engine stall and the engine horse power can be utilized at the maximum.
(2) Power shift mode (Reduced horse power control by P3 pressure)
This control keeps the maximum value of the pump consumption horse power including the third
pump (gear pump) constant. When the P3 (gear pump) pressure acts on the rod G, a clockwise
moment proportion to the pressure acts on the swash plate and the P-Q characteristic shifts so
that the total pump consumption horse power including the gear pump horse power is kept con-
stant.

2-5-4
2-9
3) CONTROL / ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURE
(1) Loosen the hexagonal nut.
(2) Tighten or loosen the adjusting screw to set the power shifting line.

Spring guide Hexagon nut

Adjustment screw

Tighten Loosen

Tighten
Total pressure

Pressure at initiation of tilting

∑P (P1+P2)

Loosen

Qmax
Flow Q

35Z9A2MP07

2-5-5
2-10
3. ADJUSTMENT
This hydraulic pump has been set and inspected according to specified input power and control.
Readjustment of all the adjusting portions may lead to the loss of functions specified for each control
and the pump proper may be excluded from the scope of guarantee. Never attempt operating the
adjusting screw, etc.

4. INSTALLATION
(1) Install the pump so that the input shaft becomes horizontal.
(2) Install the pump in a position lower than the lowest oil level in the tank to allow continuous flow of
the oil into the pump.
(3) Since the pump is installed directly to the diesel engine, always use a flexible hose. Install the
suction pipe firmly to prevent suction of an air.
(4) Use the high-pressure type flexible hoses for the discharge ports A1~A2.
(5) After installation, fill the pump housing with the hydraulic oil.
(6) Do not direct the external drain piping from within the oil.

5. DRIVE
(1) Use a flexible coupling for connection to the motor.
(2) Insert the coupling firmly onto the input shaft. Do not hammer the coupling during insertion.
(3) The input shaft must rotate clockwise when viewed from the shaft end.

6. HYDRAULIC OIL
The hydraulic oil to be used must be a general petroleum, hydraulic oil or wear-resistant hydraulic oil
(ISO 3448, VG 32~56 or equivalent).
The applicable viscosity range is as follows :
Maximum allowable viscosity : 1000 mm2/s
Minimum allowable viscosity : 10 mm2/s
Recommended viscosity range : 15 ~ 36 mm2/s

7. STARTING PROCEDURE
※ Before start up, check the following points and observe the cautions :
(1) Check if the tank has been washed clean.
(2) Check if the piping is clean and installed in such a manner as to prevent stress on the pump.
(3) Check if the piping is connected correctly according to the piping (circuit) diagram.
(4) Check if the joint and flange are correctly tightened.
(5) Check if the joint between the motor and pump is correctly installed.
(6) Check if the motor rotation direction agrees with the pump rotation direction.
(7) Check if the specific hydraulic oil is supplied though the filter and filled in the tank to the specified
position of the oil level gauge.
(8) Check if the filter has the specified filtration accuracy (10 ㎛ or less).
(9) Check if the filter has been installed correctly relative to the flow direction.
(10) Check if the pump housing is filled with oil.
(11) Check if the control valve is set to the bypass position.
(12) Start the motor. If necessary, carry out warm-up operation at low speed.
(13) Check, without any load on the system, if the actuator operates correctly.

2-6
 (14) When the motor has reached the operation speed, check the operation while applying the load to
the actuator.
(15) Check the monitoring or measuring instrument if installed.
(16) Check the noise level.
(17) Check the oil level in the tank. Supply the oil. If required.
(18) Check the setting of the pressure control valve while applying the load to the actuator.
(19) Check the parts for any leakage.
(20) Stop the motor.
(21) Retighten all the bolts and plugs even when they have proved to by free from Leakage.
(be sure to remove the pressure from the circuit before retightening.)
(22) Check the oil level in the tank.
(23) Check if the pump and actuator function correctly.
(24) Irregular operation of the actuator indicates that an air is left still in the circuit. When the air is
bleeded completely from the circuit, all the parts operates smoothly without any irregular
movement and there is no bubble in the oil of the tank.
(25) Check the oil temperature.
(26) Stop the motor.
(27) Check the filter if the element is fouled.
(28) If the element is heavily fouled, carry out flashing in the circuit.
※ To prevent damage to the pump, be sure to observe the following cautions during the operation
which may allow entry of the actuator, hydraulic oil change, etc :
(1) After oil supply, fill the pump housing with the hydraulic oil.
(2) Start the pump with the speed of 1000 rpm or less and take care not to allow the oil level to lower
below the specified level of the oil level gauge.
(3) When bleeding an air from the hydraulic circuit, keep the motor speed at 1000 rpm or less.
Operate each actuator for three or more cycles and carry out idling for 5 minutes or more.

8. MAINTENANCE
The maintenance of this hydraulic pump is limited mainly to the tank, in particular, the hydraulic oil
change.
Since the maintenance interval varies depending on respective operation and use conditions, the
cautions described below for the users should be for reference only.
(1) Checking
hecking the filter
① Every day for the initial period after start up.
② Once a week when the operation becomes stable.
③ Once a month when the operation hours exceed about 100 hours.
※ When any part of the hydraulic system is changed (e.g., assembling of an additional part, change
and repair of the piping), check the filter newly as in the case of startup.
(1) Changing the filter
① After startup
② After 500 hours of operation
③ Every 500 hours of operation after that, and each time the hydraulic oil is changed or the failure
occurs. If any abnormal fouling of the filter is observed during daily check up to the first filter
change after startup, find out the cause.
In this case, do not extend the check and filter change intervals to 500 hours.
※ The paper filter can not be cleaned. Change the filter as a whole.

2-7
(3) Changing the hydraulic oil
① After 5000 hours of operation.
② Every 5000 hours of operation or once a year after that.
The change interval may have to be shortened depending on the degree of fouling and the
thermal load condition of the hydraulic oil.
If the hydraulic oil is not appropriate and need be changed, pay attention to the following points :
Be sure to control the oil temperature below the highest temperature and above the lowest
temperature during operation in winter and summer.
Pay attention to the following points during change of the hydraulic oil :
- Change the hydraulic oil as a whole quantity.
- Do not allow dust to mix into the circuit.
- Clean the tank inside.
- Supply the oil through the filter.
(4) Checking for the oil leakage
① Daily during the initial period after startup.
② Once a week when the operation becomes stable.
(5) Checking the temperature
① Monitor the temperature continuously.
② When the viscosity is above the allowable value because of low hydraulic oil temperature,
warm-up operation is necessary.
Start the motor with the speed set to about one half of the rated speed, then operate the
actuator under the load for a short period.
When the oil temperature is below the allowable ambient temperature, it is necessary to preheat
the oil tank before start of the motor.
③ Take care not to allow the hydraulic oil temperature to exceed +90°C

2-8
GROUP 2 MAIN CONTROL VALVE
1. OUTLINE
DOZER BM SW SWING PTO ARM TRAVEL TRAVEL BOOM BUCKET
(Pb1) (Pb2) (Pb3) (Pb4) (Pb5) (Pb6) (Pb7) (Pb8) BOOM (Pb10)
INLET LOCK

T1

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 P1 B7 B8 B10

A1 A2 A3 P3 A4 A5 A6 P2 A7 A9 A10
T2

(Pa1) (Pa3) (Pa6) (Pa7) (Pa8)

Dr2

(Pa2) ARM IN (Pa4) (Pa5) (Pa10)

(Pb8')

R35Z92MCV01

Port Tightening Port Tightening

Mark Port name Mark Port name
size torque size torque
P1 P1 (A1) pump port 6.0~7.0 A10 Bucket out port PF 4.0~5.0
P2 P2 (A2) pump port PF kgf·m B10 Bucket in port 3/8 kgf·m
T1 Tank return port 1/2 (43.4~50.6 Pa1 Dozer down pilot port
T2 Tank return port lbf·ft) Pb1 Dozer up pilot port
P3 P3 (A3) pump port Pa2 Boom swing (RH) pilot port
A1 Dozer Pb2 Boom swing (LH) pilot port
B1 Dozer Pa3 Swing (RH) pilot port
A2 Boom swing (RH) port Pb3 Swing (LH) pilot port
B2 Boom swing (LH) port Pa5 Arm out pilot port
A3 Swing (LH) port Pb5 Arm in pilot port
B3 Swing (RH) port Pa6 Travel [LH/RR] pilot port 2.5~3.0
4.0~5.0 PF kgf·m
A4 Option port Pb6 Travel [LH/FW] pilot port
PF kgf·m 1/4 (18.1~21.7
B4 Option port Pa7 Travel [RH/RR] pilot port lbf·ft)
3/8 (28.9~36.2
A5 Arm out port lbf·ft) Pb7 Travel [RH/FW] pilot port
B5 Arm in port Pa8 Boom up pilot port
A6 Travel [LH/RR] port Pb8 Boom down pilot port
B6 Travel [LH/FW] port Pa10 Bucket out pilot port
A7 Travel [RH/RR] port Pb10 Bucket in pilot port
B7 Travel [RH/FW] port Dr1, 2 Drain port
A9 Boom up port Pa4 Option pilot port
B8 Boom down port Pb4 Option pilot port

2-9
2. STRUCTURE (1/3)
4-10
4-11 14
4-6
4-5 4-10 4-9
4-12
4-4 4-11
4-8
4-3
4-2
3-6 3-10
3-5 3-8 15
4-7
3-4
4-7 3-3
4-13
4-16 2-6 2-10
4-14 3-7 2-5 2-8
2-4
22
2-3
4-15 1-6
4-17 1-5 1-8
4-18 3-7 15 2-7 1-4
3-2 1-3
1-10
2-7 15 1-7
3-9

3-10 2-2

1-7
2-9
1-2 23
2-10

1-9 24
1-10 R35Z72MCV03

1 Dozer work block 2-9 Cover-pilot 4-6 Plug

1-1 Body-work 2-10 Bolt-soc head w/washer 4-7 O-ring
1-2 Spool assy 3 Swing work block 4-8 Cover-pilot
1-3 Poppet 3-1 Body-work 4-9 Bolt-soc head w/washer
1-4 Spring 3-2 Spool assy 4-10 Plug
1-5 O-ring 3-3 Poppet 4-11 O-ring
1-6 Plug 3-4 Spring 4-12 Plug
1-7 O-ring 3-5 O-ring 4-13 Piston
1-8 Cover-pilot 3-6 Plug 4-14 O-ring
1-9 Cover-pilot 3-7 O-ring 4-15 Body-pilot
1-10 Bolt-soc head w/washer 3-8 Cover-pilot 4-16 Bolt-soc head w/washer
2 Boom swing work block 3-9 Cover-pilot 4-17 Orifice
2-1 Body-work 3-10 Bolt-soc head w/washer 4-18 Filter-coin type
2-2 Spool assy 4 Connecting block 14 Relief valve
2-3 Poppet 4-1 Body-work 15 Overload relief valve
2-4 Spring 4-2 Spool assy 17 O-ring
2-5 O-ring 4-3 Poppet 22 O-ring
2-6 Plug 4-4 Spring 23 Bolt-tie
2-7 O-ring 4-5 O-ring 24 Nut-hex
2-8 Cover-pilot

2-10
 STRUCTURE (2/3)

13

7-8
7-6 15
7-4
13
7-3
6-6 6-10
6-5 6-8
7-5
6-4
6-3
19 15
5-6
6-7 5-5
7-5 15
5-4
18 5-3
7-2
5-10
6-7 15 5-7 5-8
7-7 18
6-2
7-8

6-9 5-7
18
5-2
6-10

5-9
5-10
R35Z92MCV04

5 PTO work block 6-2 Spool assy 7-4 Plug

5-1 Body-work 6-3 Poppet 7-5 O-ring
5-2 Spool assy 6-4 Spring 7-6 Cover-pilot
5-3 Poppet 6-5 O-ring 7-7 Cover-pilot
5-4 Spring 6-6 Plug 7-8 Bolt-soc head w/washer
5-5 O-ring 6-7 O-ring 8 Inlet work block
5-6 Plug 6-8 Cover-pilot 13 Relief valve
5-7 O-ring 6-9 Cover-pilot 15 Overload relief valve
5-8 Cover-pilot 6-10 Bolt-soc head w/washer 17 O-ring
5-9 Cover-pilot 7 Travel work block 18 O-ring
5-10 Bolt-soc head w/washer 7-1 Body work 19 O-ring
6 Arm work block 7-2 Spool assy
6-1 Body-work 7-3 O-ring

2-11
 STRUCTURE (3/3)

117
15
115
119 113
12-10 112
12-6 118 116
12-5 12-8 11-6 114
12-4 12-7 111 112
11-2
12-3 110 120
11-5 107
11-4 102
11-11 101
11-9 104
15 11-12 106 108 109
103
105
10-6 10-10
12-7 11-10
15 10-5 10-8
18 10-4
12-2 10-3
9-6
9-10
9-5 9-8
12-9 11-7 9-4
11-2 11-1 10-7
18 11-8 9-3
11-3
12-10 15

9-7

10-7 18
10-2

9-7
10-9 19
9-2
10-10

9-9

9-10
R35Z72MCV05

9 Travel work block 10-7 O-ring 12-1 Body-work 103 Seal

9-1 Body-work 10-8 Cover-pilot 12-2 Spool assy 104 Filter
9-2 Spool assy 10-9 Cover-pilot 12-3 Poppet 105 Spacer
9-3 Poppet 10-10 Bolt-soc head w/washer 12-4 Spring 106 Ring-retaining
9-4 Spring 11 Boom lock valve 12-5 O-ring 107 Spring A-lock valve
9-5 O-ring 11-1 Body-work 12-6 Plug 108 Spring seat
9-6 Plug 11-2 O-ring 12-7 O-ring 109 Pin
9-7 O-ring 11-3 Plug 12-8 Cover-pilot 110 Poppet
9-8 Cover-pilot 11-4 Poppet 12-9 Cover-pilot 111 Ring-retaining
9-9 Cover-pilot 11-5 Spring 12-10 Bolt-soc head w/washer 112 O-ring
9-10 Bolt-soc head w/washer 11-6 Plug 15 Overload relief valve 113 Guide-piston
10 Boom work block 11-7 O-ring 17 O-ring 114 Piston A1
10-1 Body-work 11-8 Plug 18 O-ring 115 Piston B
10-2 Spool assy 11-9 O-ring 19 O-ring 116 O-ring
10-3 Poppet 11-10 O-ring 20 O-ring 117 Connector
10-4 Spring 11-11 Plug 21 O-ring 118 Ball-steel
10-5 O-ring 11-12 O-ring 101 Cover-lock valve 119 Plug
10-6 Plug 12 Bucket work block 102 Lock valve 120 Bolt-hex. socket head

2-12
3. HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT

Pa1 Pb1
A1
DOZER
B1

Pa2 Pb2
BOOM SWING
A2

B2

Pa3 Pb3
A3 T1
SWING B3
P3

Pp1
Dr1 Boom Up

B4
PTO A4

Pa4 Pb4

B5

ARM
A5
Pa5 Pb5

B6
TRAVEL A6

Pa6 Pb6

P2
Dr1
P1

Pa7 Pb7
A7
TRAVEL B7

Pb8
Pa8

B8 Pb8'
BOOM
A9
Dr2
Pb8' T2

Pa10 Pb10

A10
BUCKET
B10

R35Z92MCV02

2-13
4. FUNCTION

1) IN NEUTRAL (when all spools are in neutral position)

P1 : The oil discharged from the hydraulic pump flows into control valve P1 port, and then flows
through P1 and P2 supply body the P1 side travel spool. The oil flows through the bypass
passage in the direction of travel → boom → bucket spool, and then flows from the bypass
passage to the tank passage in the bucket section.
P2 : The oil discharged for the hydraulic pump flows into the control valve from P2 port, and then
flows through P1 and P2 supply body to the P2 side travel spool. The oil flows through the
bypass passage in the direction of travel → arm → PTO spool, and the flows from the bypass
passage to the tank passage in the PTO section.
P3 : The oil discharged from the hydraulic pump flows into the control valve from P3 port, and then
flows through the parallel passage of dozer, boom swing, and swing. The oil that has followed
into the parallel passage flows through the bypass passage in the direction of dozer → Boom
swing → swing spool, the connecting spool land, the P2 side parallel passage, the bypass
passage from arm to PTO spool, the bypass passage in the PTO section, and then to the tank
passage.
※ Since each line (P1, P2, P3) is supplied with oil from the pump, the section is operatable;
therefore, do not operate the control valve except the working time.
·P1 line : Travel, boom, bucket
·P2 line : Travel, arm, PTO
·P3 line : Dozer, boom swing, arm, PTO, boom (up only)
PP1 : When PP1 port is applied with pilot pressure, the oil flows into the travel independent passage
via an orifice.
With the spool in neutral, the oil flows into Dr1 port provided in the P1 and P2 supply body.

2-14
 P3 side bypass passage

P3 side parallel passage

Pp1

T1
T1

P3

P2 side parallel passage

P2 side bypass passage

P2
P2
Dr1
P1 P1
T2

T2

P1 side parallel
passage

P1 side bypass passage

Tank passage

Hydraulic oil flow in neutral

R35Z72MCV11

2-15
2) TRAVEL OPERATION
For the travel operation, both Pa pressurization and Pb pressurization are the same on operation
so that only Pa pressurization is explained as follows.
When left (right) travel reverse is operated, the secondary pressure from the remote control valve is
applied to Pa6 [Pa7] port to change over the travel spool. The oil flowed from P2 [P1] port flows
through the supply body into the P2 [P1] side bypass passage. The oil flowed into the P2 [P1] side
bypass passage flows through A6 [A7] port that has been opened by the spool changeover to the
travel motor. On the other hand, the oil returned from the travel motor flows into the control valve
from B6 [B7] port and then to the tank passage has been opened after the spool changeover.
The oil flowed from PP1 port flows through the orifice passage provided in the P3 supply section
into the travel independent signal passage.
Although the travel independent passage (see page 2-15) in the travel section that has been
opened during neutral is blocked after the both travel spools changeover, the travel independent
signal passage is connected to the drain port via the bucket section Accordingly, when the bucket
section has not changed over, the connecting spool in the P3 supply section does not change over
because the pressure in the travel independent signal passage is equal to the drain pressure.

Travel motor

A6 B6
(A7) (B7)

Pa6
(Pa7)
Spool changeover
direction
Tank passage

Pilot passage for travel independent signal:

Supply pilot pressure oil via Pp1 port in P3
supply comp.

Pa6
P2
P2
P1
P1

Pa7

Operation during travel(Forward)

R35Z72MCV12

2-16
3) BOOM
OOM OPERATION
Boom up operation
When the boom up operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control valve
is applied to Pa8 port to change over the boom spool. Since Pa8 port is connected to boom up port
through the piping, the pressure oil supplied to boom up port changes over the connecting spool
through the connecting piston in the P3 supply section
Also, since the P1 side bypass passage is shut off at the boom section after the boom spool
changeover, the oil flowed from P1 port flows through the check valve provided above the bypass
passage in the travel section into the P1 side parallel passage.
On the other side, after the connecting spool changeover the oil flowed into P3 port.
① Flows through the internal passage in connecting spool and the check valve in the P3 supply
section into the P1 side parallel passage.
② The oil flows through the P3 side parallel passage and P3 side bypass passage and then:
a. Flows through the check valve in the P3 supply section into the P1 side parallel passage.
b. Some oil flows through the orifice passage provided in the connecting spool and the check
valve in the P3 supply section into the P2 side parallel passage.
The oil flowed into the P1 side parallel passage is connected with the oil from P1 pump.
The oil flowed into the P2 side parallel passage flows through the bypass passages in the arm
section and PTO section to the tank passage.
Since the passage connected to the boom lock valve and the bridge passage are opened after the
boom spool changeover, the oil flowed into the P1 side parallel passage flows through the load
check valve in the boom section and the bridge passage into the boom lock valve section
The oil flowed into the boom lock valve section opens the lock valve (free flow condition), flows into
A9 port, and the to the head side of the boom cylinder.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the rod side of the boom cylinder flows into B8 port to the
tank passage that has opened with the spool's notch after the spool changeover. Then, the boom
cylinder extends to raise the boom.

2-17
P1 side circuit

Bridge passage
B8
Oil flows into lock valve comp. and
then out of A9 port through lock valve

Pa8
Spool changeover
direction
parallel passage

P1
T1 Dr1 P1

Boom

Boom lock
valve comp
T2
To bridge passage
in boom comp. To cylinder head side To B8 port
via A9 port via cylinder rod side

P3 side (Connecting side) circuit

To P2 side parallel passage To P1 side parallel passage
P3
Connecting piston

Pa8

Boom up

From P3 side bypass passage From P3 side bypass passage

To P3 side parallel passage
P3 From P3 side bypass passage

P3

To P2 side parallel passage To P1 side parallel passage

Oil flows into P2 side parallel passage and then
out of PTO bypass passage to tank passage

Boom up operation
R35Z72MCV13

2-18
 Boom down operation
When the boom down operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control
valve is applied to Pb8 port to change over the boom spool.
Since Pb8 port is connected to Pb8' port through the piping, the pressure is also applied to pb8'
port (boom lock valve release port) to release the boom lock valve.
(for the explanation of boom lock valve operation, see pages 2-20, 21)
Since the bypass passage is shut off at the boom section after the spool changeover (some oil
flows through the orifice passage provided in the boom spool's bypass passage to the downstream
side of the bypass passage), the oil flowed from P1 port flows through the check valve provided
above the bypass passage in the travel section into the P1 side parallel passage.
Also, since a passage between B8 port and bridge passage is opened with the spool's notch after
the spool changeover, the oil flowed into the P1 side parallel passage flows through the load check
valve in the boom section into B8 port via the bridge passage and then into the rod side of the
boom cylinder.
On the other side, the oil returned from the head side of the boom cylinder flows into A9 port to the
tank passage that has been opened with the spool's notch after the spool changeover through the
boom lock valve that has been released by Pb8' port pressure. Then, the boom cylinder retracts to
lower the boom.

Oil flows from A9 port into

T2 B8
boom comp. via lock valve

Pb8

Spool changeover
direction
Some oil flows to downstream side

P1
T1 Dr1 P1

Boom

Boom lock
valve comp
T2
To bridge passage To A9 port via To cylinder rod side
in boom comp. cylinder head side via B8 port
Pb8'
Lock valve Some oil flows to downstream side
release signal

Boom down operation

R35Z72MCV14

2-19
4) Operation of boom lock valve
(1) Holding
In the boom spool neutral condition,
·The pilot piston chamber (a) is connected to the drain passage through the pilot port (Pb8') for
releasing the boom lock valve.
·The piston chamber (b) is also connected to the drain passage through the drain port (Dr2).
Therefore, the piston (B) maintains the condition shown in the figure.
The boom cylinder holding pressure (shown in half-tone dot meshing) is applied to the lock valve
chamber as shown in the figure to :
·Press the needle valve against the needle valve seat.
·Press the lock valve against the body seat.
Then, oil leakage from the boom cylinder head side is prevented to stop the movement of the
boom cylinder due to leakage.

B8 port
Piston chamber(b) Holding pressure

Body seat
Neddle valve seat

Lock valve
chamber
Pilot piston A9
chamber(a)
Dr2

Pb8'

Piston B Piston A Lock valve

Needle
valve
Force applied to neddle valve
Force applied to lock valve

Operation of boom lock valve (holding)

R35Z72MCV15

2-20
(2) Release
When the pilot pressure is applied to the pilot port (Pb8') for boom lock valve release, the piston
(B) moves rightward to open the needle valve through the piston (A1).
Then, the oil returned from the boom cylinder flows through the passage in the direction of lock
valve's orifice → lock valve chamber → needle valve seat → check valve into the lock valve's
downstream side chamber (boom section).
When the lock valve's downstream chamber is connected to the tank passage after the boom
spool changeover and the needle valve is released, the pressure in the lock valve chamber
decreases to open the lock valve by the oil returned from the boom cylinder. The returned oil flows
into the tank passage with the boom spool's notch to operate the cylinder.

B8 port
Piston chamber(b)

Check valve Body seat

Lock valve
chamber
Pilot piston A9
chamber(a)
Dr2

Pb8'

Piston B Piston A1 Needle

valve Lock valve Orifice
Needle valve seat

Operation of boom lock valve (release)

R35Z72MCV16

2-21
5) BUCKET
UCKET OPERATION
Bucket
ucket in operation
When the bucket in operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control valve
flows into Pb10 port to change over the bucket spool.
Since the P1 side bypass passage is shut off at the bucket section after the bucket spool
changeover, the oil flowed from P1 port flows through the check valve provided above the bypass
passage in the travel section into the P1 side parallel passage.
Also, since a passage between B10 port and the bridge passage is opened after the spool
changeover, the oil flowed into the P1 side parallel passage flows through the load check valve in
the bucket section into B10 port via the bridge passage and then the head side of the bucket
cylinder.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the rod side of the bucket cylinder flows into A10 port to
the tank passage that has opened with the spool's notch after the spool changeover. Then, the
bucket cylinder extends to make the bucket in.

A10 B10

Pb10

Spool changeover
direction
P1 side parallel passage

T1 P1 Dr1 P1

Boom

Boom lock
valve comp
T2

Bucket

To bridge passage To A10 port via To cylinder head side

in bucket comp. cylinder rod side via B10 port

Bucket in operation

R35Z72MCV17

2-22
Bucket
ucket out operation
When the bucket out operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control valve
flows into Pa10 port to change over the bucket spool.
Since the P1 side bypass passage is shut off at the bucket section after the bucket spool
changeover, the oil flowed from P1 port flows through the check valve provided above the bypass
passage in the travel section into the P1 side parallel passage.
Also, since a passage between A10 port and the bridge passage is opened after the spool
changeover, the oil flowed into the P1 side parallel passage flows through the load check valve in
the bucket section into A10 port via the bridge passage and then the head side of the bucket
cylinder.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the head side of the bucket cylinder flows into B10 port to
the tank passage that has opened after the spool changeover.

A10 B10

Pa10

Spool changeover
direction
P1 side parallel passage

T1 P1 Dr1 P1

Boom

Boom lock
valve comp
T2

Bucket

To bridge passage To cylinder rod side To B10 port via

in bucket comp. via A10 port cylinder head side

Bucket out operation

R35Z72MCV18

2-23
6) ARM
RM OPERATION
Arm
rm in operation
When the arm in operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control valve is
applied to Pb5 port to change over the arm spool. The secondary pressure is also applied to the
pilot chamber (arm in port) on the connecting section spring chamber side that has been
connected through the piping. Therefore, when the operation is carried out together with the boom
up operation at the same time, the connecting spool is hard to change over against the pilot
pressure for arm in operation.
Since the P2 port bypass passage is shut off at the arm section after the arm spool change over,
the oil flowed from P2 port flows through the travel section and a passage between travel section
and arm section into the P2 side parallel passage.
Also, since the oil flowed from P3 port flows through the direction of dozer → boom swing → swing
section and then into the P2 side parallel passage via the check valve in the P3 supply section, the
connecting flow of P2 pump and P3 pump is supplied to the P2 side parallel passage. [Although
the P3 side bypass passage is also connected to the P1 side parallel passage through the check
valve in the P3 section, there is no oil flow into the P1 side as long as the P1 side sections (boom ,
bucket) are not operated.]
Since a passage between B5 port and the bridge passage is opened after the spool changeover,
the oil flowed into the P2 side parallel passage flows through the load check valve in the arm
section into B5 port via the bridge passage and then into the head side of the arm cylinder.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the rod side of the arm cylinder flows into A5 port to the
tank passage that has opened with the spool's notch after the spool changeover. Then, the arm
cylinder extends to make the arm in.

A5 B5

Pb5

Spool changeover
direction

P3
P3

Arm in To cylinder head side

via B5 port
Pb5

T1 To bridge passage

PTO
Arm

Travel
To A5 port via
cylinder rod side

P2

P2
T2

Arm in operation R35Z72MCV19

2-24
Arm out operation
When the arm out operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control valve is
applied to Pa5 port to change over the arm spool.
Since the P2 side bypass passage is shut off at the arm section after the arm spool changeover,
the oil flowed from P2 port flows through the travel section and a passage between travel section
and arm section into the P2 side parallel passage.
Also, since the oil flowed from P3 port flows through the direction of dozer → boom swing → swing
section and then into the P2 side parallel passage via the check valve in the P3 supply section, the
connecting flow of P2 pump and P3 pump is supplied to the P2 side parallel passage. [Although
the P3 side bypass passage is also connected to the P1 side parallel passage through the check
valve in the P3 section, there is no oil flow into the P1 side as long as the P1 side sections (boom ,
bucket) are not operated.]
Since a passage between A5 port and the bridge passage is opened after the spool changeover,
the oil flowed into the P2 side parallel passage flows through the load check valve in the arm
section into A5 port via the bridge passage and then into the rod side of the arm cylinder.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the head side of the arm cylinder flows into B5 port to the
tank passage that has opened after the spool changeover. Then, the arm cylinder retracts to make
the arm out.

A5 B5

Pa5
Spool changeover
direction

P3
P3

To cylinder rod
side via A5 port
T1 To bridge
passage
PTO
Arm

Travel

P2 To B5 port via
cylinder head side

P2
T2

Arm out operation

R35Z72MCV20

2-25
7) PTO OPERATION
For the PTO operation, both Pa pressurization and Pb pressurization are the same on operation so
that only Pa pressurization is explained as follows.
When the PTO operation (Pa4 pressurization) is carried out, the secondary pressure from the
remote control valve is applied to Pa4 port to change over the PTO spool. Since the P2 side bypass
passage is shut off at the PTO section after the PTO spool changeover, the oil flowed from P2 port
flows through the travel section and a passage between travel section and arm section into the P2
side parallel passage.
Also, since the oil flowed from P3 port flows through the direction of dozer → boom swing → swing
section and then into the P2 side parallel passage via the check valve in the P3 supply section, the
connecting flow of P2 pump and P3 pump is supplied to the P2 parallel passage.
[Although the P3 side bypass passage is also connected to the P1 side parallel passage through
the check valve in the P3 section, there is no oil flow into the P1 side as long as the P1 side
sections (boom , bucket) are not operated.]
Since a passage between A4 port and the bridge passage is opened after the spool changeover,
the oil flowed into the P2 side parallel passage flows through the load check valve in the PTO
section into A4 port via the bridge passage and then into the actuator for PTO.
On the other hand, the oil returned from actuator for PTO flows into B4 port to the tank passage
that has opened after the spool changeover.

A4 B4

Pa4
Spool changeover
direction

P3
P3
To bridge passage
in PTO comp.

To actuator
T1 via A4 port
PTO

Arm

Travel

To B4 port via
P2 actuator

P2
T2

PTO operation R35Z72MCV21

2-26
 8) DOZER
OZER OPERATION
Dozer
ozer up operation
When the dozer up operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control valve
is applied to Pa1 port to change over the dozer spool.
Since the P3 side bypass passage is shut off at the dozer section after the dozer spool
changeover, the oil flowed from P3 port through the P3 side parallel passage flows into A1 port
through the load check valve in the dozer section and the bridge passage since A1 port and the
bridge passage have been opened after the spool changeover and then into the rod side of the
dozer cylinder.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the head side of the dozer cylinder flows into B1 port to the
tank passage that has opened after the spool changeover.
Then, the dozer cylinder retracts to raise the dozer.

A1 B1

Pa1

Spool changeover
direction

To cylinder rod To B1 port via

Cylinder head side
To bridge passage side via A1 port
in dozer comp.

Dozer

Boom swing

Swing

P3
P3

Supply
(connecting)
T1

Dozer up operation

R35Z72MCV22

2-27
 Dozer
ozer down operation
When the dozer down operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control
valve is applied to Pb1 port to change over the dozer spool.
Since the P3 side bypass passage is shut off at the dozer section after the dozer spool
changeover, the oil flowed from P3 port through the P3 side parallel passage flows into B1 port
through the load check valve in the dozer section and the bridge passage since B1 port and the
bridge passage have been opened after the spool changeover and then into the head side of the
dozer cylinder.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the rod side of the dozer cylinder flows into A1 port to the
tank passage that has opened with the spool's notch after the spool changeover.
Then, the dozer cylinder extends to lower the dozer.

A1 B1

Pb1

Spool changeover
direction

To A1 port via
To bridge passage To cylinder head
Cylinder rod side
in dozer comp. side via B1 port

Dozer

Boom swing

Swing

P3
P3
Supply
(connecting)
T1

Dozer down operation

R35Z72MCV23

2-28
 9) BOOM
OOM SWING OPERATION
Boom
oom left swing operation
When the boom left swing operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control
valve is applied to Pb2 port to change over the boom swing spool.
Since the P3 side bypass passage is shut off at the boom swing section after the boom swing
spool changeover, the oil flowed from P3 port through the P3 side parallel passage flows into B2
port through the load check valve in the boom swing section and the bridge passage since B2 port
and the bridge passage have been opened after the spool changeover and then into the rod side of
the boom swing cylinder.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the head side of the boom swing cylinder flows into A2
port to the tank passage that has opened with the spool's notch after the spool changeover.
Then, the boom swing cylinder retracts to swing the attachment left.

A2 B2

Pb2

Spool changeover
direction

To A2 port via To cylinder rod

Cylinder head side side via B2 port
To bridge passage
in boom swing comp.
Dozer

Boom swing

Swing

P3 P3

Supply
(connecting)

T1

Boom left swing operation

R35Z72MCV24

2-29
Boom
oom right swing operation
When the boom right swing operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote
control valve is applied to Pa2 port to change over the boom swing spool.
Since the P3 side bypass passage is shut off at the boom swing section after the boom swing
spool changeover, the oil flowed from P3 port through the P3 side parallel passage flows into A2
port through the load check valve in the boom swing section and the bridge passage since A2 port
and the bridge passage have been opened after the spool changeover and then into the head side
of the boom swing cylinder.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the rod side of the boom swing cylinder flows into B2 port
to the tank passage that has opened with the spool's notch after the spool changeover.
Then, the boom swing cylinder extends to swing the attachment right.

A2 B2

Pa2
Spool changeover
direction

To cylinder head To B2 port via

side via A2 port Cylinder rod side
To bridge passage
in boom swing comp.
Dozer

Boom swing

Swing

P3 P3

Supply
(connecting)
T1

Boom right swing operation

R35Z72MCV25

2-30
(10) SWING OPERATION
For the swing operation, both Pa pressurization and Pb pressurization are the same on operation
so that only Pa pressurization is explained as follows.
When the right swing operation is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control
valve is applied to Pa3 port to change over the swing spool.
Since the P3 side bypass passage is shut off at the swing section after the swing spool
changeover, the oil flowed from P3 port through the P3 side parallel passage flows into A3 port
through the load check valve in the swing section and the bridge passage since A3 port and the
bridge passage have been opened after the spool changeover and then into the swing motor.
On the other hand, the oil returned from the swing motor flows into B3 port to the tank passage that
has opened with the spool's notch after the spool changeover.
Then, the upper swing body swings right.

A3 B3

Pa3

Spool changeover
direction

To swing motor To B3 port via

via A3 port swing motor

Dozer
To bridge passage
in swing comp.
Boom swing

Swing
P3
P3

Supply
(connecting)

T1

Right swing operation

R35Z72MCV26

2-31
(11) COMBINED CONTROL OPERATION ①
Boom up + Arm in + bucket
When the above combined control is carried out, the secondary pressure from the remote control
valve is applied to each spool to change over them. Since the secondary pressure for arm in
operation is also applied to the pilot chamber on the connecting section spring chamber side
according to the piping, the connecting spool operates against the secondary pressure developed
from boom up operation and arm in operation.
(boom up operation secondary pressure - Arm in operation secondary pressure =
connecting spool changeover pressure)
When all the above combined operations are carried out in full lever operation (full changeover), the
oil supplied from P1 pump is supplied to the boom and bucket and the oil from P2 pump to the arm.
Since the connecting spool changeover pressure becomes "0" as mentioned above, the
connecting spool cannot change over and the oil from P3 pump flows to the P1 and P2 side
parallel passages through the connecting section. Accordingly, much oil flows to the arm side
normally because of its low working load.
In this condition, since gradually restricting the arm in operation (returning the lever) causes the
secondary pressure for arm in operation to decrease, the connecting spool changeover pressure to
increase, the connecting spool to start changing over, and the passage to the arm side to be
narrowed, the oil supplied from P3 pump flows abundantly into the P1 side (boom, bucket).
As mentioned above, the oil supplied from P3 pump flows suitably into each attachment according
to the control input during the above combined control, resulting in a well-balanced and efficient
working speed.
Besides, since the oil flow to the bucket whose working load is less than the boom is restricted with
an orifice (the orifice of boom priority) provided before the bucket section in the P1 side parallel
passage, much oil flows into the boom section. As a result, the working speed balance between
both attachments is maintained during the combined operation of boom and bucket.

2-32
P3 side (connecting side) circuit
To P2 side parallel passage
To P1 side parallel passage
P3
T1

Arm in Boom up

From P3 side bypass passage

To P3 side parallel passage

From P3 side bypass passage
P3

To P2 side parallel passage Oil flows into P2 side parallel passage and To P1 side parallel passage
out of the tank passage through the bypass
passage in PTO comp.

P1 side circuit (the orifice of boom priority)

P1
T1
P1

From P3
connecting
comp. To bridge passage
in boom comp.

T2

The orifice of boom priority

To cylinder rod side via A10 port To B10 port
through bridge passage in bucket comp. via cylinder head side

Oil flow during combined operation

R35Z72MCV27

2-33
(12) COMBINED CONTROL OPERATION ②
Both travels + bucket
When the both travels operation is carried out together with the bucket operation at the same time,
the oil flowed from Pp1 port flows through the orifice passage and into the travel independent
signal passage; both travels and the bucket spool changeover make a passage to the drain port
shut off.
Then, the travel independent passage becomes the same pressure as Pp1 port pressure (pilot
primary pressure).
When the travel independent passage becomes Pp1 pressure, the Pp1 pressure is applied to the
connecting spool to change over the connecting spool.
Since the bypass passage from P3 to P2 side, which is a passage to the tank, in restricted, the oil
from P3 side flows into the P1 side parallel passage that is connected through a check valve.
With his circuit arrangement, the bucket section is supplied with pressure oil from P3 during both
travels operation, the simultaneous operation becomes possible.
Besides, since each of P1 and P2 is used independently during both travels and only P3 is used for
bucket operation, stable travel is possible to continue even if there is change in the bucket load.

To P1 side parallel passage

P3
To P1 side parallel passage

T1

P3 Pp1

To travel motor

P2 P2

Dr1 P1
P1

To travel motor

Boom lock
valve comp.
T2
Bucket

Oil flows from P1 side parallel passage, through the bridge passage
in the bucket comp., and in to the cylinder rod side via A10 port.

Travel independence operation

R35Z72MCV28

2-34
(13) MAIN AND PORT RELIEF VALVE OPERATION
Main relief valve operation
Main relief valves (MRV) are different in the uses for P1/P2 and P3; however, their structures and
operation are the same.
① Pressure oil flows through the inside of the piston built in the pressure regulating valve (poppet-
main V') and the orifice B and then into the internal chamber A until it is filled up. The filled up
pressure causes both of the pressure regulating valve and the socket and body seat to be seated
securely.
Regulating valve spring
Socket Orifice B Piston (Spring-pilot)
Tank passage

Body seat
Pressure regulating Chamber A Regulating valve
(Poppet-main V') (poppet-pilot)

MRV operation (1) R35Z72MCV29

② When the oil pressure at port P increases up to the setting pressure of regulating valve spring,
the pressure oil is applied to the regulating valve via the piston to open the regulating valve. Then,
the pressure oil flows through a passage in the direction of piston inside → orifice B → chamber
A → circular orifice C → Drill hole D and the external of socket and then into the tank passage.

Circular orifice C Drill hole D

MRV operation (2) R35Z72MCV30

③ Since the pressure inside the chamber A decreases when the regulating valve is opened, which
causes the pressure regulating valve to open to let the pressure oil port P flows into the tank
passage through drill hole E.

Drill hole E

R35Z72MCV31
MRV operation (3)

④ Also, since the regulating valve is pressed to the seat by regulating valve spring when the
pressure at port P decreases below the setting pressure of regulating valve spring, the pressure
inside chamber A becomes the same as the pressure at port P to cause the pressure regulating
valve to be pressed to the seat, resulting in the original condition (①).

2-35
Overload relief valve (ORV) operation ①
① Pressure oil flows through the inside of the piston built in the pressure regulating valve (poppet-
main V') and the orifice B and then into the internal chamber A until it is filled up. The filled up
pressure causes both of the pressure regulating valve and socket and body seat to be seated
securely.
Regulating valve spring
Socket Orifice B Piston (Spring-pilot)
Tank passage

Body seat
Pressure regulating Chamber A Regulating valve
(Poppet-main V') (poppet-pilot)

ORV operation (1) R35Z72MCV32

② When the oil pressure at port P increases up to the setting pressure of regulating valve spring,
the pressure oil is applied to the regulating valve via the piston to open the regulating valve. Then,
the pressure oil flows through a passage in the direction of piston inside → orifice B → chamber
A → circular orifice C → Drill hole D and the external of socket and then into the tank passage.

Circular orifice C Drill hole D

ORV operation (2) R35Z72MCV33

③ Since the pressure inside the chamber A decreases when the regulating valve is opened, which
causes the pressure regulating valve to open to let the pressure oil port P flows into the tank
passage through drill hole E.

Drill hole E

ORV operation (3) R35Z72MCV34

④ Also, since the regulating valve is pressed to the seat by regulating valve spring when the
pressure at port P decreases below the setting pressure of regulating valve spring, the pressure
inside chamber A becomes the same as the pressure at port P to cause the pressure regulating
valve to be pressed to the seat, resulting in the original condition (①).

2-36
Overload relief valve (ORV) operation ②【 ②【operation
operation during suction】
suction
If there is negative pressure at port P (or the tank passage pressure is higher than P pressure),
the socket is applied with press and open force. Then, the opening between body seat and
socket increases to cause the oil to flow into port P from the tank passage, filling up the space.

Tank passage

Body seat Socket

ORV operation (during suction) R35Z72MCV35

2-37
GROUP 3 SWING DEVICE

1. STRUCTURE
Swing device consists swing motor and swing reduction gear.
1) SWING MOTOR
Swing motor include mechanical parking valve, relief valve, make up valve and time delay valve.

Name plate Output shaft

PB

Relief valve

Check valve

B Mu A

Reduction gear

GA

Mu

GB

DB
B

R35Z72SM01

Port Port name Port size

PB DB
A Main port PF 3/8
B Main port PF 3/8
DB Drain port PF 3/8
Mu Make up port PF 3/8
PB Brake release port PF 1/4
GA,GB Gage port PF 1/8
GB A Mu B GA
Hydraulic circuit

2-38
2) COMPONENTS
OMPONENTS

2-13 2-25 2-11 2-3 2-12 2-4 2-2 1-37 1-22 1-21 1-19 1-20 1-18 1-14 1-13 1-11 1-12
1-10
2-5
1-35
2-23 1-36

2-24 1-1
2-6
2-7 1-16
2-45
2-22
1-8
2-8
2-46
2-9 1-4

2-38 1-53 2-10

2-18 1-2
2-19
2-15
1-3
2-27
2-38

2-41 1-5
2-21
2-26

2-39 2-40 2-42 2-43 2-44 2-20 2-17 2-28 2-16 2-14 2-1 1-23 1-24 1-15 1-17 1-9 1-7 1-6

R35Z92SM12

1 Gear box 1-11 Thrust washer 1-22 Planetary gear 2-5 Cylinder block 2-16 O-ring 2-27 Socket head bolt
1-1 Housing 1-12 Inner race 1-23 Thrust plate 2-6 Collar 2-17 O-ring 2-28 Orifice
1-2 Pinion shaft 1-13 Needle bearing 1-24 Drive gear 2-7 Spring 2-18 Spring seat 2-38 Relief valve assy
1-3 Plate 1-14 Planetary gear B 1-35 Plug 2-8 Washer 2-19 Spring 2-39 Check valve
1-4 Collar 1-15 Thrust plate 1-36 O-ring 2-9 Ring-snap 2-20 O-ring 2-40 Spring
1-5 Tapper roller bearing 1-16 Screw 1-37 O-ring 2-10 Pin 2-21 Cover 2-41 Plug
1-6 Oil seal 1-17 Sun gear B 1-53 Socket bolt 2-11 Retainer holder 2-22 Ball bearing 2-42 O-ring
1-7 Tapper roller bearing 1-18 Holder 2 Axial piston motor 2-12 Retainer plate 2-23 Pin 2-43 Plug
1-8 Plate 1-19 Thrust washer 2-1 Case 2-13 Piston assy 2-24 Valve plate 2-44 O-ring
1-9 Collar 1-20 Inner race 2-2 Ball bearing 2-14 Disc 2-25 Pin 2-45 Plug
1-10 Holder 1-21 Needle bearing 2-3 Shaft 2-15 Brake piston 2-26 O-ring 2-46 O-ring
2-4 Thrust plate

2-39
2. DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTION AND OPERATION
1) SWASH
WASH PLATE MOTOR
The cylinder block incorporates nine pistons. The end face of the cylinder block is in contact with
the valve plate having two woodruff ports B and C (distributing valve to change over between high
and low pressure).

Principle of generation torque

When high pressure oil (pressure P) is introduced to the B port, the inclined surface is pushed by a
force of "F = P×A, A : Piston sectional area" per piston and the piston receives a reaction force
from the inclined surface. The piston that is restricted in the moving direction by the cylinder block
due to the reaction force generates a rotating force. The total of rotating force by the reaction force
of the high pressure side pistons works on the cylinder block. The generated rotating force is
transmitted as a torque to the shaft via the spline to turn the shaft.
On the other hand, if the high pressure oil is introduced to the C port, the opposite rotation is
caused.
The output torque and the revolution are calculated as follows :
· Output torque (T)
P×D×i×ηm×ηG
T=
2×Л×100

· Revolution (N)
X
Q×1000×ηv
N=
D×i

D : Displacement (cm3/rev)
P : Effective drive pressure (MPa)
Q : Inflow (L /min) X
ηm : Mechanical efficiency (motor) (%×10-2)
ηv : Volumetric efficiency (motor) (%×10-2)
i : Speed ratio of reduction gear
ηG : Efficiency of reduction gear (%×10-2)

High pressure oil "B" Low pressure oil "C"

View X-X of valve plate(Outline)

R35Z72SM02

2-40
2) PARKING BRAKE
The parking brake is of wet type multi-plate construction of hydraulic release type and has a shaft
lock mechanism that changes between ON and OFF of the brake by external signal pressures.
① Parking brake ON
When the hydraulic pressure for brake release is shut, the disc coupled to the periphery of the
cylinder block via the spline is pushed by the spring force against the brake piston (pinned to the
case so that it will not rotate) and the cylinder block and the case secured by the frictional force.
Thus the shaft is locked.
② Parking brake OFF
When the brake release pressure is introduced to the brake cylinder chamber (C) via the "PB"
port, the brake piston is operated by the release pressure in opposition to the spring force to
eliminate the force of friction with the disc, thus allowing the shaft to rotate freely.

Cylinder block

Disc plate

Brake piston Brake cylinder chamber "C"

"PB" (Brake releasing pressure) OFF "PB" (Brake releasing pressure) ON

R35Z72SM03 R35Z72SM04

2-41
3) RELIEF VALVE
The relief valves determine the drive force and the brake force for hydraulic shovel swing and are
installed in the main port A and B lines. The circuit is configured to return the relief valve return oil
to the counterpart main low pressure line.
A shockless function is also incorporated to reduce shock produced at the start of both
acceleration and deceleration.
(1) Construction of the relief valve
① A direct-acting differential area type relief valve
② A shockless piston
The installation of a shockless type relief valve helps reduce shock and stress produced in the
strength members.

Direct-acting differential area type relief valve

Shockless piston

R35Z72SM05
Pressure

Pressure

Time Time
Conventional type Shocklessl type

Comparison of pressure wave forms

R35Z72SM08

2-42
 (2) Relief valve operation
① First stage
At the start of operation, the shockless piston moves to maintain the spring chamber at a low
pressure. Thus, the pressure receiving area of the poppet becomes the poppet seat area (S1), a
considerably larger area than the pressure receiving area (S1-S2) at the specified relief setting.
For this reason, the relief operating pressure is kept at a low pressure until the shockless piston
completes its movement.
The low pressure holding time depends on the poppet orifice diameter, the free piston pressure
receiving area and the free piston stroke.

Shockless piston

S1 S2
R35Z72SM06

② Second stage
When the shockless piston completes its movement, the pressure inside the spring chamber
increases to make the pressures before and after the poppet equal. Then the relief valve operates
at the specified set pressure.

Poppet Shockless piston

R35Z72SM07

2-43
4) MAKE-UP VALVE
The make-up valve has the following two functions.
One is to prevent cavitation produced by overrun of the piston motor in order to prevent the overrun
of the upper body. When the motor is turned by the inertia of the upper body to cause the pumping
action, which then causes the motor revolution to rise above the revolution equivalent to the
amount of oil supplied to the motor, the amount of oil equivalent to the shortage is supplied to the
motor main circuit via the make-up valve from outside to prevent occurrence of vacuum inside the
circuit.
The other is a function to add the amount of motor drain and valve leak via the make-up valve to
prevent vacuum inside the circuit to provide the braking capability in the normal circuit status when
a closed circuit is formed between the control valve and the motor as when braking.

Make-up valve

R35Z72SM09

2-44
5) REDUCTION GEAR (planetary two-stage)
Refer to the cross section.
The motor shaft (1) is coupled to the drive gear (2) via a spline. The drive force of the hydraulic
motor is transmitted from the drive gear (2) to the engaged planetary gear (3). The planetary gear
(3) is meshed with the ring gear of the reduction gear housing (4). Thus, while rotating, it revolves
around the ring gear. The planetary gear (3) is held by the holder (5) via the bearing and the holder
transmits the revolving motion of the planetary gear (3) to the sun gear (6) coupled via the spline.
The sun gear (6) meshes with the planetary gear (7) and as with the first stage, transmits the
rotary motion to the planetary gear (7). Since the planetary gear (7) is meshed with the ring gear
of the housing (4), it revolves while rotating. Since the planetary gear (7) is held by the holder (8)
via the bearing, the holder (8) transmits the revolving motion of the planetary gear (7) to the pinion
shaft (9) coupled via the spline.

1
2
3
4

5
6

7
8
9

R35Z72SM10

2-45
GROUP 4 TRAVEL DEVICE

1. CONSTRUCTION
Travel device consists travel motor and gear box.
Travel motor includes counterbalance valve, parking brake and high/low speed changeover
mechanism.

Ps a1 P1 T1 Reduction gear Oil fill port(PT 3/8)

P1

P2

Oil check port(PT 3/8)

a2 P2 T2
Oil drain port(PT 3/8)

R/G
R35Z72TM20

Ps Port Port name Port size

P1 Main port PF 1/2
a1 a2
P2 Main port PF 1/2
a1,a2 Gauge port PF 1/8
T1,T2 Drain port PF 3/8
Ps 2 speed control port 9/16-18 UNF

P2 P1 T1 T2
Hydraulic circuit

2-46
 1) STRUCTURE (1/3)

Counterbalance valve Swash plate type axial piston motor

Reduction gear

Parking brake mechanism 1st/2nd speed change mechanism

R35Z72TM02

The travel motor is integrated with swash plate type axial piston motor, counterbalance valve, 2 speed
change mechanism, parking brake, anti-cavitation valve and reduction gear unit.

2-47
2) STRUCTURE

R35Z72TM01

1 Gear box 1-17 Holder 5 Swash plate 27 Ball bearing 43 Plug 52 Drive screw
1-1 Flange holder 1-18 Planetary gear (A) 6 Steel ball 28 O-ring 44 O-ring 55 Plug
1-2 Floating seal 1-19 Needle bearing 7 Cylinder block 29 O-ring 45 Plug 57 O-ring
1-3 Angular bearing 1-20 Inner race 8 Color 30 Base plate 46 Plug 58 Plug
1-4 Ring nut 1-21 Spring pin 9 Spring 31 Plunger assy 47 Orifice 59 Plug
1-5 Plug 1-22 Drive gear 10 Washer 31-1 Plunger 48 Socket head bolt 61 Disc
1-6 Housing 1-23 Thrust plate (T = 1.8) 11 Snap ring 31-2 Check valve 49 Pin 65 O-ring
1-7 Steel ball 1-23 Thrust plate (T = 2.3) 12 Pin 31-3 Spring 50 Valve assy 66 O-ring
1-8 Plug 1-23 Thrust plate (T = 2.8) 13 Holder 31-4 Plug 50-1 Valve body 68 Backup ring
1-9 Planetary gear B 1-24 Cover 14 Retainer plate 31-5 O-ring 50-2 Spool 69 Backup ring
1-10 Needle bearing 1-25 O-ring 15 Piston assy 36 Spring seat 50-3 Spring 71 Spring
1-11 Collar 1-26 Wire 17 Brake piston 37 Spring 50-4 Spring seat 73 Plug
1-12 Thrust washer 1-27 Plug 19 Piston assy 38 Cap 50-5 Plug 74 O-ring
1-13 Thrust plate 1-28 Plug 20 Spring 39 O-ring 50-6 O-ring
1-14 Screw 2 Shaft sub assy 21 Spring 40 Orifice 50-7 O-ring
1-15 Sun gear 3 Ball bearing 25 Valve plate 41 Spool 50-8 Socket head bolt
1-16 Snap ring 4 Oil seal 26 Pin 42 Spring 51 Name plate

2-48
2. FUNCTION
1) HYDRAULIC MOTOR

Shaft(2)
Swash plate(5)

Piston sub assy(14)

Cylinder block(7)

Valve plate(21)

Port B

Port C

R35Z72TM03

Nine piston assemblies (14) are assembled in cylinder block (7). The end face of cylinder block (7)
is in contact with valve plate (21) having two crescent shaped ports, B and C (high and low
pressure ports).
When supplying pressure fluid (pressure P) to B port, swash plate (5) is pushed by the force of
piston sub assemblies having F = P · A (A : piston pressure area). Piston assemblies receive the
reaction force against it, and produce the reaction force (Ft) in rotating direction. The total force of
high pressure side piston assemblies in rotating direction produces a rotating force in the cylinder
block, and the torque is transmitted to shaft (2) through the spline resulting in the rotation of the
shaft.
According to the above working principle, the output torque and rotating speed of the piston motor
are determined by supply pressure (P) and flow rate (Q), and are calculated by the following
equation.

T : Output torque [N · m]
T = P×D×ηm N : Speed of rotation [rpm]
2*Л
P : Working pressure [MPa]
3 Q : Flow rate [L/min]
N = Q×10 ×ηv
D : Theoretical displacement [cm3/rev]
D
ηm : Mechanical efficiency
ηv : Volumetric efficiency

2-49
2) COUNTERBALANCE VALVE

Spring L(37) Spring R(37)

Orifice L(40) Orifice R(40)

Control valve
P1 P2

Spring L(31-3) Spring R(31-3)

M1 M2
Check valve L(31-2) Check valve R(31-2)
Motor
Plunger(31-1) Plunger notch portion

R35Z72TM04

The counterbalance valve is provided to stop the axial piston motor and to prevent overrun. When
the control valve is set to the neutral position, there is no pressure in the ports P1 and P2, and
ports M1 and M2 are blocked by plunger (31-1) and check valve (31-2), consequently the motor
does not start rotating.

2-50
(1) Counterbalance
ounterbalance valve work

Spring L(37) Spring R(37)

Orifice L(40) Orifice R(40)

Control valve
P1 P2

Spring L(31-3) Spring R(31-3)

M1 M2

Check valve L(31-2) Check valve R(31-2)

Motor
Plunger(31-1) Plunger notch portion

R35Z72TM05

When the fluid is supplied from pump to counterbalance valve port P1 through control valve, the
fluid flows into piston motor through check valve L (31-2), and rotate the piston motor.
On the other hand, the return fluid from the piston motor flows into the counterbalance valve
through port M2, but the fluid is interrupted by check valve R (31-2), and consequently the pump
delivery pressure will increase.
The high pressure oil at port P1 passes through orifice L (40), pushes the end of face of plunger
(31-1) and pushes the plunger rightward against spring R (37) on the opposite side with the force
proportional to the pressure.
When the hydraulic pressure rises to a certain pressure, plunger (31-1) starts moving rightward,
and the fluid in port M2 passes through the notch machined outer circular of plunger (31-1) and
flows into the port P2, producing a back pressure on the port M2, finally returning into the tank
through a control valve.
And when the pump delivery pressure rises, the throttling aperture of notch in plunger (31-1)
becomes larger, and consequently the back pressure of the port M2 becomes lower.
This way, the throttling aperture of the notch in plunger (31-1) automatically adjusts the area of a
return side passage in order to rotate the piston motor with the appropriate speed for port P1 side
flow rate (inlet flow).

2-51
(2) Brake work

Spring L(37) Spring R(37)

Orifice L(40) Orifice R(40)

Control valve
P1 P2

Spring L(31-3) Spring R(31-3)

M1 M2

Check valve L(31-2) Check valve R(31-2)

Motor
Plunger(31-1) Plunger notch portion

R35Z72TM06

Then, when the control valve returns to the neutral position, the pressurized oil from the pump is
shut off and the pressures of the ports P1 and P2 become equal. Plunger (31-1) tries to be
returned to neutral position by force of spring R (37). When plunger (31-1) moves, the throttle
opening of plunger becomes small.
Piston motor tries to rotate with inertia energy (pumping action of motor) and the pressure rises on
port M2.
With the movement of plunger (31-1), the oil of spring L room flows out through orifice L (40) and
control the speed of plunger (31-1), By this movement, the shock pressure due to the inertia
energy on the port M2 is absorbed, simultaneously preventing the cavitation on the port M1.

2-52
3) TWO SPEED CHANGE MECHANISM
(1) When running at 1st speed (low speed)
Swash plate (5) has three faces, from "a" to "c", as shown below in the figure and installed in the
flange holder that is piston motor housing with two steel balls (6) in the condition where it can be
tilted.
When the control valve is set to the 1st speed position, spool (41) is placed in the position shown
below in the figure by the force of spring (42), and the passage of swash plate control piston (19)
passes across the Pi1 and Pi2 port positions and led to the tank port. Therefore, the force pushing
up the swash plate control piston (19).
Fp = (Ap × P) = 0 Fp : Swash plate control piston thrust
Ap : Swash plate control piston pressure receiving area
P : Pressure
When steel ball (6) is placed on the tilting center, the balance of moment acting on swash plate
(5) is in the condition of (∑F + Fs1) × L1 > (Fp + Fs2) × Lo depending on the total ∑F of driving
force of piston sub assy (15) and the force of spring (9) Fs1 and Fs2, then swash plate (5) stables
at the face a and the swash plate angel is α, and consequently the motor speed corresponding
to the 1st speed, low speed, is obtained.
(∑F
F + Fs1) × L1 > (Fp + Fs2) × Lo

Spool(41)

M1 M2 Spring(42)

Pi1 Pi2

Face c
Piston
Valve plate(25)
sub assy(15) Face b

Steel ball(6)

F + Fs1 L1
L0
Fp + Fs2

Spring(9) Spring(20) Low pressure

Port C(Low pressure) Swash plate control piston(19)
Port B(High pressure) Swash plate(5) Face a

At 1st speed(low speed)

R35Z72TM08

2-53
(2) When running at 2nd speed (high speed)
When control valve is set to the 2nd speed position, the pressure oil delivered by the pump is led
to spool (41) and spool (41) is switched to the position shown below in the figure. And the
pressurized oil flows into each ports Pi1 and Pi2 through ports M1 and M2 and the motor driving
pressure (P1 : high pressure and P2 : low pressure) is led to each swash plate control piston (19).
Therefore the force pushing up the swash plate acts on swash plate control piston (19).
Fp1 = Ap × P1 Fp2 = Ap × P2
When steel ball (6) is placed on the tilting center, the balance of moment acting on swash plate
(5) is in the condition of (∑F+Fs1) × L1 < (Fp+Fs2) × Lo depending on the total ∑F of driving force
of piston sub assy (15).
The face "b" of swash plate (5) stabilizes and the swash plate angle become β, consequently the
motor speed is the 2nd speed (high speed).
While the engine is stopped, spool (41) is returned to the 1st speed position by the force of spring
(9) since pressurized oil does not flow. When steel ball (6) is placed on the tilting center, the
balance of moment acting on swash plate (5) is in the condition of Fs × L1 > Fp × Lo, the face "a"
of swash plate (5) stabilizes and the swash plate angle become α, consequently the motor
speed at starting is always the 1st speed.

Spool(41)
M1 M2 Spring(42)

Pi1 Pi2

Piston Face c
Valve plate(25) sub assy(15) Face b
Steel ball(6)

F + Fs1 L1
L0
Fp + Fs2

Spring(9) Spring(20) Low pressure

Port C(Low pressure)
Swash plate control piston(19)
Port B(High pressure) Swash plate(5) Face a

At 2nd speed(high speed)

R35Z72TM21

2-54
4) AUTO TWO SPEED CHANGE MECHANISM
Auto two speed control mechanism consists of two spools and spring. This valve automatically
changes motor displacement in portion to motor pressure. This valve works while the pilot port Ps
is pressurized.
(1) Motor pressure is low
The motor displacement is small (high speed displacement) as shown in the figure.
When the two speed spool is on the right position, motor pressure PM1 and PM2 are connected
to each side of chamber of two speed piston. So swash plate is moved to high speed position by
two speed piston and motor displacement is kept on high speed position.
Pilot pressure is applied on the area Ap when Ps port is pressurized. Then the pressure of Ps
pushes the spool to the right direction on the figure. At the same time, motor inlet pressure is
applied on the area Am. So, the spool is also applied to the left direction by Am pressure.
According to above, if the motor pressure is lower and keep the following condition, the spool stay
on the right position.
Ps × Dp > Am × Pin + Kx
Kx : the force of spring
Motor pressure is low : (Ap × Ps) > (Am × Pin + Kx)

Am :Motor inlet pressure

PM2 :Motor pressure
Pin :Inlet pressure
PM1 :Motor pressure
Ap : Pilot pressure area

Ps : Pilot pressure

High speed position

To chamber of
two speed piston

Automatic two speed (Motor pressure is low)

R35Z72TM11

2-55
(2) Motor pressure is high
The motor displacement is large (low speed displacement) as shown in the figure.
The two speed spool is on the left position if Pin pressure is high. Then, PM1 and PM2 are
shutted by the spool. If the motor pressure is higher and keep the following condition, the spool
stay on the left position.
Ps × Dp > Am × Pin + Kx
Motor pressure is high : (Ap × Ps) < (Am × Pin + Kx)

Am :Motor inlet pressure

PM2 :Motor pressure

Pin :Inlet pressure
PM1 :Motor pressure
Ap : Pilot pressure area

Ps : Pilot pressure

Low speed position

To chamber of
two speed piston

Automatic two speed (Motor pressure is high)

R35Z72TM09

2-56
5) ANTI CAVITATION VALVE (with parking brake)
Anti cavitation valve is always working with counterbalance valve.
This system consists of oil passage "A", "B", "C" and spool in addition to traditional counterbalance
valve.

Counterbalance valve spool

Distriction "C"
Distriction "B" Oil passage "A"

Control valve
P1 P2

Spool
M1 M2

Motor

Oil passage "B" Oil passage "C"

Anti cavitation valve system

R35Z72TM12

Counterbalance valve spool

M1 M2
Passage "A"

Spool

P1 P2

Passage "B" Passage "C"

Hydraulic circuit R35Z72TM17

2-57
(1) From stopping to starting (high speed)
Counterbalance valve spool is moved to right position by the force of spring when port P1 is
pressurized. According as the movement of spool, P1 connects to M1 and M2 connects to P2.
Consequently the motor work. At the same time, oil passage A is selected high pressure,
however, there is no oil flow to oil passage C because of the movement of spool.

Counter balance valve spool

Distriction "C"
Oil passage "A"
Distriction "B"
Inlet Outlet
(High pressure) (Low pressure)

Oil passage "B" Spool Oil passage "C"

(High pressure) M1 M2(Low pressure)

Motor

R35Z72TM13

2-58
(2) Continuous rotating
In case of continuous rotating, the oil passage A is also selected high pressure, however, there is
no oil flow to oil passage C. So, anti cavitation valve has no influence during motor operation.

Counterbalance valve spool

Distriction "C"
Distriction "B" Oil passage "A"
Inlet Outlet
(High pressure) (Low pressure)
P1 P2

Oil passage "B" Spool Oil passage "C"

(High pressure) M1 M2(Low pressure)

Motor

R35Z72TM14

2-59
(3) From continuous rotating to deceleration
At deceleration, the motor is still rotated by inertia. The oil flows M2 port to P2 port during
counterbalance valve is opened. Then, if the flow to P1 is not enough, the cavitation could be
appeared in P1-M1 line.
Anti cavitation valve can make a oil passage like M2 → C → spool → A → P1 → M1 and supply
flow before counterbalance valve spool is returned. Consequently the cavitation is reduced by the
above function.

Counterbalance valve spool

Distriction "C"
Distriction "B" Oil passage "A"

Inlet Outlet

P1 P2

Oil passage "B" Spool Oil passage "C"

(Low pressure) M1 M2(High pressure)

Motor

R35Z72TM15

2-60
(4) From deceleration to stopping
Anti cavitation valve works until oil passage from A to P1 is shut.

Shitting position from "A" to "P1"

Counterbalance valve spool

Distriction "C"
Oil passage "A"
Distriction "B"
Inlet Outlet

P1 P2

Oil passage "B" Spool Oil passage "C"

(Low pressure) M1 M2(High pressure)

Motor

R35Z72TM16

2-61
6) PARKING BRAKE

Cylinder block

Spline
Disk
Brake piston

Spring Brake piston chamber

R35Z72TM18

The parking brake is a kind of negative brake which consist of disk, brake piston and spring.
The cylinder block and disk are combined with a spline, and friction material is bonded on both
sides of disk. The disk generates frictional force between the flange holder and the brake piston
by the force of spring and restricts the rotating force of the motor, achieving the best performance
of the parking brake.
When the pressurized oil flows into the motor, the plunger moves and the parking brake release
port is opened. After the oil flows into brake piston chamber, the thrust F is generated,
corresponding to the pressure receiving surface of brake piston and the thrust F becomes larger
than the force of spring F, consequently the brake piston moves toward right.
Then, the disk rotates freely between the flange holder and brake piston, and parking brake is
released.
When the motor is stopped, the plunger returns to the neutral position and the parking brake
release port is closed. Consequently the pressurized oil in brake piston chamber flows into motor
case, the parking brake acts by the force of spring.

2-62
7) REDUCTION UNIT
The reduction unit consists of double stage planetary gear mechanism.

[3] [2]

[1]

Z2

Z4

Z1
Z5

Z6 Z3

[6]
[4]
[5]
R35Z72TM19

Drive gear[1] is engaged with the 1st planetary gear [2], 2nd stage sun gear [4] is engaged with
the 2nd planetary gear [5]. The 2nd stage planetary carrier [6] is fixed machine body. Planetary
gears [2], [5] are engaged with ring gear (housing).
The driving force form the piston motor is transmitted to drive gear [1], and the speed is reduced
by each gear.
The reduced driving force is transmitted to ring gear through planetary gear [5] of planetary
carrier [6] fixed on the machine body. (the driving force is also transferred from 1st stage planetary
gear [2]). The direction of output rotation are reversed against that of input rotation.
The reduction gear ratio " i " is shown as follows.
※ Reduction gear ratio (i)
Z1+Z3 Z4+Z6
I = (i1×i2-1) = ( × -1 )
Z1 Z4
※ Output torque of reduction unit (T)
T = TM×i×ηM Z1 : Drive gear teeth number
Z2 : Ring gear teeth number
Z4 : Sun gear teeth number
Z6 : Ring gear teeth number
※ Reduction gear output rotating speed (N)
NM TM : Input torque (motor output torque)
N=
i i : Reduction gear ratio
ηM : Mechanical efficiency
NM : Input speed of rotation (output motor speed)

2-63
GROUP 5 RCV LEVER

1. STRUCTURE
The casing has the oil inlet port P (primary pressure) and the oil outlet port T (tank). In addition the
secondary pressure is taken out through ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 provided at the bottom face.

23.3

LH RH
19
Single 25
operation Simultaneous
operation

Handle connector Handle bending direction (LH)

(No 3 Push rod) (No 2 Push rod)

45

3 2

P T
T 4 1
P
6-PF1/4 O-ring port

4 3 2 1
Handle bending direction (RH)
(No 4 Push rod)

A View "A"
R35Z72RL01

Port LH RH Port size

P Pilot oil inlet port Pilot oil inlet port
T Pilot oil return port Pilot oil return port

T 1 Arm in port Boom up port

PF 1/4
P 2 Right swing port Bucket out port
3 Arm out port Boom down port
1 32 4 4 Left swing port Bucket in port
Hydraulic circuit

2-64
CROSS SECTION
The construction of the pilot valve is shown in the attached cross section drawing. The casing has
vertical holes in which reducing valves are assembled.
The pressure reducing section is composed of the spool (10), spring (8, 31) for setting secondary
pressure, return spring (4), stopper (7), spring seat (5, 6) and spring seat (9). The spring for setting
the secondary pressure has been generally so preset that the secondary pressure is 5 to 20.5 kgf/cm2
(depending on the type). The spool is pushed against the push rod (11, 32) by the return spring.
When the push rod is pushed down by tilting the handle, the spring seat comes down simultaneously
and changes setting of the secondary pressure spring.

2-65
CROSS SECTION

26
27

28

21

24

25
23

20 22

19 18

11 30

32
14

16 17, 29

15 12
13
5 7
8 6

10 4

3 31
9
2 1

R35Z92RL02

1 Case 9 Spring seat 17 Machine screw 25 Boot

2 Plug 10 Spool 18 Joint assembly 26 Handle
3 O-ring 11 Push rod (1, 3) 19 Swash plate 27 Switch assembly
4 Spring 12 Plug 20 Hex nut 28 Screw
5 Spring seat (1, 3) 13 O-ring 21 Connector 29 Plate (B)
6 Spring seat (2, 4) 14 Rod seal 22 Nut 30 Boot
7 Stopper 15 Plate (A) 23 Nut 31 Spring (2, 4)
8 Spring (1, 3) 16 Bushing 24 Insert 32 Push rod (2, 4)

2-66
2. FUNCTIONS
1) FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONS
The pilot valve is a valve that controls the spool stroke, direction, etc of a main control valve. This
function is carried out by providing the spring at one end of the main control valve spool and
applying the output pressure (secondary pressure) of the pilot valve to the other end.
For this function to be carried out satisfactorily, the pilot valve is composed of the following
elements.
(1) Inlet port (P) where oil is supplied from hydraulic pump.
(2) Output ports (1, 2, 3 & 4) to apply pressure supplied from inlet port to ends of control valve
spools.
(3) Tank port (T) necessary to control the above output pressure.
(4) Spool to connect output port to inlet port or tank port.
(5) Mechanical means to control output pressure, including springs that work on the above spools.
2) FUNCTIONS OF MAJOR SECTIONS
The functions of the spool (10) are to receive the supply oil pressure from the hydraulic pump at its
port P, and to change over oil paths to determine whether the pressure oil of port P is led to output
ports 1, 2, 3 & 4 or the output port pressure oil to tank port T.
The spring (8, 9) works on this spool to determine the output pressure.
The change the deflection of this spring, the push rod (11, 32) is inserted and can slide in the plug
(12).
For the purpose of changing the displacement of the push rod through the swash plate (19) and
adjusting nut (20) are provided the handle (26) that can be tilted in any direction around the fulcrum
of the universal joint (18) center.
The spring (4) works on the case (1) and spring seat (5, 6) and tries to return the push rod (11, 32)
to the zero-displacement position irrespective of the output pressure, securing its resetting to the
center position.
This also has the effect of a reaction spring to give appropriate control feeling to the operator.

2-67
3) OPERATION
The operation of the pilot valve will be described on the basis of the hydraulic circuit diagram
shown below and the attached operation explanation drawing.
The diagram shown below is the typical application example of the pilot valve.

5 6

3
1
3
P T

2 4

2-70 (140-7TIER)

1 Pilot valve 3 Main pump 5 Hydraulic motor

2 Pilot pump 4 Main control valve 6 Hydraulic cylinder

2-68
(1) Case where handle is in neutral position

T
4

10
P

1 3
R35Z92RL03

The force of the spring (8) that determines the output pressure of the pilot valve is not applied to
the spool (10). Therefore, the spool is pushed up by the spring (4) to the position of port (1, 3) in
the operation explanation drawing. Then, since the output port is connected to tank port T only,
the output port pressure becomes equal to tank pressure.

2-69
(2) Case where handle is tilted

11

10

1 3 R35Z92RL04

When the push rod (11) is stroked, the spool (10) moves downwards.
Then port P is connected with port (1) and the oil supplied from the pilot pump flows through port
(1) to generate the pressure.
When the pressure at port (1) increases to the value corresponding to the spring force set by
tilting the handle, the hydraulic pressure force balances with the spring force. If the pressure at
port (1) increases higher than the set pressure, port P is disconnected from port (1) and port T is
connected with port (1). If it decreases lower than the set pressure, port P is connected with port
(1) and port T is disconnected from port 1.
In this manner the secondary pressure is kept at the constant value.

2-70
GROUP 6 RCV PEDAL

1. STRUCTURE
The casing has the oil inlet port P (primary pressure), and the oil outlet port T (tank). In addition the
secondary pressure is taken out through ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 provided at the bottom face.

12.4 12.4

40.8
Secondary pressure(kgf/cm 2 )

30.6
30
LH
2 1 20.5+1.5
20.4
4 3
RH
10.2
5+1

0
0 1 2 3 4
0.7 3.4
VIEW "A"
Push rod stroke(mm)

R35Z72RCP01

LH RH
Port Port name Port size
P Pilot oil inlet port
T T Pilot oil return port
P
1 Travel (LH, backward)
PF 1/4
2 14 3 2 Travel (LH, forward)
3 Travel (RH, backward)
4 Travel (RH, forward)

2-71
CROSS SECTION
The construction of the RCV pedal is shown in the below drawing. The casing has vertical holes in
which reducing valves are assembled.
The pressure reducing section is composed of the spool (19), spring (22) for setting secondary
pressure, return spring (23), spring seat (20) and washer (21). The spring for setting the secondary
pressure has been generally so preset that the secondary pressure is 5 to 19 kgf/cm2 (depending on
the type). The spool is pushed against the push rod (10) by the return spring.
When the push rod is pushed down by tilting pedal, the spring seat comes down simultaneously and
changes setting of the secondary pressure spring.

29
30
25 26
28
27
10
5
6
4
18
3
8
13 9
24
12 2
20 14
7 16

11 22
21 23
15
17
19

1 R35Z72RCP02

1 Casing (1) 11 Shim 21 Washer

2 Casing (2) 12 Spring seat 22 Spring
3 Cover 13 Piston 23 Spring
4 Plug 14 Steel ball 24 Spring
5 Grease cap 15 Plug 25 Cam shaft
6 Packing 16 Plug 26 Bushing
7 O-ring 17 O-ring 27 Cam
8 O-ring 18 Hex soc head screw 28 Steel ball
9 O-ring 19 Spool 29 Set screw
10 Push rod 20 Spring seat 30 Bellows

2-72
2. FUNCTION
1) FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONS
The pilot valve is a valve controls the spool stroke, direction, etc of a main control valve. This
function is carried out by providing the spring at one end of the main control valve spool and
applying the output pressure (secondary pressure) of the pilot valve to the other end.
For this function to be carried out satisfactorily, the pilot valve is composed of the following
elements.
(1) Inlet port (P) where oil is supplied from hydraulic pump.
(2) Output port (1, 2, 3 & 4) to apply pressure supplied from inlet port to ends of control valve spools.
(3) Tank port (T) necessary to control the above output pressure.
(4) Spool to connect output port to inlet port tank port.
(5) Mechanical means to control output pressure, including springs that work on the above spools.
2) FUNCTIONS OF MAJOR SECTIONS
The functions of the spool (19) are to receive the supply oil pressure from the hydraulic pump at its
port P, and to change over oil paths to determine whether the pressure oil of port P is led to output
ports 1, 2, 3 & 4 or the output spool to determine the output pressure.
The spring (22) works on this spool to determine the output pressure.
The change the deflection of this spring, the push rod (10) is inserted and can slide in the plug (4).
For the purpose of changing th displacement of the push rod through the cam (27) and steel ball
(28) are provided the pedal that can be tilted in any direction around the fulcrum of the cam (27)
center.
The spring (23) works on the casing (1) and washer (21) and tries to return the push rod (10) to the
zero-displacement position irrespective of the output pressure, securing its resetting to the center
position.
This also has the effect of a reaction spring to give appropriate control feeling to the operator.

2-73
3) OPERATION
The operation of the pilot valve will be described on the basis of the hydraulic circuit diagram shown
below ant the attached operation explanation drawing.
The diagram shown below is the typical application example of the pilot valve.

5 6

3
1
2

2 4

140LC-7 기타2-76

1 Pilot valve 3 Main pump 5 Hydraulic motor

2 Pilot pump 4 Main control valve 6 Hydraulic cylinder

2-74
(1) Case where pedal is in neutral position

22
T 19
23
P

R35Z72RCP04

The force of the spring (22) that determines the output pressure of the pilot valve is not applied to
the spool (19). Therefore, the spool is pushed up by the spring (23) to the position of port 2 in
the operation explanation drawing. Then, since the output port is connected to tank port T only,
the output port pressure becomes equal to tank pressure.

2-75
(2) Case where pedal is tilted

10

19

Port 1

R35Z72RCP05

When the push rod (10) is stroked, the spool (19) moves downwards.
Then port P is connected with port 1, and the oil supplied from the pilot pump flows through port
1 to generate the pressure.
When the pressure at port 1 increases to the value corresponding to the spring force set by tilting
the handle, the hydraulic pressure force balances with the spring force. If the pressure at port 1
increases higher than the set pressure, port P is disconnected from port 1 and port T is
connected with port 1. If it decreases lower than the set pressure, port P is connected with port
1 and port T is disconnected from port 1.
In this manner the secondary pressure is kept at the constant value.

2-76
3. BOOM
BOOM SWING P
PEDAL
EDAL
1) STRUCTURE
TRUCTURE
The casing has the oil inlet P (primary pressure) and the oil return port (tank).
In addition the secondary pressure is taken out through port 1 and port 2 provided at the housing
bottom face.

40

Secondary pressure(kgf/cm 2 )
20+1.5

5+1

0
24 0 3.5
0.7 2.7

Push rod stroke(mm)

1 2
R35Z72RSP01

Port Port name Port size

P Pilot oil inlet port
T Pilot oil return port
PF 1/4
1 Boom swing (LH)
2 Boom swing (RH)
1 T P 2
Hydraulic circuit

2-77
2) COMPONENT
OMPONENT

19

16
17

20 18
15

13,14 12

11

7 10
6 9

3, 4

1
8

R35Z72RSP02

1 Body 8 Stopper 15 DU bush

2 Plug 9 Spring 16 Wrench bolt
3 O-ring 10 Plug 17 Cam
4 Spool 11 O-ring 18 Pin
5 Spring seat 12 Rod seal 19 Adjust screw
6 Spring 13 Push rod 20 Socket bolt
7 Spring seat 14 Cover 21 Bellows

2-78
4. DOZER
DOZER LEVER
1) STRUCTURE
TRUCTURE
The casing has the oil inlet P (primary pressure) and the oil return port (tank).
In addition the secondary pressure is taken out through port 1 and port 2 provided at the housing
bottom face.

22 22

Secondary pressure(kgf/cm 2 )
22 +30

5+1

0
0 2 4 6 7
1+0.5

Push rod stroke(mm)

T T

P P

1 2

1 2

R35Z72DL01

Port Port Port size

P Pilot oil inlet port PF 1/4

T Pilot oil return port PF 1/4

1 Dozer blade up port PF 1/4
1 T P 2 2 Dozer blade down port PF 1/4
Hydraulic circuit

2-79
2) COMPONENT
OMPONENT

23

22
16
21
14
19
13
15
11
18
9
17 , 20
5
8 10

7 12

6 4

3 2
1

R35Z72DL02

1 Body 9 Stopper 17 Pin

2 Plug 10 Plug 18 Socket bolt
3 O-ring 11 Rod seal 19 Nut
4 Spring 12 O-ring 20 Snap ring
5 Spring seat 13 Push rod 21 Spring pin
6 Spool 14 Cover 22 Bellows
7 Spring seat 15 Wrench bolt 23 Lever
8 Spring 16 Guide

2-80