Project Report on

HOW PAPER,METAL,WOOD,GLASS AND PLASTICS ARE

RECYCLED

Semester 6I
CIVIL

SUBMITTED TO

S.M.D.R. GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DHULE

Under The Guidance of

Prof.DR.A.A.ANSARI
Lecturer in Civil Department

Shikshan Maharshi Dadasaheb Rawal Government Polytechnic, Dhule.

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 EVALUATION SHEET FOR MICRO PROJECT
(Academic Year: 2022-2023)

Roll No. :- 341

Seat No. :-
Subject: Solid Waste Management(22605)
Course :- CE-6I
Title of project : How Paper, Metal, Wood, Glass and Plastics Are Recycled

Roll Student Name Mark out of 06 Mark out of 04 for Total out
No. for performance performance in of 10
in individual oral/presentation
activity
341 Patil Jay Sunil

Name & Sign of Faculty.

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Patil Jay Sunil Roll No. 341 of Sixth Semester of
Diploma in Civil Engineering of Institute. S.M.D.R. Government
Polytechnic, Dhule (Code :- 0017) has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in the subject Solid Waste Management for the Academic Year
2022-23 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place :- Dhule Enrollment no. :- 2000170200

Date :- / /2022 Exam seat no. :- ………………

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

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 ACKNOWLEDGE

The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of

guidance and assistance from many people and we are extremely privileged to
have got this all along the completion of our project. All that we have done is
only due to such supervision and assistance and we would not forget to thank
them.

We respect and thank Dr. Mr. R. G. Wadekar, Principal,

Government Polytechnic, Dhule for providing us an opportunity to do the
project work in the institute and giving us all support and guidance which made
us complete the project duly.

We are extremely thankful to Mr. Wadekar Sir for providing such a

nice support and guidance. We heartily thank Mr. K. R. Pawar, Head,
Department of Civil Engineering, for his guidance, suggestions and
encouragement during this project work.

We our deep gratitude to our project guide Prof.DR.A.A.ANSARI

Lecturer in Civil Department. who took keen interest on our project work and
guided us all along, till the completion of our project work by providing all the
necessary information for developing a good system. We would not forget to
remember.

Prof.DR.A.A.ANSARI in Civil Department for their

encouragement and more over for their timely support and guidance till the
completion of our project work.

We are thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant

encouragement, support and guidance from all the Teaching staffs of
Department of Civil Engineering which helped us in successfully completing
our project work.

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 INDEX

Sr. No. Topic Name Page No.

1) INTRODUCTION 6

2) WHY SHOULD YOU RECYCLE? 7

3) WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT WAYS OF 8

RECYCLING?

4) EXPLORING THE RECYCLING PROCESS 9

OF PAPER, METAL, WOOD, GLASS, AND
PLASTICS

5) CONCLUSION 13

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 ABSTRACT-
Recycling is a vital process that helps to conserve natural resources and
reduce waste. This project provides an overview of how paper, metal, wood,
glass, and plastics are recycled. The recycling process for each material involves
specialized equipment and techniques to ensure that the recycled products meet
the necessary quality standards.

 INTRODUCTION-

Our planet's resources are finite, and we need to use them wisely to ensure
that we leave behind a habitable world for future generations. One way we can
achieve this is by reducing the amount of things we use and reusing items where
possible. However, if we cannot reduce or reuse, then recycling is a viable
option. Recycling involves the collection, processing, and transformation of
waste materials into new products, thus reducing the amount of waste sent to
landfills and conserving natural resources. Among the materials that can be
recycled are paper, metal, wood, glass, and plastics, which are all common in
our daily lives.

Each of these materials has a specific recycling process that involves

specialized equipment and techniques to ensure that the recycled products meet
quality standards. For example, paper recycling involves sorting and shredding
the paper, removing any contaminants, and processing it into pulp to make new
paper products. On the other hand, metal recycling requires melting the metal
down and reshaping it into new products. Understanding how each material is
recycled is essential to reducing waste and promoting sustainability. Recycling
not only conserves natural resources and reduces greenhouse gas emissions but
also has economic benefits as it creates jobs in the collection and processing of
waste materials.

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 Why should you recycle?
If everyone reduced, reused, and recycled, we could make Earth's
resources go an awful lot further. Recycling saves materials, reduces the need to
landfill and incinerate, cuts down pollution, and helps to make the environment
more attractive. It also creates jobs, because recycling things takes a bit more
effort than making new things. Recycling doesn't just save materials: it saves
energy too. Manufacturing things uses a lot of energy from power plants and
hungry power plants generally make global warming worse. We can save a
surprising amount of energy by recycling. If you recycle a single aluminum can
you save about 95 percent of the energy it would take to make a brand new
one. That's enough energy saved to power your television for about 3
hours! You'll often hear people say that over half the trash we throw away can
be recycled. Looking at the chart below, you can see that we currently recycle
somewhere between 30–100 percent of the various different materials we use.
Just imagine if everyone were recycling most of their garbage: together, we'd be
making a tremendous reduction in the amount of raw materials and energy we
use and doing a lot of good for the planet.

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 What are the different ways of recycling?
The essential difference between a bag of trash and a bag of valuable,
recyclable waste is that the trash is all mixed up together and the recyclable
waste is sorted out and separated. If you have a curbside recycling scheme, you
may be given a recycling box into which you can place certain types of waste
(perhaps metal cans, glass bottles, plastics, and newspapers) but not others.
When the box is collected, it might be sorted out at the curb. People on the truck
will take time to sort through your box and put different items into different
large boxes inside the truck. So, when the truck arrives at the recycling station,
the waste will already be sorted.
Alternatively, you may see your whole box being tipped into the truck
without any kind of sorting. The truck then takes your waste to a different kind
of recycling station called a MURF, which stands for Materials Recycling
Facility (MRF), where it is sorted partly by hand and partly by machine (this
type of recycling is also called single-stream or comingled). If you don't have
curbside recycling, it helps to sort out your waste and store it in separate bags or
boxes before you take it to the recycling center. (For example, you could wash
out food tins and glass bottles and keep them in separate plastic bags.)

 Which materials can be recycled?

Most things that you throw away can be recycled and turned into new
products although some are easier to recycle than others.

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  Paper and cardboard
One problem with recycling paper is that not all paper is the same. White
office printer paper is made of much higher quality raw material than the paper
towels you'll find in a factory washroom. The higher the quality of paper waste,
the better the quality of recycled products it can be used to make. So high-grade
white paper collected from offices can be used to make more high-grade white
recycled paper. But a mixture of old newspapers, office paper, junk mail, and
cardboard can generally be used only to make lower-grade paper products such
as "newsprint" (the low-grade paper on which newspapers are printed).
Corrugated cardboard (which is held together with glue) is harder to recycle
than the thin cardboard used to package groceries.

Waste documents are usually covered in ink, which has to be removed before
paper can be recycled. Using bleach to de-ink papers can be an environmentally
harmful process and it produces toxic ink wastes that have to be disposed of
somehow. So, although recycling paper has many benefits, it comes with
environmental costs as well.

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  Plastics-

Of all the different materials we toss in the trash, plastics cause by far the
biggest problem. They last a long time in the environment without breaking
down sometimes as much as 500 years. They're very light and they float, so
plastic litter drifts across the oceans and washes up on our beaches, killing
wildlife and scarring the shoreline. The only trouble is, plastics are relatively
hard to recycle. There are many different kinds of plastic and they all have to be
recycled in a different way. There's so much plastic about that waste plastic
material doesn't have much value, so it's not always economic to collect. Plastic
containers also tend to be large and, unless people squash them, quickly fill up
recycling bins.

All told, plastics are a bit of an environmental nightmare—but that's all the
more reason we should make an effort to recycle them! Different plastics can be
recycled in different ways. Plastic drinks bottles are usually made from a type of
clear plastic called PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and can be turned into such
things as textile insulation (for thermal jackets and sleeping bags). Milk bottles
tend to be made from a thicker, opaque plastic called HDPE (high-density
polyethylene) and can be recycled into more durable products like flower pots
and plastic pipes.

Another solution to the problem could be to use bioplastics, which claim to be

more environmentally friendly.

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 Metal-
Most of the metal we throw away at home comes from food
and drink cans and aerosols. Typically food cans are made
from steel, which can be melted down and turned into new food
cans. Drinks cans are generally thinner and lighter and made
from aluminum, which can also be recycled very easily. Mining
aluminum is a very energy-intensive and environmentally harmful
process. That's why waste aluminum cans have a relatively high
value and why recycling them is such a good thing to do.

 Wood-
People have been reusing this traditional, sustainable material
for as long as human history. Waste wood is often turned into
new wooden products such as recycled wooden flooring or garden
decking. Old wooden railroad sleepers (now widely replaced
by concrete) are sometimes used as building timbers in homes and
gardens. Waste wood can also be shredded and stuck together
with adhesives to make composite woods such as laminates. It
can also be composted or burned as fuel.

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 Glass-
Glass is very easy to recycle; waste bottles and jars can be
melted down and used again and again. You simply toss old glass
into the furnace with the ingredients you're using to make brand-
new glass. Bottle banks (large containers where waste glass is
collected) were the original examples of community recycling in
many countries.

 Rubber-
Huge amounts of waste rubber are produced each year, much
of it from old vehicle tires. Given how big and bulky tires are and
how many of them we get through, it's perhaps surprising that
only 3.4 percent of all municipal waste in the United States is
classed as rubber and leather. That might not sound a lot, but it's
about 9 million tons a year (the same weight as 2 million
elephants). Old tires can often be turned into new ones or
shredded to make soft, bouncy landscaping materials for
cushioning children's playgrounds.

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 Conclusion-
In conclusion, the recycling of paper, metal, wood, glass, and
plastics is essential in protecting the environment and conserving natural
resources. Each material requires its own specific methods of recycling,
but the ultimate goal is the same to reduce waste and create a more
sustainable future. While the process of recycling does require energy
and resources, it is still a better alternative than sending these materials
to landfills, where they would take hundreds of years to decompose. By
recycling, we can create a circular economy that reduces the need for
new resources and minimizes the amount of waste generated. It is vital
for individuals, businesses, and governments to take action and
prioritize recycling as a key component of sustainable living.

 Reference-
 Textbook of solid waste management of Nirali Pubilcation.
 https://www.explainthatstuff.com/recycling.html
 Recycling still the most effective waste disposal method, report
finds by Juliette Jowit, The Guardian, and 16 March 2010

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