ae © DIFFEREN TIAL, GAUATIONS + fin equation. vavolving_ devivatives ov differentials af one or move Coperdent voriables «ith vespecl £0 one ox more dndebenden! variables A called a differential equation. . Examples = xombles ate de 4 (2 a att dd>" Ndt YOY eL) che + Cyd) dy. — (Ww 2 ayy ae. n (SS) Oa) ote Tee, Mathematical Classifications : OROIWARY DIFF. EQUATION : > Involves derivatives Ort Airgle independent voriables Paria ‘bier. CQuatios + > Tnvoleses partial derivatives Crore £nan one indepencknt vouobles OnveR OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION ° Ta oxdes of Akt highest order derivative involved DEGREE OF A DIFFERENTIAL CBUATION: > “The dagrer ay He hughes order denwative ivoolved - jj ODE, ovder-4 — Gegres 1 Hone, order~ 4 degree 4 ih) POE, osder- BS deguer raeLive aR. tp Noweiveng DiEFEREVTIAL. EauaATION: A differential equation Vs colled Ginens f 3) evay dependent yariavle and ery doavative. ocauy an th ist degses. only » and mo lproduels of dapendent votables andlor devwadives oceuty . TA met Unear thom it 1 Callecl momlinear. Nate. Eveny Qinear equsction is 9 int leg see, ake nny fist degree equostion vey mot be Qineay. a4 y.de aye Ast degre but nonlinear get NG ttee NS SOWWTION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONC Fin velodion bebe ths dabendent amd imdabendant— variables Ghith Aaksfies te diferenttol emotion 14 called a solution oc integral of Se diHorerdial equation, &. qe f& +8 wa aehuxion of +s 2A Check! Wed OW os Arvest don doa. eppation: © = 0 Note 94 Should be vided that a solution of odiHerential eguadion loos not involve Ae dadivedives of 4h dab-vertoble, We tia Indip: Variable ov uraviables »Fawil Qi, armily of Curves: Bin-meparameles Rarihy of elowes 18 a stk ! ‘readions 4 the fowm Lewy: Pougence, en) 204 Seon \y 3d ef concentic circles Way = Cc > One pasa meter Fornily Wc taxes non-negative veal values ny aay civcles * Ge o\) + Wr-O)™= Q > thre paxayaelers Feil if C), Cr taxes all real yebues ond Cz dakes all non-negative. yeal Note: Stukon of adistovential eguotion is 0 family of cpwves . Fox mation of cliflerentiol oauations fama given y-pavomeless fori ly ef Cues: From a given Rarmily Y} ewes containg 1 arblirany corotonts, be ton Obtain an ath ordex cifferental epuation. Whose soludioy is Be given Peril —Wheventel Hee given eguationn. times Ao get N acleléhonal eyohons Comtaiirigng, those axbitsory cono tents . — Gimingi verbitsony constonts Grom the (xr) equections - — Obtain a diferential epuotion.of tne nth order .Ee: Obtain dhe disevential eguostion aassfied 24 - “ = aehabe oe Ghere a Kb are orbileaay comstonts . Sol: Given fermily tf Ces 4 gets best aaa ay DYistecenttadg- wert 2, We ger ayl ey ¢ ab oN OK a4 © again” ise entiodtgy mye ay = gett bem td Wsing (@) we wer ay" . ay = mye x Qhith is Be desired ex ential espixion : Rema! — Ovsewe. Bad te mumbor of axbitsany, Constants win a Adlutin af a clifferential egvasion clapemds Ubon tho oxdex of AMS disfevential equation « Cee aber wn C on sake a 7 genes Aohuti on (aelined loker) of 7 orem | Conatemts - rental equation stk contain oe ave© Genexal , povhewlos, and Aing law Aolutton. kb Fagg yt. yO) ze be an mth order ordinary, difevential equation. 1) Genexal acbution . Sokudion Comaining sn-timdependent arbifrang— Constants. i) Roatioulay Solution : Zobution. 4 giving. \pertieulax voll £0 one Osrmore of Ae mn-independent consten ts. ii) e pyr ert ae & er ty Seg wating both 4ide: Cu = et+ 2 + oY el c ge%4 BereEquation vedacle Ko Atparation of veotiables: Consider & = f(ax+byte) —O OR dy. Lrax+by) ax Srurst anrkyte = py on antbg= we > arb w= de dx d& “Than (4) veduers 40 E[ge-a) = 2 Be pfw+e 3 (ae _ = {dx bt(eyte Garsie: de = see Ot) sol: det nag = > a 2 du 4 Tron Bu dB 25° becomes? dea ie gee wrk ( Aeparabie. rm) (4 cost _ Qo coo oS Zork-L 2 Jh-Escepjr = Sax > w — tom) = 24 Apts}. WE mtg y= aon (HE) = ©Homoge : CISNeONA egucctions: 9 diSevential egucstion of Aint order ond fist degven is Auld to be. homeg: if it 1S af bu form or con be fut in the form : d = y — te) oO sex du ae o> arn de = f(y) > xdke fw)-B (dspaatie om ) du awe de a [& +c. > [ale cont (sean + orp ye Sl dy Stary 843 (9) dx. ~~ Vso] Proee (8)%3(8) Awost Je > We a SS anh > Rate > verde ~ 443vr de. w343- Da>xWwe - vient prssw 3 3 AO F38) ge - dx ieee fe 2 (ots evry) = ne +e (x70)Equedion yedlucilble #0 homagenzoua form: dy _ Mrbogte eo Oo oe oar eyre : ai’ Taxe x on -—@ te \rk Where KRY ave Ned wsaiobles ond 2K are conotonis Ao be. Jo Chosen that te eat eguetion in Xan becomes hemegents 2 . day yor YO) +6 ) > e dx or te = quirk Os (york) = | a { ay _ ax rbyr ah+bkee @ Oe eee a gy rey terhtb KC Qn ordex fo “moke_@ hemog- Choose hand ke Auch Anat ahtbk+t =o and fey possible. beCowe o-clbec ahtb k+l =o Geing. h & & coe Rave Kerk & Yetk 5 yay _ ort) ay AX*BY a+¥(¥) w@ Mm case ger ai > ad=da & We ab Subst cy omebyte _ fiax+by) (ate sel Sais) GR Jansey) +c Oneby = homagensoud im XG y& dy 2 td-3 _p co Ix+q-3 Sol. Take xe xth & YeYrk +e Amat dy _ dl dx ax AY X+2) + Ch+2k-3) —& HK K++ Ceh+K-9) Choose hy K Ao thot = +2K-3 =O > fel Pkt, ght k-3=0 So Fam) Yarmek Ve qo @> Ma Xray a gy Tee Y= ox 2 Wa ysx ge yde = /Ltae\_ yp 2 pet a (GRE)-» = be > de [#(4s)+2C5)] ee Onegwaking: => Inxthc= $ [Im (a+¥) -— 31m aw | Ite) > anlxc) = In (ES > Vere eS : - vel Bib BS Fey= ential Cguadions md Ware fimetions al x ond y - {> ae efrona. Means ged xO NEN ENEKE exitts a Lemetion. Fong) auth ted d (fog) = Méx tidy OE any OF dye Many oe 3 Mans ay TheoveM: “he Mecessany. om epson, d aulfscienk Condit enka Mdn+Nody =o te loe exact 14 OM ~ ON I eos Tre condition ig, Neceh2ONy '=9' ft Ae epsodion be exath, thon Ue ane 2h dy o Mn+ oy. a By Tt Ghuading coeHicients of dx & Oy , we get M= = v 2 wo 1 vodives , Loe. Obtain, eyo i Cxort then M2 sohityig a te fe oa) +} (SB) oy ; : ag = a Sew-38) 4a) = \ 39 28 du+ 23 3 ae = Mdn+Ndy ven differeniial eguscton ly exact .r- pp Ta tebation of on exe BS , B en pe covihem as con Sumetion af 3 olme. oR 6 ion 8 lf , \ (terms et N nek Contain’ ng v.\ A J emi) } gore Save Ox a -2y*) dx orc = fog = axe SO Me xe an _ aye We ye any ee MM = ~An- a DNC Ly ts epuation Is exaet- owe van Yen » Here exists & Lmation Lowy) sven thor Bass ie he \ z + eS a ae 3 2, f. 7 — 2g - amg CL On difenamuation oe Yt fom Gee =f Vig) Gb amy 790" ay ant — 4ny +6, (4) ge 4ny- 29 dg haya = Quy)= Pic > CGw=f° 7% er Hema Pe o> ee andy = mgt e. = Cy 3.2 Gag (ary) + romerrerEr ed c |wabrig Of * Bray nr) dg + 22 = . (x I 7 ~ IU =o Thin rust be on oroe? o€ _ 4 . gvin (sxta Src 4) =¢fal Squadion. @ 7 « hSeventios equation % called Urear if = +P@)Y¥ = Ge) " \ ape gq 8 ( Sear in ¢) Recoritien ad ay PY dx = AG) de —oO Comnbare with Mdx+ndy to gub Me Pd Ned Observe thee ( 2M _ oar) if Ss Set o} 2 P (fimetion a “alone / Vena IF = e° Poe mslsblying © by el Pax Sed of ay + Py este due Qe de