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Maths Assignment

HND in Computing (ESOFT Metro Campus)

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Higher Nationals -
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assessor Nuwani Ranasinghe Internal Verifier

Unit(s) Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Assignment title Importance of Maths in the Field of Computing

Student’s name Nipun Kavishka Deshapriya

List which assessment Pass Merit Distinction

criteria the Assessor
has awarded.
INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST
Do the assessment criteria awarded
match those shown in the Y/N
assignment brief?

Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade

awarded justified by the assessor’s Y/N
comments on the student work?
Has the work been assessed Y/N
accurately?
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Give details:
• Constructive?
Y/N
• Linked to relevant assessment
criteria? Y/N

• Identifying opportunities Y/N

for improved performance?
Y/N
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Does the assessment decision need Y/N
amending?
Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature
Date
(if required)

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Confirm action completed

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Higher Nationals – Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID Nipun Kavishka Deshapriya COL00079202

Unit Title Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Assignment Number 1 Assessor Nuwani Ranasinghe

Date Received 1st
Submission Date
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:
LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios.
Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 P2 M1 D1
Descripts
LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and probability distributions.

Pass, Merit & Distinction P3 P4 M2 D2

Descripts

LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector methods.
Pass, Merit & Distinction P5 P6 M3 D3
Descripts
LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus.

Pass, Merit & Distinction P7 P8 M4 D4

Descripts

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external
moderation has taken place and grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.

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Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely, to use another’s work and to
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Assignment Brief

Student Name /ID Number Nipun Kavishka Deshapriya COL00079202

Unit Number and Title Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Academic Year 2021/2022

Unit Tutor Nuwani Ranasinghe

Assignment Title Importance of Maths in the Field of Computing

Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date

Submission Format:

This assignment should be submitted at the end of your lesson, on the week stated at the front of this brief.
The assignment can either be word-processed or completed in legible handwriting.

If the tasks are completed over multiple pages, ensure that your name and student number are present on
each sheet of paper.

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios.

LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and probability distributions.

LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector methods.

LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus.

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Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Activity 01

Part 1

1. A tailor wants to make square shaped towels. The required squared pieces of cloth will be cut
from a ream of cloth which is 20 meters in length and 16 meters in width.
a) Find the minimum number of squared pieces that can be cut from the ream of cloth without
wasting any cloth.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

2. On the first day of the month, 4 customers come to a restaurant. Afterwards, those 4 customers
come to the same restaurant once in 2,4,6 and 8 days respectively.
a) On which day of the month, will all the four customers come back to the restaurant together?
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).
Part 2

3. Logs are stacked in a pile with 24 logs on the bottom row and 10 on the top row. There are 15
rows in all with each row having one more log than the one above it.
a) How many logs are in the stack?
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

4. A company is offering a job with a salary of Rs. 50,000.00 for the first year and a 4% raise each
year after that. If that 4% raise continues every year,
a) Find the total amount of money an employee would earn in a 10-years career.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

Part 3

5. Define the multiplicative inverse in modular arithmetic and identify the multiplicative inverse of
6 mod 13 while explaining the algorithm used.

6. Prime numbers are important to many fields. In the computing field also prime numbers are
applied. Provide examples and in detail explain how prime numbers are important in the field of
computing.

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Activity 02

Part 1

1. Define ‘Conditional Probability’ with a suitable example.

2. The manager of a supermarket collected the data of 25 customers on a certain date. Out of them
5 purchased Biscuits, 10 purchased Milk, 8 purchased Fruits, 6 purchased both Milk and Fruits.
Let B represents the randomly selected customer purchased Biscuits, M represents the
randomly selected customer purchased Milk and F represents the randomly selected
customer purchased Fruits.
Represent the given information in a Venn diagram. Use that Venn diagram to answer the
following questions.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected customer either purchased Biscuits or Milk.
b) Show that the events “The randomly selected customer purchased Milk” and “The
randomly selected customer purchased Fruits” are independent.

3. Suppose a voter poll is taken in three states. Of the total population of the three states, 45% live
in state A, 20% live in state B, and 35% live in state C. In state A, 40% of voters support the
liberal candidate, in state B, 30% of the voters support the liberal candidate, and in state C, 60%
of the voters support the liberal candidate.
Let A represents the event that voter is from state A, B represents the event that voter is from
state B and C represents the event that voter is from state C. Let L represents the event that a
voter supports the liberal candidate.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter does not support the liberal candidate
and lives in state A.
b) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate.
c) Given that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate, find the probability that
the selected voter is from state B.

4. In a box, there are 4 types [Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Scorpions] of cards. There are 6 Hearts
cards, 7 Clubs cards, 8 Diamonds cards and 5 Scorpions cards in the box. Two cards are selected
randomly without replacement.
a) Find the probability that the both selected cards are Hearts.
b) Find the probability that one card is Clubs and the other card is Diamonds.
c) Find the probability that the both selected cards are from the same type.

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Part 2

5. Differentiate between ‘Discrete Random Variable’ and ‘Continuous Random Variable”.

6. Two fair cubes are rolled. The random variable X represents the difference between the values
of the two cubes.

a) Find the mean of this probability distribution. (i.e. Find E[X] )

b) Find the variance and standard deviation of this probability distribution.
(i.e. Find V[X] and SD[X])
The random variables A and B are defined as follows:
A = X-10 and B = [(1/2)X]-5
c) Show that E[A] and E[B].
d) Find V[A] and V[B].
e) Arnold and Brian play a game using two fair cubes. The cubes are rolled, and Arnold records
his score using the random variable A and Brian uses the random variable B. They repeat
this for a large number of times and compare their scores. Comment on any likely
differences or similarities of their scores.

7. A discrete random variable Y has the following probability distribution.

Y=y 1 2 3 4 5
P(Y=y) 1/3 1/6 1/4 k 1/6
where k is a constant.
a) Find the value of k.
b) Find P(Y≤3).
c) Find P(Y>2).

Part 3

10. The “Titans” cricket team has a winning rate of 75%. The team is planning to play 10 matches
in the next season.

a) Let X be the number of matches that will be won by the team. What are the possible values
of X?
b) What is the probability that the team will win exactly 6 matches?
c) What is the probability that the team will lose 2 or less matches?
d) What is the mean number of matches that the team will win?
e) What are the variance and the standard deviation of the number of matches that the team
will win?

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11. In a boys’ school, there are 45 students in grade 10. The height of the students was measured.
The mean height of the students was 154 cm and the standard deviation was 2 cm. Alex’s height
was 163 cm. Would his height be considered an outlier, if the height of the students were
normally distributed? Explain your answer.

12. The battery life of a certain battery is normally distributed with a mean of 90 days and a standard
deviation of 3 days.
For each of the following questions, construct a normal distribution curve and provide the
answer.
a) About what percent of the products last between 87 and 93 days?
b) About what percent of the products last 84 or less days?
For each of the following questions, use the standard normal table and provide the answer.
c) About what percent of the products last between 89 and 94 days?
d) About what percent of the products last 95 or more days?

13. In the computing field, there are many applications of Probability theories. Hashing and Load
Balancing are also included to those. Provide an example for an application of Probability in
Hashing and an example for an application of Probability in Load Balancing. Then, evaluate in
detail how Probability is used for each application while assessing the importance of using
Probability to those applications.

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Activity 03

Part 1

1. Find the equation (formula) of a circle with radius r and center C(h,k) and if the Center of a circle
is at (3,-1) and a point on the circle is (-2,1) find the formula of the circle.

2. Find the equation (formula) of a sphere with radius r and center C(h, k, l) and show that x2 + y2
+ z2 - 6x + 2y + 8z - 4 = 0 is an equation of a sphere. Also, find its center and radius.

3. Following figure shows a Parallelogram.

If a=(i+3j-k) , b=(7i-2j+4k), find the area of the Parallelogram.

Part 2

4. If 2x - 4y =3, 5y = (-3)x + 10 are two functions. Evaluate the x, y values using graphical method.

5. Evaluate the surfaces in ℝ3 that are represented by the following equations.

i. y = 4
ii. z = 5

6. Following figure shows a Tetrahedron.

Construct an equation to find the volume of the given Tetrahedron using vector methods and if
the vectors of the Tetrahedron are a=(i+4j-2k) , b=(3i-5j+k) and c=(-4i+3j+6k), find the volume
of the Tetrahedron using the above constructed equation..

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Activity 04

Part 1
1. Determine the slope of the following functions.
i. f(x) = 2x – 3x4 + 5x + 8
ii. f(x) = cos(2x) + 4x2 – 3

2. Let the displacement function of a moving object is S(t) = 5t3 – 3t2 + 6t. What is the function for
the velocity of the object at time t.
Part 2

3. Find the area between the two curves f(x) = 2x2 + 1 and g(x) = 8 – 2x on the interval
(-2) ≤ x ≤ 1 .

4. It is estimated that t years from now the tree plantation of a certain forest will be increasing at the
rate of 3t 2 + 5t + 6 hundred trees per year. Environmentalists have found that the level of Oxygen
in the forest increases at the rate of approximately 4 units per 100 trees. By how much will the
Oxygen level in the forest increase during the next 3 years?

Part 3

5. Sketch the graph of f(x) = x5- 6x3 + 3 by applying differentiation methods for analyzing where
the graph is increasing/decreasing, local maximum/minimum points [Using the second derivative
test], concave up/down intervals with inflection points.

6. Identify the maximum and minimum points of the function f(x)= 2x3 - 4x4 + 5x2 by further
differentiation. [i.e Justify your answer using both first derivative test and second derivative test.]

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Grading Rubric

Grading Criteria Achievement Feedback

(Yes/No)
LO1 : Use applied number theory in practical computing
scenarios.
P1 : Calculate the greatest common divisor and least common multiple
of a given pair of numbers.

P2 : Use relevant theory to sum arithmetic and geometric progressions.

M1 : Identify multiplicative inverses in modular arithmetic.

D1 : Produce a detailed written explanation of the importance of prime

numbers within the field of computing.
LO2 : Analyse events using probability theory and
probability distributions.
P3 : Deduce the conditional probability of different events occurring
within independent trials.
P4 : Identify the expectation of an event occurring from a discrete,
random variable.

M2 : Calculate probabilities within both binomially distributed and

normally distributed random variables.

D2 : Evaluate probability theory to an example involving hashing and

load balancing.

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LO3 : Determine solutions of graphical examples using

geometry and vector methods.
P5 : Identify simple shapes using co-ordinate geometry.

P6 : Determine shape parameters using appropriate vector methods.

M3 : Evaluate the coordinate system used in programming a simple

output device.
D3 : Construct the scaling of simple shapes that are described by vector
coordinates.
LO4 : Evaluate problems concerning differential and
integral calculus.
P7 : Determine the rate of change within an algebraic function.

P8 : Use integral calculus to solve practical problems involving area.

M4 : Analyse maxima and minima of increasing and decreasing

functions using higher order derivatives.
D4 : Justify, by further differentiation, that a value is a minimum.

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Pearson Higher Nationals in

Computing…

Unit 11: Maths for Computing

Assignment 01

Nipun Kavishka Deshapriya

COL00079202

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Table of Contents

Activity …….………………...…………..…………………………………………………01

Part ……………………………………………………...……………………………………………...….01
Question …………………………………………………………………………………………..…01
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..02

Part ……………………………………………………………………………...…………………...…….02
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..03
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..04

Part …………………………………...........………………………………………………………...…….03
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..05
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..06

Activity ……………………………...………….…………………………………………02

Part …………………………………………………………...…………………………………………....01
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..01
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..02
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..03
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..04

Part …………………………………………………………………...…………………………………....02
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..05
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..06
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..07

Part ………………………………………………………………...……………………………………....03
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..10
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..11
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..12
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..13

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Activity ……………………………...……………………………………………..………03

Part …………………………………………………...………………………………………………...….01
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..01
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..02
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..03

Part ……………………………………………………...………………………………………………....02
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..04
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..05
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..06

Activity …………………...…….…………………………………………………………04

Part ………………………………………………………………...……………………………………....01
Question ……………………………..……………………………………………………………....01
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..02

Part ……………………………………………………...…………………………………………………02
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..03
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..04

Part …………………………………...……………………………………...…………………………….03
Question ………………………………………………………………...…………………………...05
Question ……………………………………………………………………………………………..06

References ……………………………………..…………………………………………...

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• Activity 01,

Part 01,

Q: - 01) A tailor wants to make square shaped towels. The required squared pieces of cloth will be cut from
a ream of cloth which is 20 meters in length and 16 meters in width.
a) Find the minimum number of squared pieces that can be cut from the ream of cloth without
wasting any cloth.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

(a) H.C.F of 20 and 16

16 20: - 2 * 2 * 5
16: - 2 * 2 * 2 * 2

20

Highest common factor =2*2

=4
Length of 1 side in square piece = X
X=4m
Area of the square piece =4*4
= 16
Area of the cutting piece = 20 * 16
= 320
Number of square pieces = 320 / 16
= 20

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(b) The highest common factor method is what I used above. Among other things, HCF stands for "Highest
common factor." It comes in helpful when we need to simplify a fraction. For example, in the stated
scenario, the HCF is 4.
We can divide each of these numbers by 4 because the common factor of 20 and 16 is 4. The procedure of
determining the highest common factor is simple. We should first identify all of the components shared by
both numbers, then choose the one that is most common to both, and then choose the greatest. We may use
HCF to compute the length of one side of the cloth ream using the preceding example. 20 square pieces is
the final answer.

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Q: - 02) On the first day of the month, 4 customers come to a restaurant. Afterwards, those 4 customers come
to the same restaurant once in 2,4,6 and 8 days respectively.
a) On which day of the month, will all the four customers come back to the restaurant together?
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

(a) L.C.M of 2,4,6 and 8

2: - 2
4: - 2 * 2
6: - 2 * 3
8: - 2 * 2 * 2

Least common multiplication = 2*2*2*3

= 8*3
= 24
Y= 24
Meet day =Y+1
= 24+1
= 25

They meet after 24 days → 25th day all four customers will meet.

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(b) Above, I utilized the Least Common Multiple technique. The least common multiple, or L.C.M., is the
smallest of all common multiples. The supplied numbers in the preceding example are 2, 4, 6, and 8,
respectively. As a result, 2, 2, 2, 3, and 1 are the most common multiples. As a result, the smallest
number formed by these numbers is also 24, and the multiple of these numbers is 24. All four clients
will return on the 25th day after deducting the first day and adding one to the total of 24 days. The
LCM is the lowest number of two or more numbers evenly divided by all of the numbers in the set.

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Part 02,

Q: - 03) Logs are stacked in a pile with 24 logs on the bottom row and 10 on the top row. There are 15
rows in all with each row having one more log than the one above it.
a) How many logs are in the stack?
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

Q: - 04) A company is offering a job with a salary of Rs. 50,000.00 for the first year and a 4% raise
each year after that. If that 4% raise continues every year,
a) Find the total amount of money an employee would earn in a 10-years career.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

Q: - 03)
(a) 10,11,12…….24

a=10, n=15, l=24, Sn=?

Sn = n/2(a + l)
Sn = 15/2(10 + 24)
Sn = 15/2 (34)
Sn = 15 * 17
Sn = 255 255 Logs
====

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(b) A number sequence can be defined as a collection of numbers. In a mathematical series, for
example, the difference between one term and the next term is always the same, and "a" is the first
term, with "d" the difference between the terms. In the previous example, the first verse contains
ten words, the difference is one, and the words to be added are 15 'n'. We can get the logs by
finding the difference with the arithmetic thread and then summarizing the arithmetic sequence
with the first term.

Q: - 04)
(a) First year = 50,000.00
Second year = 52,000.00 (50,000 + 50,000 * 4/100)
Third year = 54,080.00 (52,000 + 52,000 * 4/100)

r = 52,000/50000
= 1.04

a = 50,000.00, r = 1.04, S10 =?

Sn = a (r ^ n – 1)/ r -1
S10 = 50,000 (1.04^10 – 1)/ 1.04 – 1
S10 = 50,000 * 0.480244285/ 0.04
S10 = 24,012.2143 / 0.04
S10 = 600,305.36

Total amount of money an employee would earn in 10 years career would be = Rs 600,305.36

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(b) According to geometric progression, each term has a specific ratio to its pre-terms. Multiply by
the common ratio, which is a fixed term, to yield the following term. In order to find the initial
word, we must divide it by the same common ratio. As a result, the common ratio in the example
above is 0.04. The letter 'a' is also known as the alphabet's first letter, whereas the letter 'r' is
known as the common ratio. For example, the letter 'a' is 50000, which is the first term in the
series, and the letter 'n' is the tenth term. Using this information, we can calculate the total amount
each employee makes for himself or herself. Her field of expertise.

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Part 03,

05) Define the multiplicative inverse in modular arithmetic and identify the multiplicative inverse of 6
mod 13 while explaining the algorithm used.

06) Prime numbers are important to many fields. In the computing field also, prime numbers are applied.
Provide examples and in detail explain how prime numbers are important in the field of computing.

Q: - 05) The multiplicative inverse occurs when a number is multiplied by the original number and the
result is 1. The multiplicative inverse of 'a' is a-1 or 1/a. It basically indicates that the product of two
integers is 1 and that they multiply in the opposite direction. When the modular multiplicative inverse of an
integer 'p' is another integer 'x', the product px is congruent to 1 in terms of modulus "m." px 1 is the
symbol for it (mod m). m will essentially split px-1 in half. Furthermore, if GCD (p.m.) =1, the
multiplicative inverse of an integer 'p' in terms of modulus 'm' can exist in modular arithmetic. To find the
modular inverse for 6 mod 13, we must first compute A * B mod C for B values 0 through C-1. In this
case, A = 6, B = 11, and the ultimate number is 66, which equals C = 1. The modular inverse, as a result, is
11.

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Q: - 06) An initial integer that can only be divided by one has no divisor. Half of all possible three, four,
and five-digit numbers are necessary, however there is also a prime infinite number. Prime numbers are
essential in the computing world. Prime refers to the entire set of numbers that remains after rewriting the
numbers. When the remaining numbers can no longer be factorized, they are referred to as primes. Modern
computers process cryptography using many primers. Others can see the enormous number that was used
to encrypt the data, and encryption may be used to decode the file using a variety of key factors. Quantum
computers can also quickly find the key component in large quantities, effectively breaking the current
global code. Computers are protected by simple numbers. In today's encryption and decoding systems, it is
easier to multiply large prime numbers than to break down massive numbers into their basic components.
The RSA encryption and decoding algorithm is the most extensively utilized. If a mechanism for creating
prime numbers can be discovered, online secrets such as bank accounts could be jeopardized. Therefore,
computers constantly generate new prime numbers. Because owning the key does not allow someone to
circumvent encryption, we don't need to be concerned about releasing it when transmitting encryption.
There must be some important elements that you can't figure out just by reading or encrypting the message.

▪ A prime number is a positive integer which has no factor except 1 and itself.
▪ A factor which is a prime number is called prime factors.
▪ A composite number is an integer which has other factors beside 1 and itself.

Ex: - 6 is a composite number science 2 and 3 are also factors of 6. (Apart from 1 and 6)

We have ways of factoring large numbers into primes, but if we try to do it with a 200-digit number, or a
500-digit number, using the same algorithms we would use to factor a 7-digit number, the world’s most
advanced supercomputers still take absurd amount of time to finish. Like, timescales longer than the
formation of the planet and, for extremely large numbers, longer than the age of the universe itself.
So, there is a functional limit to the size of the numbers we can factor into primes, and this fact is essential
to modern computer security. Pretty much anything that computers can easily do without being able to
easily undo will be of interest to computer security. Modern encryption algorithms exploit the fact that we
can easily take two large primes and multiply them together to get a new, super-large number, but that no
computer yet created can take that super-large number and quickly figure out which two primes went into
making it.

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• Activity 02,

Part 01,

01) Define ‘Conditional Probability’ with a suitable example.

02) The manager of a supermarket collected the data of 25 customers on a certain date. Out of them 5
purchased Biscuits, 10 purchased Milk, 8 purchased Fruits, 6 purchased both Milk and Fruits.
Let B represents the randomly selected customer purchased Biscuits, M represents the randomly
selected customer purchased Milk and F represents the randomly selected customer purchased Fruits.
Represent the given information in a Venn diagram. Use that Venn diagram to answer the following
questions.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected customer either purchased Biscuits or Milk.
b) Show that the events “The randomly selected customer purchased Milk” and “The randomly
selected customer purchased Fruits” are independent.

03) Suppose a voter poll is taken in three states. Of the total population of the three states, 45% live in
state A, 20% live in state B, and 35% live in state C. In state A, 40% of voters support the liberal
candidate, in state B, 30% of the voters support the liberal candidate, and in state C, 60% of the voters
support the liberal candidate.
Let A represents the event that voter is from state A, B represents the event that voter is from state B
and C represents the event that voter is from state C. Let L represents the event that a voter supports
the liberal candidate.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter does not support the liberal candidate and
lives in state A.
b) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate.
c) Given that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate, find the probability that the
selected voter is from state B.

04) In a box, there are 4 types [Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Scorpions] of cards. There are 6 Hearts cards,
7 Clubs cards, 8 Diamonds cards and 5 Scorpions cards in the box. Two cards are selected randomly
without replacement.
a) Find the probability that both selected cards are Hearts.
b) Find the probability that one card is Clubs, and the other card is Diamonds.
c) Find the probability that both selected cards are from the same type.

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Q: - 01) In probability theory, conditional probability is a measure of the possibility of an event occurring
because another event has already occurred. This process is reliant on event X, which is in some way linked
to another event. In this example, a conditional probability can be used to investigate occurrence X in
connection to case Y. If Y is the important event, and X is known or supposed to have happened. P (Y | X)
or P X (Y). This is the area of probability X where probability Y intersects.

P(Y|X) = P (Y X) / P(X)

P(Y) P(Y X) P(X)

The following is the conditional probability of two independent events:

• If event Y is known, P(X|Y) = P(X)
• If event X is known, P(Y|X) = P(Y)

Q: - 02) Venn diagram…

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(a)

(b)

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Q: - 03)
(a)

probability that a randomly selected voter does not support the liberal candidate and lives in state A is= 0.27

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(b)

Randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate is = 0.45

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(c) Randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate, find the probability that the
selected voter is from state B is = 0.133

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Q: - 04)

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(a)

Probability that both selected cards are Hearts is = 0.046

(b)Probability that one card is Clubs, and the other card is Diamonds is = 0.1723

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(c)

Probability that both selected cards are from the same type is = 0.228

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Part 02,

05) Differentiate between ‘Discrete Random Variable’ and ‘Continuous Random Variable”.

06) Two fair cubes are rolled. The random variable X represents the difference between the values of the
two cubes.

a) Find the mean of this probability distribution. (i.e., Find E[X])

b) Find the variance and standard deviation of this probability distribution.
(i.e., Find V[X] and SD[X])
The random variables A and B are defined as follows:
A = X-10 and B = [(1/2) X]-5
c) Show that E[A] and E[B].
d) Find V[A] and V[B].
e) Arnold and Brian play a game using two fair cubes. The cubes are rolled, and Arnold records his
score using the random variable A and Brian uses the random variable B. They repeat this for
many times and compare their scores. Comment on any likely differences or similarities of their
scores.

07) A discrete random variable Y has the following probability distribution.

Y=y 1 2 3 4 5
P(Y=y) 1/3 1/6 1/4 k 1/6
where k is a constant.
a) Find the value of k.
b) Find P(Y≤3).
c) Find P(Y>2).

Q: - 05)
A discrete variable is one whose value may be calculated by counting. A continuous variable is one
whose value may be determined through measurement. A random variable is one whose value is
determined by the numerical outcome of a random event. The number of possible values for a discrete
random variable X is countable
▪ The number of possible values for a discrete random variable is limited. Any value could be
assigned to a continuous random variable (usually within a certain range).
Typically, a discrete random variable is an integer, although it can also be a rational fraction.

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The result received by coin toss is an example of a discrete random variable with just the following
possible values: Head and Tail.
Another example of a discrete random variable is Number of planets around the sun with just following
possible values: 8 planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)
There is no predetermined number of possible values for a continuous random variable; it can take on any
value (typically within a given range). The real value of a continuous variable is frequently a function of
measurement precision.
A continuous random variable might look like this: The amount of sugar in an orange, The time required to
run a mile, Number of stars in the space.
Example for discrete random variables: - X = Z (Z means integers)
Example for discrete random variables: - X = R (R means real numbers)

Q: - 06)

1st Time
No 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
2nd Time

3 2 1 0 1 2 3
4 3 2 1 0 1 2
5 4 3 2 1 0 1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
x = Different of Values

x=n 0 2 3 4 5 6
P (x = n) 6 / 36 10 / 36 8 / 36 6 / 36 4 / 36 2 / 36

=1 / 6 =5 / 18 =2 / 9 =1 / 6 =1 / 9 =1 / 18

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(a)

(b)

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(c)

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(d)

(e)

The difference would be that they’d use two different cubes with different outcomes, and the similarity
would be that they’d use two fair cubes with random variable with different result. Arnold will use random
variable A to record the score when the cubes are rolled, whereas Brain will use random variable B. Then
there’s a random variable with the values nn, which is the number of times arnold will roll the pair of fair
cubes, and pp, which is the likelihood of success, with the random variable AA for each value. Consider
the random variable section, which shows nn, the number of times Brain will roll the pair of fair cubes, and
pp, the chance of success, where each value has a random variable BB can take. The probability
distribution will have the same binomial distribution with the paremeters nn and pp.

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Q: - 07)
(a)

(b)

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(c)

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Part 03,

10) The “Titans” cricket team has a winning rate of 75%. The team is planning to play 10 matches in the
next season.

a) Let X be the number of matches that will be won by the team. What are the possible values of
X?
b) What is the probability that the team will win exactly 6 matches?
c) What is the probability that the team will lose 2 or less matches?
d) What is the mean number of matches that the team will win?
e) What are the variance and the standard deviation of the number of matches that the team will
win?

11) In a boys’ school, there are 45 students in grade 10. The height of the students was measured. The
mean height of the students was 154 cm, and the standard deviation was 2 cm. Alex’s height was 163
cm. Would his height be considered an outlier, if the height of the students were normally distributed?
Explain your answer.

12) The battery life of a certain battery is normally distributed with a mean of 90 days and a standard
deviation of 3 days.
For each of the following questions, construct a normal distribution curve and provide the answer.
a) About what percent of the products last between 87 and 93 days?
b) About what percent of the products last 84 or less days?
For each of the following questions, use the standard normal table and provide the answer.
c) About what percent of the products last between 89 and 94 days?
d) About what percent of the products last 95 or more days?

c) In the computing field, there are many applications of Probability theories. Hashing and Load
Balancing are also included to those. Provide an example for an application of Probability in
Hashing and an example for an application of Probability in Load Balancing. Then, evaluate in
detail how Probability is used for each application while assessing the importance of using
Probability to those applications.

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Q: - 10)
(a)

(b)

(c)

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(d)

(e)

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Q: - 11)

Multiplying the interquartile range (IQR) by 1.5 will give us a way to determine whether a certain value is
an outlier. If we subtract 1.5 * IQR from the first quartile, any data values that are less that this number are
considered outlier.

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Q: - 12)
(a)

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(b)

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(c)

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(d)

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Q: - 13)

Hashing: - A hash function converts an item of a specific type into an integer hash value within a specified
range. String, built shader programs, files, and even directories can all be used as input.

All items must be equal to double the total number of hash values for them to collide. If M values are
hashed and the total number of potential hashes is T, the predicted number of collisions is C = M * (M – 1)
/ 2T.

The load balancing algorithm determines which of the backends’ healthy servers will be chosen to service
the client request. The following are a few examples of regularly used algorithms: Requests are dispersed
across the set of servers in a round robin fashion.

Load balancing is a term used in computing to describe the art of allocating a collection of jobs among a
set of resources to improve overall processing efficiency. Load balancing can improve response time and
prevent certain computing nods from being overloaded while others are idle.

When compared to any other data structure, hashing provides a more secure and customizable technique of
obtaining data. It is more efficient than looking for lists and arrays. Hashing can retrieve data in 1.5 probes
in the extreme range, including anything saved in a tree. Unlike other data structures, hashing does not
specify the speed.

Load balancing allows you to distribute network traffic equally to avoid failure due to resource overload.
This method boosts application, website, database, and other computer resource performance and
availability. It also aids in the timely and accurate processing of user requests.

Hashing…

h(k1)

U h(k2)
(Universe of keys)
h(k3)
K
Collision h(k4)
(Actual keys)

k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 h(k5)

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Activity 03,

Part 01,

1) Find the equation (formula) of a circle with radius r and center C (h, k) and if the Center of a circle is
at (3, -1) and a point on the circle is (-2,1) find the formula of the circle.

2) Find the equation (formula) of a sphere with radius r and center C (h, k, l) and show that x2 + y2 + z2
- 6x + 2y + 8z - 4 = 0 is an equation of a sphere. Also, find its center and radius.

3) Following figure shows a Parallelogram.

If a=(i+3j-k), b=(7i-2j+4k), find the area of the Parallelogram.

Q: - 01)

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Q: - 02)

Q: - 03)

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Part 02,

4) If 2x - 4y =3, 5y = (-3) x + 10 are two functions. Evaluate the x, y values using graphical method.

5) Evaluate the surfaces in ℝ3 that are represented by the following equations.

iii. y = 4
iv. z = 5

6) Following figure shows a Tetrahedron.

Construct an equation to find the volume of the given Tetrahedron using vector methods and if the
vectors of the Tetrahedron are a=(i+4j-2k), b=(3i-5j+k) and c=(-4i+3j+6k), find the volume of the
Tetrahedron using the above constructed equation.

Q: - 04)

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X = 2.5, Y = 0.5

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Q: - 05)

They meet in a tree-dimensional space, also we can find that meet point by: A =, /a1^2 + a2^2 + a3^2
And we can find that angle: cos a = a1/ |a|, cos b = a2/ |a|, cos c = a3/ |a|. cos^2 a + cos^2 b + cos^2 c\

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Q: - 06)

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Activity 04,

Part 01,

01) Determine the slope of the following functions.

a) f(x) = 2x – 3x4 + 5x + 8
b) f(x) = cos(2x) + 4x2 – 3

02) Let the displacement function of a moving object is S(t) = 5t3 – 3t2 + 6t. What is the function for the
velocity of the object at time t.?

Q: - 01)
(a)

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(b)

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Q: - 02)

Part 02,

03) Find the area between the two curves f(x) = 2x2 + 1 and g(x) = 8 – 2x on the interval
(-2) ≤ x ≤ 1.

04) It is estimated that t years from now the tree plantation of a certain forest will be increasing at the rate
of 3t 2 + 5t + 6 hundred trees per year. Environmentalists have found that the level of Oxygen in the
forest increases at the rate of approximately 4 units per 100 trees. By how much will the Oxygen level
in the forest increase during the next 3 years?

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Q: - 03)

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Q: - 04)

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Part 03,
05) Sketch the graph of f(x) = x5- 6x3 + 3 by applying differentiation methods for analyzing where the
graph is increasing/decreasing, local maximum/minimum points [Using the second derivative test],
concave up/down intervals with inflection points.

06) Identify the maximum and minimum points of the function f(x)= 2x3 - 4x4 + 5x2 by further
differentiation. [i.e., Justify your answer using both first derivative test and second derivative test.]

Q: - 05)

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Q: - 06)

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References…

Online: -
Discrete Random Variable and Continuous Random Variable
http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/ugh/apstat/chapternotes/7supplement.html#:~:text=A%20discrete%20variable%
20is%20a%20variable%20whose%20value%20is%20obtained%20by%20counting.&text=A%20continuous
%20variable%20is%20a%20variable%20whose%20value%20is%20obtained%20by%20measuring.&text=
A%20random%20variable%20is%20a,outcome%20of%20a%20random%20phenomenon.&text=A%20discr
ete%20random%20variable%20X%20has%20a%20countable%20number%20of%20possible%20values.
Conditional Probability
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_probability

offline: -

HND textbook for maths

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