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Types of Urban Patterns / Structures: Ar. Marirose V. Vocal, Uap, Mait

The document describes several models of urban structure and patterns: - Radial and circumferential patterns feature roads extending outward from a central point or connecting adjacent centers. Examples include Moscow and Paris. - Grid patterns feature streets intersecting at right angles, forming blocks. Benefits include democratic land distribution, infrastructure efficiency, and walkability. Examples of grid cities include ancient Rome and modern New York. - Irregular and concentric ring patterns were developed to describe less planned cities and the sorting of residents by class. The sectoral model depicts wedge-shaped growth influenced by attractive areas. - The multiple nuclei model explains postwar urban growth, with specialized centers attracting compatible activities like universities attracting schools and businesses

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Encinas, Mary Joyce M.
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55 views30 pages

Types of Urban Patterns / Structures: Ar. Marirose V. Vocal, Uap, Mait

The document describes several models of urban structure and patterns: - Radial and circumferential patterns feature roads extending outward from a central point or connecting adjacent centers. Examples include Moscow and Paris. - Grid patterns feature streets intersecting at right angles, forming blocks. Benefits include democratic land distribution, infrastructure efficiency, and walkability. Examples of grid cities include ancient Rome and modern New York. - Irregular and concentric ring patterns were developed to describe less planned cities and the sorting of residents by class. The sectoral model depicts wedge-shaped growth influenced by attractive areas. - The multiple nuclei model explains postwar urban growth, with specialized centers attracting compatible activities like universities attracting schools and businesses

Uploaded by

Encinas, Mary Joyce M.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF URBAN PATTERNS / STRUCTURES

AR. MARIROSE V. VOCAL, UAP, MAIT


TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

RADIAL
A radial concentric city plan is
formed by streets that extend
outward from a defined center and
reach the outer edge of the city,
together with concentrically
arranged roads that connect the
radial streets to the lots.

This pattern traces back to ancient


times and continues even to this
day.
SAMPLES OF RADIAL URBAN PATTERN

MOSCOW and PARIS.


TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

THE PEARL, QATAR


CIRCUMFERENTIAL

Instead of only building radial roads, circumferential


roads are established to directly connect two or more
adjacent growth nodes or centers. This strategy is
presently the official development strategy of some
cities in the country.
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

Radial and Circumferential spatial strategy is said to


hasten the decongestion of the city urban core since
two or more adjacent nodes may form a secondary
urban center complementing the high level services
provided by the core.
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

GRID

A grid plan is the first


basic plan in urban
planning. It was
developed in ancient
Greece. It is a type of
city plan in which
streets run at right
angles to each other,
forming a grid. In
ancient Rome a grid
plan method of land
measurement was
called a centuriation.
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN

1. DEMOCRATIC DISTRIBUTION OF LAND. The Hippodamian Grid


in Hellenistic planning brought the Grid pattern to primacy.

2. REGULARIZATION OF REAL ESTATE. Yields regular plots of


land in well-packed sequences, maximizing land use of blocks
and minimal conflicts over street fronts and boundaries.

3. URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE. Provides for an easy and orderly


layout of the services in the city, provision and maintenance is
thus ensured.

4. MULTIPLICITY. Provides interconnectedness. It allows for the


possibility of availing multiple routes to any destination.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN

DEMOCRATIC DISTRIBUTION OF LAND. The Hippodamian Grid in


Hellenistic planning brought the Grid pattern to primacy.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN
REGULARIZATION OF REAL ESTATE. Yields regular plots of land in
well-packed sequences, maximizing land use of blocks and minimal
conflicts over street fronts and boundaries.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE. Provides for an easy and orderly layout
of the services in the city, provision and maintenance is thus ensured.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN
MULTIPLICITY. Provides interconnectedness. It allows for the
possibility of availing multiple routes to any destination.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN

FOSTERS PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT. Frequent corners and


intersections of the grid pattern allows for the enhancement of the
pedestrian use of streets facilitated by the efficient public transport.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN
RESPONSE TO HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. The grid’s geometry of
having right angles, facilitates easy movement and safety on streets.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN
7. ORIENTATION AND WAY-FINDING. The very orderly pattern of the
Grid allows for a sense of orientation and way-finding, providing easy
and well-facilitated origin-destination situations in everyday scenarios.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN
IT IS BORING – IT IS A MYTH. It may show monotony with the
regular blocks, but the real gauge of the fascination and richness of a
place is the use, function and associated activities done there.
THE TIMES SQUARE IN NEW YORK IS GRID PATTERN, AND IT
IS FAR FROM BEING A BORING PLACE.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN

CREATION OF WALKABLE NEIGHBORHOODS. The inner


interconnectedness of streets facilitated by pedestrian-friendly
elements turn the urban realm to a walkable and safe neighborhood
and super-blocks.
THE BENEFITS OF GRID PATTERN
SUSTAINABLE: ABILITY TO ADAPT TO CHANGE. It is inherent in the grid
system to accommodate land use and functional changes, constantly and
effectively, with blocks and plots of usually equal size and shape, changes
can be plugged in to the existing infrastructure with minimal difficulties.
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

IRREGULAR
The irregular pattern model was
developed to explain urban
structure in the Third World. It
attempts to model the lack of
planning found in many rapidly built
Third World cities. This model
includes blocks with no fixed order;
urban structure is not related to an
urban center or CBD.
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

CONCENTRIC RING MODEL


The concentric ring model was postulated in 1924 by
sociologist Ernest Burgess, based on his observations of
Chicago.

It draws on human ecology theories, which compared


the city to an ecosystem, with processes of adaptation
and assimilation. Urban residents naturally sort
themselves into appropriate rings, or ecological niches,
depending on class and cultural assimilation.

The innermost ring represents the central business district


(CBD), called Zone A.
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

CONCENTRIC RING MODEL

It is surrounded by a zone of transition (B), which


contains industry and poorer-quality housing.

The third ring (C) contains housing for the working-


class—the zone of independent workers’ homes.

The fourth ring (D) has newer and larger houses


occupied by the middle-class.

The outermost ring (E), or commuter’s zone, is residential


suburbs.
Concentric Zone Model: The Concentric Ring Model described
the city as a series of concentric rings, each home to a
different group and social function.
This model’s general applicability has been
challenged. It describes an American
geography in which the inner city is poor
while suburbs are wealthy—elsewhere, the
converse is the norm. In new, western U.S.
cities such as Los Angeles, advances in
transportation and communication have
blurred these “zones. ”

Further, the model fails to account for


topographical and physical features of the
landscape. Even in Chicago, the concentric
rings were semi-circles, interrupted by Lake
Michigan.
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

SECTORAL MODEL
In 1939, the economist Homer Hoyt adapted the
concentric ring model by proposing that cities develop in
wedge-shaped sectors instead of rings.

Certain areas of a city are more attractive for various


activities, whether by chance or
geographic/environmental reasons. As these activities
flourish and expand outward, they form wedges,
becoming city sectors.

Like the concentric ring model, Hoyt’s sectoral model has


been criticized for ignoring physical features and new
transportation patterns that restrict or direct growth.
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

SECTORAL MODEL
Hoyt’s Sectoral Model of Urban Growth: In Hoyt’s model, cities
grow in wedge-shaped sectors radiating from the center.
TYPES OF URBAN PATTERN / STRUCTURES

MULTIPLE NUCLEI

The multiple nuclei model was developed in 1945 to explain city


formation after the spread of the automobile. People have
greater movement due to increased car ownership, allowing
for the specialization of regional centers.

A city contains more than one center around which activities


revolve. Some activities are attracted to particular nodes while
others try to avoid them.

For example, a university node may attract well-educated


residents, pizzerias, and bookstores, whereas an airport may
attract hotels and warehouses. Incompatible activities will
avoid clustering in the same area.
MULTIPLE NUCLEI PATTERN

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