Senior High School

Reading and Writing

Skills
Quarter 3–Module 1:
Patterns of Development in Writing
Across Disciplines

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 What I Know
Let us start this module with these short easy exercises. Try to complete this crossword puzzle using
the clues provided.

LESSON
Patterns of Development in
1 Writing Across Disciplines
Writers write for a purpose either to narrate, describe, define, classify, compare, contrast, persuade or show cause and effect
or problem-solution relationships. The selection of patterns of development in writing is dependable on the writer’s purpose.

What’s In
Complete the statements about paragraph writing from the pool of words below.

(Marish, Book festival concept illustration-a group of tiny people reading

a huge open book)

1. A ___________ is composed of sentences that are related to develop a central idea.

2. The ___________________ states the main idea of a paragraph.
3. There should be a smooth flow of connection between and among ideas and sentences in a paragraph
to achieve _____________.
4. ________________ are information and/or facts that serve as evidence, explanation or examples. They
help readers gain full understanding of the main idea.
5. It is important to select and ______________ ideas and details when writing a paragraph.

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 What’s New
Read the poem below about patterns of development in writing.

Writing needs direction before your ideas slip away

Let these patterns in writing help you, if they may

If you tell a story of what happened, narration is the way

Description is when large, sweet or soft are words you say

If you tell the meaning of a concept, term or subject

And explain what something is, definition is what you expect

Put items related in categories or groups in any way,

Classification is definitely the game you play

Stating the reason and result, that’s cause and effect

You want to convince readers? Persuasion is perfect

When there’s an issue or problem and a solution is made today

Obviously, problem- solution pattern is on display

If similarities and differences are the ideas you collect

then comparison and contrast pattern are what you reflect

These are the patterns of developing the thoughts in your head

Remember that to achieve a particular purpose in the end,

information in a written text may be organized and selected.

What is It
Writing is one basic and important skill one should have in order to communicate, whether it be for the
humanities, sciences or business. Under these various disciplines or fields where writing is required, we
need to determine which writing pattern is best to use. The Humanities may involve writing literature
reviews, book reports, literary analyses, essays, critical reviews, and argumentative papers. The Sciences
have natural, social, formal and applied science. Writing for this discipline calls for precise use of terms, simple and direct
language, objectivity and clarity. As for Business, we have memos, claim letters, economic research papers, résumés, school
application essays, scholarship application letters, and business proposals.

There are things you may want to write first before speaking since writing will give you more time to think of what
you want to say. As a student, you may have already encountered different writing tasks. By this time, you may have also
developed your own way of expressing your thoughts through writing.
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 Composing paragraphs, essays or short answers for your homework are some of the instances when you have to
write. When you write, you need to know your reason. Why do you need to write? What are you writing for? This sounds a
little difficult in the beginning. That is why it is necessary that you organize your ideas first. How do you organize your ideas?
Arranging your thoughts will depend on the purpose you have for writing, hence, there are patterns of written texts across
disciplines.

The different patterns of development of these written texts across disciplines will help you find the direction of the
thoughts and ideas you write.

Some of the patterns may have similarities and differences that distinguish one from the others. To help you tell apart a
specific pattern, look into the distinctive characteristics it has.

What’s More
Let us have a brief check. What are the patterns of development in writing mentioned in the poem?

A. List down the underlined patterns according to how they were stated in the poem.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Match the pattern of writing above with its description below.

a. It tells why something happens and what happens after. It explains how an incident or action produces results.
It is fitting for argumentation, explanation or narration. The writer may begin from the cause, followed by the
effect or from the effect, followed by the cause.

b. This presents how a thing, person or a certain subject is similar or different from another. It is concerned with
how alike (compare) or unlike (contrast) someone or something is from someone or something else.

c. It gives the meaning of an idea, concept or word and may specify certain limits of its meaning.
This is commonly used in writing scientific research or term papers.

d. This pattern aims to create a picture in the minds of the reader by using adjectives and words that appeal to the
senses. Its purpose is to help the readers imagine what the writer saw, heard, smelled, tasted, felt or experienced.

e. This is done by noting relationships among things. Particular items are placed in categories that distinguish them
from the other groups of kinds based on certain principles or bases.

f. It presents logically- arranged events which should also describe what happened and when, where, how and
why something occurred. This is usually told with action words. It should appeal to readers’ feelings and
understanding. Events are organized according to time or chronology so transitional devices used are usually first,
second, next, then, finally and others that denote time.

g. The intention of this pattern is to convince or influence the reader to do or believe in a certain idea or perception.

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h. This pattern identifies an issue or a problem and posts a suggested solution to solve it. It may be compared to cause
and effect pattern. It is different because it presents a solution to the problem while cause and effect just provides
the effects of the problem.

What I Have Learned

Writing paragraphs is easier when you know which pattern is applicable for the topic you have.
Let us recall the different patterns of development in writing across disciplines.

The diagram below describes a distinguishing characteristic of a specific pattern of development.

Can you identify the descriptions from the diagram?

What I Can Do
Now that the different patterns of development in writing texts across disciplines are familiar to you,
analyze which of them is best for the topics below. Which pattern of written text should be used
if you will write a paragraph for each topic? (ANSWERS CAN BE FOUND ON THE MAP ABOVE)

EXAMPLE: 1. Write about the types of classmates you have.

ANSWER: USES OF ADJECTIVES AND DESCRIPTIVE WORDS

2. Tell us about your happiest day.

3. Give the similarities and differences you have with your closest friend.
4. Identify a problem you experience every Sunday and give a solution for it.
5. Define petrichor.
6. Explain the reason and result of not having good study habits.
7. Make your readers approve of the importance of wearing face mask when going
out.
8. State what you saw, heard, tasted, smelled and felt the last time someone cooked
at home.
9. Discuss how this school year is the same and how different it is from the previous school year.
10. Write about one common problem of teenagers today and suggest a way to solve it.

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 Let us match the appropriate pattern of writing for each of the title of written text.

Each pattern of development in writing texts across disciplines is fit for a unique writing
situation. Choosing the appropriate writing pattern will help in organizing ideas suitable for the
paragraph to be developed.

(Marish, Book festival

concept illustration-a group
of tiny people reading a huge
open book)

Assessment
Congratulations for making it this far! You’re almost done.
Before you proceed to your next lesson, let us test your mastery. Today’s task is to
read the following paragraphs and determine which pattern of
development in writing is used.

Are you ready? Here are the paragraphs.

1. Caring for yourself during these times is also caring for others. When we are allowed to go outside our houses, we should
obey health practices. Some are skeptic about wearing masks. Others are still in doubt when asked to wash hands often
or use alcohol and sanitizer. There are also people who question the need to maintain distance from each other in public
areas. These safety measures are set because they are proven to be helpful in preventing the spread of the virus. They
are not mere wishes to make our lives difficult. We are asked to do these health protocols because we are still in danger
with the rising number of COVID-19 cases. Be responsible for yourself so that you will not be the reason for others to
catch the virus. If you care for your loved ones, you must take care of yourself first. You do not want to be the one
bringing the virus to your home.

2. The word quarantine is such a familiar one to almost everyone who are aware of the pandemic today. According to the
Merriam- Webster dictionary online, it is a noun that has several meanings. It states that it is a period of 40 days. It may
also be a term during which a ship arriving in port and suspected of carrying contagious disease is held in isolation from
the shore. Also, it means a restraint upon the activities or communication of persons or the transport of goods designed
to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is also defined as a state of enforced isolation. For us, who have been in

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 community quarantine for more or less three months, we know that quarantine means staying at home and waiting for
the situation to be better. It is a condition wherein only those who have quarantine pass are allowed to go out for
essential needs of the family. For others, the concept quarantine may also be equated to “no work, no pay” policy. Some
may define it as something needed for people who are sick or those who came from places with COVID-19 cases. On the
other hand, some probably sees quarantine as something that takes away their right to see family, relatives and friends.
To sum it up, whatever or however we understand quarantine, we need to follow it as a safety protocol since we are still
fighting this pandemic.

3. There are several similarities and differences between being a senior and junior high school student. Being a senior and
junior high school student, both require you to study hard to be able to get desirable outputs and decent grades. Subjects
are equally important to be given attention. It’s just that some subject areas may be easier to deal with depending on
different factors. The subjects in senior high school (SHS) and junior high school (JHS) differ in a way that SHS subjects
are more specific areas that are deemed essential for the track and strand you chose while in JHS, subjects are the general
ones that we have since first grade, just increasing in complexity. Another similarity is that when you enter SHS and JHS,
you have to prepare yourself to be a responsible part of the institution that you will enroll in. You should be ready to
follow the policy that the school implements. Being a “senior” high student doesn’t mean you are superior or anything
and being a “junior” high student doesn’t mean that you are under those in the SHS. The difference comes when there
may be slight changes in the way rules and regulations are applied and the gravity of reprimands you may receive as you
step up to higher grade levels or as you encounter different situations. In general, whether there are similarity or
difference in being a Senior or Junior high school student, it’s is still up to you how you will handle it.

4. The Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made people realize many things. We are faced with an
“invisible” enemy. Many usual activities that some may have taken for granted are now things we miss doing like shaking
hands or hugging our buddies. Going out is now a privilege and a great responsibility. Being at work and coming home
from work has become a battlefield. And having a stable income is a major struggle. Physical, as well as mental stress are
silently creeping in and we have to overcome them, while being a “healthy” person. All these may just be the tip of the
ice berg. There are a lot more that can be unnamed but we have to face. How do we deal with things new to everyone?
How do we fight against these? Two significant attitudes emerge from us in this unsolved puzzle resilience and
cooperation. We have proven to be resilient in times of calamities. We are still able to flash a smile despite heavy burdens.
We have come out stronger every after storm, in a literal sense or not. We are bent but not totally broken. What makes
us take in everything, both the negative and positive events is the sense of cooperation. Left and right, we see donors.
Ordinary people or the public figures go the extra mile just to share what they can. We witness neighbors and strangers
help each other in any way they can. We are in the same boat and bad news cannot stop good hearts spreading hope to
those who need it. These are why we move forward in spite of the gigantic obstacles we see ahead.

5. I have a panda-like brother. He has round, chubby face and tiny round eyes. The circles under his eyes add to that panda
look because of constantly wearing glasses. His short, flat hair that perfectly fits his round face has white and gray streaks
already because of age. His hairy arms were quite short for his size or maybe his weight makes them seem shorter than
I expect them to be. His big paw-like hands were soft and cuddly. That’s why his nephews and nieces love holding them.
He gives them big warm hugs whenever they visited him. He is one unique guy with a big heart fit for a panda-looking
bro.
6. There are several reasons why you need a good a study habit and its effects will prove it beneficial. First, a good study
habit is necessary since you are a student who aims to pass the grade level you are in. That’s one basic objective anyone
who studies has. And if you pass, most probably, you, yourself and your loved ones will be happy for the achievement.
When you pass, it will be one step making you closer to your goal. Second, a good study habit is important because you
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 want to be ready. This serves as your pre-determined plan that will help you get through your student life easier. Having
a regular review of your notes every 9 o’clock in the evening is better than cramming to read all of your notes ten minutes
before an exam. You will be able to prepare for a quiz or test; may it be a surprise or not because you habitually read
your notes. Third, setting a good study habit is the same as training your mind to work. In real life, when you have a habit
of practicing, you know how the saying goes. Practice makes perfect. If you practice good study habits, then you are more
likely to get the outcome that you expect. Who doesn’t want to see good scores on his or her papers? These are just
some of the causes and effects of having good study habit. You may discover more if you actually do it.

7. I will never forget how I learned to ride a bike. It was the summer of 2000 when our mother bought us a new bicycle. We
were all happy and excited to play outside because of the new companion. We began self- learning. We took turns in
riding the bike with the hope that I will learn first. Our friends had bicycles too so it was some kind of a competition who
will be able to get the right balance first. To cut the story short, I won the unofficial contest of knowing how to ride the
bike without training wheels. How did I do it? Thanks to the angry dogs in our neighborhood. They were determined to
teach me drive the bike so fast that I forgot I didn’t know how to.

8. There are three classifications of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases according to the situation report – 101 of
the World Health Organization (WHO) which was based on data from national authorities on April 30, 2020. These are
suspect case, probable case and confirmed case. First, a person is categorized under the suspect case if he or she has
acute respiratory illness, that is, having fever and at least one respiratory disease symptom like cough or shortness of
breath, and a travel history to or residence in a place where community transmission of COVID-19 is reported during the
14 days preceding the start of showing signs. In addition, a patient is also a suspect case if he or she has any acute
respiratory illness and had contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom
onset. Lastly, one is considered a suspect case is he or she has severe acute respiratory illness, with fever and at least
one sign of respiratory disease such as cough or shortness of breath to the extent that the person requires hospitalization,
and when there is no alternative diagnosis that fully explains the condition. Second, a patient is a classified as probable
case if he or she is a suspect case but the result of testing for the COVID-19 virus is inconclusive or questionable which
should be reported by the laboratory. Another situation a patient is a probable case is when a suspect case could not
undergo testing for COVID-19 for whatever reason. Third, a person is a confirmed case if he or she has a laboratory
confirmation of COVID-19 infection, regardless of clinical signs and symptoms.

Amazing! Great reading you have there.

Now, this part will test your reading skills by distinguishing the pattern of written
text as described.
1. This pattern helps the reader to create a picture as the writer provides details, sharing his or her experience about a
particular topic.
2. It discusses an issue or problem, sometimes involving its root cause with the aim of citing a solution or proposing a
resolution to it.
3. With this pattern, you may see a chain of connected occurrences and how something may happen as a consequence of
a preceding one. It poses the cause and result of an action or an incident.
4. The main purpose of this pattern is to bring the readers to agree on an idea or thought the writer suggests as true and
correct. Its goal is to convince the readers to believe on or do something.
5. This pattern gives a concept, idea or term clarity by providing its meaning and some limiting or distinguishing
characteristics that sets it apart from other concepts, ideas or terms.
6. It is a pattern used to tell about a significant human experience in chronological order. If one wants to relate events
about an event or episode in one’s life, this pattern is appropriate.
7. This pattern features items or subjects that are put into groups or categories based on identifying characteristics that
set them to belong into a particular classification.
~~END~~