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Differential - Equations Lecture Notes 05 PDF

This document discusses Clairaut's form of differential equations. It defines Clairaut's equation as a differential equation of the form y = px + f(p), where p = dy/dx. It then shows how to solve such an equation by differentiating with respect to x and eliminating p to obtain the complete primitive solution or a singular solution. An example of solving the equation y = px + 1/2p^2 is provided to illustrate the process.

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82 views

Differential - Equations Lecture Notes 05 PDF

This document discusses Clairaut's form of differential equations. It defines Clairaut's equation as a differential equation of the form y = px + f(p), where p = dy/dx. It then shows how to solve such an equation by differentiating with respect to x and eliminating p to obtain the complete primitive solution or a singular solution. An example of solving the equation y = px + 1/2p^2 is provided to illustrate the process.

Uploaded by

Alkgema Stores
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Semester - 1, 2016

Differential Equations
MAT112δ

Professor Jayantha Pasdunkorale


[email protected]

2.5.3 Clairaut’s Form

• A differential equation of the form

y  px  f ( p );
dy
where p 
dx
is called Clairaut’s equation.

1
Semester - 1, 2016

We can solve an equation like this as


follows:
y  px  f ( p );
By differentiating w.r.t x, we get
dy dp dp
 px  f ' ( p)
dx dx dx
dp dp
p  px  f ' ( p)
dx dx

dp
x  f ' ( p)   0
dx
dp
 0 or  x  f ' ( p)   0
dx
dp
if  0 then
dx
p  c (const )

2
Semester - 1, 2016

Substituting this in the equation, we have

y  cx  f (c).
This is the complete primitive.

If x  f ' ( p)  0
x   f ' ( p)...............(1)
y  px  f ( p ).........( 2)

By eliminating p from these two equations, we


obtain another solution.

This is called a singular solution.

3
Semester - 1, 2016

Example : Solve
1 2
y  px  p .
2
dy dp dp
 px p
dx dx dx
dp
( x  p) 0
dx

dp x  p   0
 0 or
dx
dp
if  0 then
dx
p  c (const )
 the complete primitive is
y  cx  12 c 2 ,

4
Semester - 1, 2016

which gives a family of straight lines.


C=2

C=1

C=0

If x  p   0 then
p  x
From the given equation
21 2 1
y  x  x   x2
2 2
This is the singular solution.

5
Semester - 1, 2016

Y=-x2/2

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