Exploring

Science
Workboo
k
Junior Certificate Science

Michael O’Callaghan
Seamus Reilly
Aidan Seery

THE EDUCATIONAL COMPANY

First published 2007
The Educational Company of Ireland
Ballymount Road
Walkinstown
Dublin 12

A trading unit of the Smurfit Kappa Group

© 2007 Michael O’Callaghan, Seamus Reilly, Aidan Seery

Typesetting and layout: DTP Workshop

Artwork: Daghda
 Contents
Mandatory Activity Contents.............................................................iv
Introduction......................................................................................... vi

BIOLOGY 1 Living Things......................................................................................... 1

2 Cells and the Microscope.....................................................................7
3 Food..................................................................................................... 11
4 Digestion and Enzymes......................................................................17
5 Respiration and the Breathing System..............................................21
6 The Circulatory System.....................................................................25
7 Excretion............................................................................................. 29
8 The Skeletal and Muscular Systems.................................................32
9 The Sensory System............................................................................35
10 The Reproductive System..................................................................38
11 Genetics............................................................................................... 41
12 Structure and Transport in Flowering Plants...................................44
13 Photosynthesis and Plant Responses.................................................48
14 Plant Reproduction.............................................................................54
15 Ecology................................................................................................60
16 Microbiology and Biotechnology......................................................66

17 States of Matter.................................................................................... 69
CHEMISTRY

18 Separating Mixtures...........................................................................72
19 Classification of Substances................................................................77
20/21 Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table........................................80
20 Atomic Structure (Higher level only)...............................................82
21 The Periodic Table (Higher level only)............................................85
22 Chemical Bonding (Higher level only).............................................87
23 Metals and Non-metals......................................................................89
24 Acids and Bases................................................................................... 95
25 Chemical Reactions..........................................................................101
26 The Atmosphere................................................................................104
27 Water................................................................................................. 113
28 Solutions and Crystallisation...........................................................117
29 Water Hardness.................................................................................121
30 Fossil Fuels.........................................................................................125
31 Plastics............................................................................................... 128

32 Measurement.....................................................................................131
PHYSICS

33 Density and Flotation.......................................................................133

34 Motion............................................................................................... 138
35 Force and Motion.............................................................................140
36 Turning Effect of Forces, Levers (Higher level only).....................143
37 Pressure............................................................................................. 145
38 Work, Energy and Power.................................................................148
39 Heat and Heat Transfer....................................................................152
40 Light................................................................................................... 159
41 Sound................................................................................................ 164
42 Magnetism......................................................................................... 166
43 Static and Current Electricity..........................................................168
44 Uses and Effects of Electricity...........................................................173
45 Electronics.........................................................................................176
iii
 Mandatory Activity
Contents
1 To investigate the variety of living things by direct observation

BIOLOGY
of plants and animals in their environment (OB39)..........................5
2 To prepare a slide from plant tissue and draw it as seen under a
microscope (OB44)............................................................................10
3A To test a food for starch (OB3).........................................................14
3B To test a food for reducing (or simple) sugar (OB3).......................14
3C To test a food for fat (OB3)...............................................................15
3D To test a food for protein (OB3).......................................................15
4 To investigate the conversion of the chemical energy in food into
heat energy (OB5)..............................................................................16
5 To investigate the action of amylase on starch (OB8).....................20
6 To compare the carbon dioxide levels of inhaled and exhaled air
(OB11)................................................................................................ 23
7 To show that starch is made by a plant in photosynthesis
(OB49)................................................................................................ 52
8 To investigate the conditions necessary for germination
(OB58)................................................................................................ 58
9A To study a local habitat, using appropriate instruments and
simple keys to show the variety and distribution of
named
organisms (OB59)..............................................................................64
9B Using a quadrat to estimate the number and distribution of
plants in a habitat (OB59)..................................................................64
9C Using a line transect to estimate the number and distribution of
plants in a habitat (OB59)...............................................................64
10 To investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
(OB65)................................................................................................ 68

11A To separate soil and water (OC2)......................................................75

CHEMISTRY

11B To separate salt and water through evaporation (OC2)...................75

11C To separate water and salt through distillation (OC2).....................75
11D To separate the dyes in water-soluble markers (OC2).....................76
12 To investigate the conditions necessary for rusting to occur
(OC46)................................................................................................ 93
13 To investigate the pH of a variety of substances using the pH
scale (OC19).......................................................................................98
14 To titrate HCl against NaOH and form sodium chloride
(OC38)................................................................................................ 98
15 To investigate the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid
(OC51).............................................................................................. 100
16A To show that approximately one-fifth of air is oxygen (OC22)....108
16B To show that air contains carbon dioxide (OC22).........................109
16C To show there is water vapour in air (OC22).................................109
17 To prepare and examine oxygen gas (OC24).................................110
18 To prepare and examine carbon dioxide gas (OC27)....................111
19 To examine the preparation and formation of copper sulfate
crystals (or aluminium sulfate crystals) (OC17)............................120
20A To test for water hardness (OC30)..................................................124
20B To show the presence of dissolved substances in a water sample
(OC30).............................................................................................. 124

iv
 21A To determine the density of a rectangular block of material

PHYSICS
(OP2)................................................................................................. 136
21B To find the density of an irregular solid (OP2)..............................136
21C To find the density of a liquid (OP2)..............................................137
22 To investigate the relationship between the extension in a spring
and the restoring force (OP6)..........................................................142
23A Converting electrical energy to magnetic energy to kinetic
energy (OP20)...................................................................................150
23B Converting light energy to electrical energy to kinetic energy
(OP20)............................................................................................... 151
23C Converting chemical energy to electrical energy to heat energy
(OP20)............................................................................................... 151
24A To investigate the expansion and contraction of solids when
heated and cooled (OP23)................................................................155
24B To investigate the expansion and contraction of liquids when
they are heated and cooled (OP23).................................................156
24C To investigate the expansion and contraction of gases when
they are heated and cooled (OP23).................................................156
25A To show the transfer of heat energy by conduction (OP31)..........157
25B To demonstrate the transfer of heat by convection in water
(OP31)............................................................................................... 157
25C To show the transfer of heat by radiation of heat from two
different surfaces (OP31)..................................................................158
25D To investigate the transfer of heat in water by conduction
(OP31)............................................................................................... 158
26 To show that light travels in straight lines (OP34)........................162
27A To investigate the reflection of light by a plane mirror (OP38)....162
27B To demonstrate the operation of a simple periscope (OP38)........163
28 To plot the magnetic field of a bar magnet (OP46).......................167
29 To test the electrical conduction of various materials (OP49)......170
30 To establish the relationship between current, potential
difference and resistance in part of a circuit (OP50).....................171

v
 Introduction

The questions in this workbook are designed for use indicated by a colour band in the margin. The
with the Junior Certificate Science (revised syllabus) Theory Questions feature a simple marking scheme to
course. The workbook complements Edco’s Exploring enable them to be used as class tests – There are 10
Science (Revised Edition) textbook and Science marks for each of the 10 questions.
Experiment Book. Together, these three books provide
The workbook can be used in three ways.
comprehensive coverage of the course.
• As homework, or in class, to reinforce what
The Theory Questions in this workbook will prepare
was learned in a chapter
students for the written examination (worth 65% of
the overall marks). Some questions on the prescribed • As homework, or in class, to revise a chapter
practical work are also included. In order to avoid
confusion, the inclusive term ‘activity’ is used in this • As short, easily corrected chapter tests
book to refer to both experiments and investigations.
The chapters in this workbook correspond with the
sequence of chapters in the revised edition of the
textbook. The Theory Questions are suited to both the
ordinary level and higher level courses unless
otherwise indicated. Where a question is accompanied
by an asterix * , a higher level alternative follows
question 10. The questions for higher level only are

vi
Chapter 1
Ordinary & higher level
Living Things
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 1 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

BIOLOGY
1 Name five of the characteristics of living things.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

2 Relate each of the processes in the box to one of the following.

Uses oxygen Allows plants to grow towards light

Removes wastes
Getting food Forming new cells

(a) Nutrition

(b) Response

(c) Growth

(d) Respiration

(e) Excretion
5(2)

3
Photosynthesis Absence of cell wallMove rapidly
Chlorophyll
Take in food Vacuoles Non-green

(a) Name three of the features in the box that are associated with
plants.

(i)

(ii)
3(2)
(iii)

(b) Name two of the features in the box that are associated with animals.

(i)
(ii) 2(2)
1
 Chapter 1 Living Things Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 (a) Name the structures labelled on the diagram.

A
BIOLOGY

B
C 3(2)

(b) Name two structures shown on the diagram which allow you to say that this is a plant cell.

(i)
(ii) 2(2)

5 (a) List the invertebrates shown in the diagram below.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v) 5(1)
2
Chapter 1 Living Things Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

(b) List the vertebrates shown in the previous diagram.

(vi)

(vii)

BIOLOGY
(viii)

(ix) 5(1)

(x)

6 (a) Use the key given below to name organism X shown in the diagram.

1 Attached to rocks or similar 2

Free moving 8

2 Worm-like (tubular) 6
Not worm-like 3

3 Cone-shaped, single shell Limpet

More than one shell 4

4 Six shell plates in pyramid Barnacle

Eight shell plates Chiton

Name of organism X (5)

(b) List the numbered points you followed on the key to name organism
X.
(5)

7 (a) What chemical causes plants to be green?

(b) Animals get their food by .

(c) Plants make food by the process of .

(d) Plants make food using ,

and water. 5(2)

8
Able to move from place to place
Have a cell wall Do not have a cell wall
Make their own food Are green in colour

Associate each of the terms in the box with either a plant or an animal.
Plant:

Animal:

5(2)

3
 Chapter 1 Living ThingsEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

9 Keys are designed to living things. (10)

10 Say if the following are true or false.

(a) Vertebrates are animals.

BIOLOGY

(b) Invertebrates make their own food.

(c) Vertebrates have cell walls.

(d) Invertebrates have backbones.

(e) Vertebrates are larger than invertebrates. 5(2)

4
 Chapter 1 Living Things Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 1 Questions

To investigate the variety of living things by direct observation of plants

and animals in their environment (Textbook page 6)

BIOLOGY
1 Name the environment in which you carried out your observations in this activity.

2 Name three plants you observed.

(a)

(b)

(c)

3 Name three animals you observed.

(a)

(b)

(c)

4 Suggest one reason why it is easier to observe plants rather than animals in

most environments.

5 Name the biggest animal you observed.

6 Name the smallest animal you observed.

To classify living organisms as plants and animals

1 Name one plant and one animal that you observed.

Plant
Animal

5
 Chapter 1 Living ThingsEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

State two features of the named plant that indicated to you that it was a plant.
BIOLOGY

State two features of the named animal that indicated to you that it was an animal.

To classify animals as vertebrates or invertebrates

1 Describe the differences between vertebrates and invertebrates in terms of:

(a) a backbone

(b) their size

2 Name two animals you classified as vertebrates.

(a)

(b)

3 Name two animals you classified as invertebrates.

(a)

(b)

6
Chapter 2 Cells and the Microscope
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 2 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

BIOLOGY
1 The diagram represents an animal cell.

(a) Name the labelled structures.

A
B
C 3(2)

(b) Which labelled structure:

(i) is responsible for controlling the cell?

(ii) consists of a watery liquid?

2(2)

2 Arrange the words in the box into the correct order, starting with the simplest.

System
Organ
Cell
Organism
Tissue

(10)

3 (a) Name an animal tissue.

(b) Name a process that occurs in plants but not in animals.

(c) Name an animal organ.

(d) Name an organ found in plants.

(e) Name an organism.

5(2)
7
 Chapter 2 Cells and the Microscope Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 (a) Name the labelled parts on the diagram of a microscope.

A
BIOLOGY

B
C
D
E 5(1)

(b) On the microscope the structure labelled A

is marked x10 and the structure labelled B
is marked x20. State the total
magnification produced.
(5)

5 Give a reason for each of the following.

(a) Placing a slide in the centre of the microscope stage.

(b) Clips may be found on the microscope stage.

2(5)

6 You are preparing a slide of plant tissue for viewing under a

microscope. Answer each of the following.
(a) Name the source of the plant tissue you would use.

(b) Why do you not use the coarse focus knob when the high power objective lens is

in place?
2(5)

7 Give one reason for each of the following.

(a) There is more than one lens on the nosepiece of a microscope.

(b) A cover slip is lowered onto a microscope slide at an angle.

2(5)

8
 Chapter 2 Cells and the Microscope Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

8 The diagrams represent an animal and a plant cell as seen under a microscope.

BIOLOGY
(a) Name the structures labelled on the diagrams.
A B 2(3)

(b) Which cell is the plant cell (X or Y)? (2)

(c) Name one structure visible on the plant cell that is not present in the animal cell.
(2)

9 When using a microscope the following procedures are carried out, but not in this order.
A. Use the coarse focus knob.

B. Turn on the light or adjust the mirror.

C. Draw a diagram of what you see.
D. Clip the slide into place.
E. Use the fine focus knob.
Rewrite the letters in the order in which the events should take place.
(10)

10 Name five structures or processes in the box that are common to all cells.

Cell membrane Cell wall Chloroplast Vacuole

Nucleus Genes Cytoplasm Chlorophyll Respiration

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

9
 Chapter 2 Cells and the Microscope Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 2 Questions

To prepare a slide from plant tissue and draw it as seen under a microscope
(Textbook page 13)
BIOLOGY

1 Name the plant you used in this activity.

2 (a) Did you use a stain on the plant tissue?

(b) If you did use a stain, name it.

3 What magnification did you first use to view the tissue in this activity?

4 State any other magnification you used to view the plant tissue.

5 State any one precaution you took to prevent damaging the slide.

6 Why might you have had to move the slide when it was on the microscope stage?

7 Draw a diagram (including two labels) of what you saw under the microscope.

10
Chapter 3
Ordinary & higher level
Food
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 3 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

BIOLOGY
1 Name five of the six parts (or constituents) of a balanced diet.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v) 5(2)

2
Orange juice Milk Bran flakesChicken breast
Brown bread Cake CrispsApple

Choose a food from the box above that is a good source of each of the following:

(a) Protein

(b) Starch

(c) Fibre

(d) A named vitamin: Vitamin Source

(e) A named mineral: Mineral name Source 5(2)

3 The amount of energy in two different meals is shown below.

Meal X Meal Y

Cod 300 kJ Sausage 500 kJ

Salad 20 kJ Chips 1 000 kJ

Yoghurt 5 kJ Fried egg 650 kJ

Bread and margarine 400 kJ Beans 200 kJ

Milk 100 kJ Tea and milk 50 kJ

(a) What is the total energy value of meal X?

(2)
(b) What is the total energy value of meal Y?
(2)
(c) Name one good source of fibre in meal Y.
(2)
(d) Give two reasons why meal X is the healthier meal.
(i)
(ii) 2(2)
11
 Chapter 3 FoodEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 Select the group from each of the following pairs that needs more food in their
diet.

(a) Young people or old people.

(b) Active people or inactive people.

BIOLOGY

(c) Healthy people or sick people.

(d) Boys or girls.

5(2)
(e) Sports players or non-sports players.

5 (a) What substance is used to test for the presence of starch?

(b) What colour is this substance in the absence of starch?

(c) What colour is this substance in the presence of starch?

(d) Is heat needed for this test?

(e) Circle the food from the following list that is a good source of
starch.
Fish Oil Ice cream Table sugar Pasta Butter 5(2)

6 Name the two chemicals used to test a food sample for the presence of protein.
and 2(5)

7 The diagram shows the apparatus used

to investigate the conversion of X
energy in food into another form of
energy.
Y
(a) Name the pieces of
apparatus labelled X and Y.
Z
X
2(2)
Y
(b) Name the substance labelled Z.

Z (2)
(c) In what form is the energy in food?

(2)

(d) To what form of energy is the

energy in the food converted?

(2)
12
Chapter 3 Food Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

8 A piece of food was rubbed in brown paper and it produced a stain that would not dry
out. A small piece of the same food was dissolved in water and heated with Benedict’s
solution, which turned a deep red colour.
(a) Name the two food types in the piece of food.

BIOLOGY
2(2)

(b) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use to carry out the test

using Benedict’s solution. (4)

(c) What colour is Benedict’s solution before it is added to a food sample?

(2)

9 Choose a food from the list in the box that is needed for each of the following.

Yoghurt Orange Chocolate Fish Butter

(a) Healthy bones

(b) Energy

(c) Body insulation

(d) Growth and repair of cells

(e) Healthy skin 5(2)

13
 Chapter 3 FoodEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

10
Fruit Dairy product Biscuits Meat/Fish Cereals/bread/potatoes

Using your knowledge of the food pyramid, state which of the foods in the box

should be eaten as follows:

BIOLOGY

(a) six servings a day (3)

(b) two servings a day (3)

(c) rarely (4)

Mandatory Activity 3A Questions

To test a food for starch (Textbook page 20)

1 Name two foods that you tested in this activity that contained starch.

and

2 Name the substance you used in this activity to test a food for starch.

3 State the colour change that tells you starch is present.

The colour turns from to .

Mandatory Activity 3B Questions

To test a food for reducing (or simple) sugar (Textbook page 20)

1 Name the food or foods you tested in this activity.

2 Name the substance you used in this activity to show that reducing sugar was present.

3 State the colour change that told you reducing sugar was present.

The colour turns from to .

14
 Chapter 3 Food Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus

you used to test a food for reducing

sugar.

BIOLOGY
Mandatory Activity 3C Questions
To test a food for fat (Textbook page 21)

1 Name two foods you tested for fat in this activity.

and

2 Name the material you used to test food for fat in this activity.

3 How could you tell if fat was in the food you tested?

4 Name a food you tested that did not contain any fat.

Mandatory Activity 3D Questions

To test a food for protein (Textbook page 21)

1 Name two foods you tested for protein in this activity.

and

2 (a) Name the first chemical you used to test food for protein in this activity.

(b) What colour was this chemical?

15
 Chapter 3 Food Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

3 (a) Name the second chemical you used to test food for protein in this activity.

(b) What colour was this chemical?

BIOLOGY

4 What colour did you see when these two chemicals were added to a food containing

protein?

Mandatory Activity 4 Questions

To investigate the conversion of chemical energy in food into heat energy
(Textbook page 22)

1 How did you get the food you used in this activity to light?

2 Suggest one reason why you should only use a small amount of water in the test tube in

this activity, rather than a large amount.

3 Write out the result you recorded in this activity (naming the units used to measure the

result).

4 Approximately how long did it take for the piece of food to burn out?

16
 Chapter 4
Ordinary & higher level
Digestion and Enzymes
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 4 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

BIOLOGY
1 Complete the following:

(a) Digestion is the down of .

(b) An enzyme is a that speeds up

in the body without being up. 5(2)

2 Name the parts of the digestive system shown in the diagram.

A
B
C
D
E 5(2)

* 3 (a) Rewrite the words in the box in the order in which food passes through
the digestive system.

Stomach Rectum Large intestine Oesophagus Mouth

(10)

4 (a) The names of the four types of tooth are:

, 4(2)

(b) Name the type of teeth used to grip and tear food.
(2)

5 (a) Name an enzyme.

(b) Name one place where this enzyme is produced.

(c) Name the substance this enzyme acts on.

17
 Chapter 4 Digestion and Enzymes Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

(d) Name the substance formed by the action of this enzyme.

(e) Name a chemical that could be used to show the presence of the substance
BIOLOGY

formed by the action of this enzyme.

5(2)

6 1. Forms faeces 2. Contains acid 3. Stores faeces

4. Physical digestion 5. Connects mouth to stomach

6. Allows digested food to enter the bloodstream

Write the number of the function carried out by each of the following
parts (the first example is done for you).
Rectum 3 Oesophagus Mouth
Stomach
Large intestine Small intestine 5(2)

7 The following processes occur during human feeding, but not in this order.

A. Food is used by the body.

B. Food is digested.

C. Food is carried in the blood to all parts of the body.

D. Waste is released from the digestive system.

E. Food enters the mouth.

Write out the letters in the correct order in which they take place.

(10)

8 When investigating the action of amylase on starch, state:

(a) from where you got the amylase

(b) the temperature of the water bath

2(5)

* 9 (a) Name the type of tooth found between the canines.

(b) Name a type of tooth used to chew food.

2(5)
18
 Chapter 4 Digestion and Enzymes Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

10 (a) Name the substance used to show the presence of

starch.
(3)

(b) Name the substance used to show the presence of simple

sugar.

BIOLOGY
(3)

(c) State one difference between an enzyme and a catalyst.

(4)

Higher level only

3 (a) Name a substance formed in the liver.

(a) State the function of this substance.

2(5)

9 (a) Name the type of tooth found between the

canines.
(3)

(b) Name a type of tooth used to chew food.

(3)

(c) What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive

system?
(4)
19
 Chapter 4 Digestion and EnzymesEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 5 Questions

To investigate the action of amylase on starch(Textbook page 27)

To carry out this activity two test tubes of a starch solution were placed in a beaker of hot water.
What colour is starch?
BIOLOGY

How did you make up a starch solution in this activity?

3 How much starch solution did you add to each test tube?

4 Saliva was added to one test tube. What was added to the second test tube?

5 What temperature was the water in the beaker?

6 How long did you leave the test tubes before testing their contents?

7 What chemical did you use to test for the action of the enzyme?

8 What colour did this chemical turn when you added:

(a) some of the solution that contained saliva

(b) some of the second solution

9 State the conclusion you reached in your investigation.

20
Chapter 5 Respiration and the
Breathing System
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)
Ordinary & higher level

Chapter 5 Theory Questions

BIOLOGY
Name: Date:

1 Name the parts of the breathing system labelled on the diagram.

A
B
C
D
E 5(2)

2 (a) Name the gas that is taken in during breathing and used by the body.

(b) Name one gas, which is a waste product, that the body gets rid of by breathing.

2(5)

3 (a) The structure labelled A in the diagram above is made of rings of what material?

(b) Why are these rings necessary?

2(5)

4 (a) State the function of the lungs.

(b) Name the muscles located between the ribs which help to get air in and out of the lungs.

2(5)

21
 Chapter 5 Respiration and the Breathing SystemEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 Use the figures in the box to answer each of the

following.
78% 0.04% 21% 4% 16%

(a) State the % of carbon dioxide breathed in.

BIOLOGY

(b) State the % of oxygen breathed in.

(c) State the % of nitrogen breathed in and out.

(d) State the % of carbon dioxide breathed out at rest.

(e) State the % of oxygen breathed out at rest.

5(2)

6 Give a reason for doing each of the following when investigating the effect of
exercise on the rate of breathing.
(a) Using a watch or stopwatch.

(3)

(b) Counting the number of breaths or inhalations a few times.

(3)

(c) Counting the number of breaths or inhalations after exercising.

(4)

7 State two ways in which smoking can damage your health.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

8 (a) Name the substance used to show the presence of carbon

dioxide.
(4)

(b) State the colour of this substance when carbon dioxide is not
present.
(3)

(c) State the colour of this substance when carbon dioxide is

present.
(3)
22
 Chapter 5 Respiration and the Breathing System Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

9 Fill in the missing words in the following:

(a) Respiration is the release of from

. The end products of this reaction are and

BIOLOGY
.

(b) In respiration oxygen is used. 5(2)

10 (a) Name one living thing that uses oxygen for respiration.

(b) Name one living thing that does not use oxygen for respiration.

2(5)

Mandatory Activity 6 Questions

To compare the carbon dioxide levels of inhaled and exhaled air (Textbook page 36)

The apparatus shown below was used to compare the carbon dioxide levels of
inhaled and exhaled air.

1 (a) Name the liquid you used in each of the test tubes in this activity.

(b) State the colour of this liquid at the start of the activity.

23
 Chapter 5 Respiration and the Breathing System Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

2 Why should you not breathe in through tubes 2 or 3?

BIOLOGY

3 Why should the stoppers be firmly in place?

4 Why should you not breathe out through tubes 1 or 4?

5 If you inhale through tube 1, which tube should you exhale through?

6 In which test tube (A or B) did the liquid change colour first in this activity?

7 What colour did the liquid turn in this activity?

8 Why did the liquid in the two test tubes not change colour at the same time?

24
Chapter 6 The Circulatory System
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 6 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

BIOLOGY
1
Plasma White blood cells Red blood cells Platelets
Match up a part of blood from the box with each of the following
(note that one of the parts can be used twice in your answers).
(a) Liquid part of blood

(b) Transports oxygen

(c) Helps clot the blood

(d) Fights infection

(e) Is not made in bone marrow

5(2)

2 The function of haemoglobin is to transport a gas.

(a) Name this gas.

(b) State a location in the body where this gas enters the blood.

(c) State a location in the body where this gas leaves the blood.

(d) Name the mineral needed to make haemoglobin.

(e) State one effect on the body of a lack of haemoglobin.

5(2)

3 The diagram shows two different types of blood vessels.

(a) Name the type of vessel shown in diagram A.

(b) What is the function of the vessel shown in diagram A?

2(5)
25
 Chapter 6 The Circulatory System Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 4 (a) Name the parts labelled A, B and C on the diagram of the heart.

E
A
BIOLOGY

A B
D

(b) Does the blood in structure D have a high or low concentration of oxygen?

(c) To what organ is the blood in E flowing?

5(2)

5 (a) Name a good place in the body to find a pulse.

(3)

(b) Which of the following is the average pulse rate of an adult at rest?

52 64 70 94 102

(3)

(c) Name one factor that can cause our pulse rate to increase.

(4)

6 (a) What is the function of the heart?

(3)

(b) Name the type of muscle of which the heart is made.

(3)

(c) Which chamber in the heart has the thickest walls?

(4)

26
 Chapter 6 The Circulatory System Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

7 Give a reason for the following.

(a) The atria have thinner walls than the ventricles.

BIOLOGY
(b) The right ventricle has a thinner wall than the left ventricle.

2(5)

* 8 State two reasons why exercise is good for the

heart.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

9 Say whether each of the following relate to red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets.

(a) have no definite shape

(b) are round in shape

(c) make antibodies

(d) help to reduce loss of blood at a cut

(e) help to supply us with energy

5(2)

10 Refer to the diagram below.

(a) Name the type of blood vessel shown in the diagram.

(2)

(b) Name the structure labelled A.

(2)

(c) What is the function of the structure labelled A?

(3)

(d) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of blood flow. (3)
27
 Chapter 6 The Circulatory System Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

4 Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J on the diagram of the heart.

E A
BIOLOGY

A
H B
B
C
F I
D

E
J
F
C G
G H
D
I
J 10(1)

8 Name the blood vessel in each of the following cases that:

(a) carries blood from the heart to the lungs

(b) carries blood from the heart to the body

(c) carries blood from the body to the heart

(d) connects the lungs to the heart and carries oxygen-rich blood

(e) takes blood away from the left ventricle

5(2)

28
 Chapter 7
Ordinary & higher level
Excretion
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 7 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

BIOLOGY
1 Complete the spaces in the following passage.

“Excretion is the of
products of reactions in the . Two organs of excretion
are the and the .“ 5(2)

2 Name three substances excreted by the body.

(a)

(b)

(c) (3,3,4)

3 (a) Name the parts labelled on the diagram of the urinary system.

B
C
D

(b) Name the liquid that collects in structure C. 5(2)

* 4 State the functions of each of the following.

(a) The kidneys.

(4)

(b) The bladder.

(3)

(c) The renal arteries.

(3)
29
 Chapter 7 Excretion Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 5 Urea is a waste product.

(a) From what type of food is urea made?

(b) Where in the body is urea made? 2(5)

BIOLOGY

* 6 Name two of the materials of which urine is made.

and 2(5)

* 7 Name one substance that is normally present in the renal artery but not
present in the renal vein. (10)

* 8 Name one substance that is normally present in the renal artery and is also
present in the renal vein. (10)

9 Name one substance that is normally present in the renal artery and is also
present in urine. (10)

10 The urethra emerges through the in males and through

the in females. 2(5)

Higher level only

4 State the functions of each of the following.

(a) The kidneys.

(b) The bladder.

(c) The renal arteries.

(d) The renal veins.

(e) The ureters.

5(2)

5 Urea is a waste product.

(a) From what type of food is urea made?

(b) Where in the body is urea made?

(c) Where in the body does urea enter the blood?

(d) Where in the body does urea leave the blood?

(e) In what form does urea leave the body?

5(2)
30
Chapter 7 Excretion Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 In the kidneys filtration and reabsorption take place.

(a) Name two substances that are filtered from the blood in the
kidneys.
2(3)
and

BIOLOGY
(b) Name one substance that is reabsorbed into the blood in the
kidneys.
(4)

7 (a) Name one substance that is normally present in the renal artery but not

present in the renal vein. (5)

(b) Name one substance that is normally present in the renal artery and is also

present in the renal vein. (5)

8 (a) Name two substances excreted by the skin.

and 2(3)

(b) Name the openings in the skin through which sweat emerges.

(4)
31
 Chapter 8 The Skeletal and Muscular
Ordinary & higher level
Systems
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 8 Theory Questions

BIOLOGY

Name: Date:

1 State two functions of the

skeleton.
(a)

(b) 2(5)

2 Name a mineral and a vitamin that are needed for healthy bones.
Mineral Vitamin 2(5)

* 3 Name the bones that:

(a) protect the lungs (3)

(b) surround the brain

(3)

(c) make up the spine

(4)

4 Name the bones labelled on the diagram of the skeleton.

A
B
C
D
E 5(2)
32
 Chapter 8 The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 Horse Dandelion Jellyfish Crab

Look at the list of living things above. Match the living things with the correct
statement(s) below. (Note: A living thing may match more than one statement.)

BIOLOGY
(a) Has cell walls.

(b) Has no cell walls.

(c) An animal with no skeleton.

(d) An animal with an external skeleton.

(e) A animal with an internal skeleton. 5(2)

* 6 A joint is where two meet.

The is an example of a fixed or non-moving joint. 2(5)

* 7 (a) Name a muscle in the arm.

(b) What happens to the lower arm when the muscle you named contracts?

2(5)

8 Muscles are attached to on either side of a

.
Muscles cause bones to move when they . (3, 3, 4)

* 9 Plants do not have bony skeletons because their cells are surrounded by
made of 2(5)

* 10 Give one function for each of the following:

(a) Muscles and joints

(b) Vertebrae 2(5)

Higher level only

3 Name the bone(s) that:

(a) protect the lungs

(b) surround the brain

(c) make up the spine

(d) connect the shoulder and elbow

(e) is parallel to the tibia

5(2)

33
 Chapter 8 The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Name the bones in the arm that are equivalent to the following bones in the leg.

(a) Tibia
(b) Femur 2(5)

7 (a) Name an antagonistic pair of muscles in the arm.

BIOLOGY

2(2)

(b) Which of these muscles:

(i) raises the forearm?

(ii) is contracted when the arm is straight?

(iii) is stronger?
3(2)

9 Joints can be classified as fixed, ball and socket or hinge joints. Which type of joint is
each of the following?
(a) Knee

(b) Elbow

(c) Skull

(d) Hip

(e) Shoulder
5(2)

10 Give one function for each of the following.

(a) Muscles and joints

(b) Vitamin D

(c) Ligament

(d) Tendon

(e) Cartilage
5(2)
34
 Chapter 9
Ordinary & higher level
The Sensory System
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 9 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

BIOLOGY
1 Name the sense organs responsible for each of the following:

(a) Taste

(b) Sight

(c) Smell

(d) Touch

(e) Hearing
5(2)

2 Name the two parts of the central nervous system.

and 2(5)

3 The following are what happen when we react to hearing a command.

However, the events are not listed in the correct order.

A. The brain interprets the message.

B. We detect the stimulus.

C. A message is carried to our brain.

D. A message is carried from the brain.

E. We carry out a response.

Rewrite the letters in the correct order in which they occur. (10)

* 4 In what form are messages carried in the nervous system?

(10)

5 Name the parts labelled on the diagram of the eye.

A
B
C
D
E 5(2)
35
 Chapter 9 The Sensory System Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Iris Pupil Retina Lens Optic nerve

* 6

Select the part of the eye from the list above that is linked with each of the following.

(a) carries messages to the central nervous system

BIOLOGY

(b) contains light receptors

(c) is the coloured part of the eye

(d) changes shape to allow us to see clearly

(e) allows light to enter the eye

5(2)

7 Refer to the following diagram.

(a) Draw on the diagram the pupil as it would appear in very dim light. (6)

(b) Label the pupil and the iris on the diagram. 2(2)

8 A car horn makes a loud sound which causes a person to jump with
fright. In this case state the:
(a) stimulus

(b) response
2(5)

9 Sense organs contain which are attached to nerves.

A message travels from the brain to a which contracts
to cause the response. 2(5)

* 10 Give a reason for each of the following.

(a) The lens can change shape.

(b) The pupil in the eye can change shape.

2(5)

Higher level only

4 A neurone is a cell. Sensory neurones carry a message

the brain. neurones carry messages the central
nervous system. The optic nerve is an example of a neurone. 5(2)
36
 Chapter 9 The Sensory System Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Name the part of the eye that is linked with each of the following:

(a) changes the shape of the lens

(b) contains light receptors

BIOLOGY
(c) is the coloured part of the eye

(d) changes shape to allow us to see clearly

(e) allows light to enter the eye

5(2)

10 Give a reason for each of the following.

(a) The lens can change shape.

(b) The pupil in the eye can change shape.

(c) There is a hole in the iris.

(d) The cornea is transparent.

(e) Damage to the optic nerve may result in blindness.

5(2)

37
 Chapter 10 The Reproductive System
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 10 Theory Questions

Name: Date:
BIOLOGY

1 Name the structures labelled on the diagram of the male reproductive system.

A
B
C
D (2,2,3,3)

2 (a) What is a gamete?

(2)

(b) Name the gametes produced by the male reproductive

system.
(2)

(c) What labelled part of the diagram in Question 1 produces gametes?

(2)

(d) Name two fluids that may pass through the structure labelled B on the diagram in

Question 1. (i) and (ii)

2(2)

3 Name the parts labelled on the diagram of the female reproductive system.

A
B
C
D
E 5(2)
38
Chapter 10 The Reproductive System Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 What letter on the diagram in Question 3 represents the location for each of the following?

(a) Fertilisation

(b) Implantation

BIOLOGY
(c) Gamete formation

(d) Ovulation

(e) Pregnancy
5(2)

5 The diagram represents the menstrual cycle.

(a) What is the normal length of the menstrual cycle?

(b) On what day of the menstrual cycle does menstruation begin?

(c) On what day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation normally take place?

(d) On what days in the cycle shown is the female most likely to become pregnant?

(e) If a female has a 32-day cycle, on what day is she most likely to release an egg

from her ovary?

5(2)

39
 Chapter 10 The Reproductive SystemEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 What causes movement in each of the following?

(a) a sperm

(b) an egg 2(5)

BIOLOGY

7 Fertilisation is the of the male and female

to form a .
Implantation is the of the embryo to the lining of the
. 5(2)

8 (a) What is the normal length of pregnancy?

(b) Name the membrane that surrounds the embryo or foetus during pregnancy.

(c) Name the structure that connects the foetus with the placenta.

(d) What liquid surrounds and protects the foetus during pregnancy?

(e) Why do babies have a navel (belly button)?

5(2)

9 (a) Name two useful substances that pass into the foetus through the
placenta.
2(2)
and

(b) Name two harmful substances that might pass into the foetus through the
placenta.
2(2)
and

(c) Name a waste substance that passes out of the foetus through the
placenta.
(2)

10 Name a method of contraception that prevents each of the following.

(a) Fertilisation

(b) Implantation
2(5)
40
 Chapter 11
Ordinary & higher level
Genetics
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 11 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

BIOLOGY
1 Genetics is the study of how are . 2(5)

2 Humans show variations. What is meant by variation?

(10)

3 State five ways in which humans show variations.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
5(2)

* 4 Inherited characteristics are passed from to their

. 2(5)

* 5 Inherited characteristics are controlled by . (10)

6 Non-inherited characteristics are during life. They are not

controlled by . 2(5)

* 7 Inherited characteristics are passed from a father to his child in a cell called the
. (10)

* 8 Inherited characteristics are passed from a mother to her child in a cell called the
. (10)
41
 Chapter 11 Genetics Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 9 Name five inherited characteristics from the box below.

Reading Eye colour Speaking Walking Eyelashes Shape of face

Skin colour Whistling Writing Number of fingers
BIOLOGY

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

* 10 Name five non-inherited characteristics from the box below.

Forming saliva Earlobes Freckles Typing Swimming

Texting Teeth Toenails Cooking Dressing

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

Higher level only

4 Inherited characteristics are controlled by

, which are located on
contained in the of the cell. (4, 4, 2)

5 Chromosomes are made of and . 2(5)

7 Inherited characteristics are passed from a father to his child in a cell called the
. Inherited characteristics are passed from a mother to her child
in a cell called the . 2(5)

8 Genes are made of and they control the production of

. 2(5)
42
 Chapter 11 Genetics Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

9 Name ten inherited characteristics from the box below.

ReadingEye colourSpeakingWalkingEyelashes

Shape of face Skin colourWhistling WritingNumber of fingers

BIOLOGY
Forming saliva
Earlobes Freckles Typing Swimming Texting
Cooking Dressing
Teeth Toenails

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j) 10(1)

10 State the number of chromosomes in each of the following human cells.

(a) A normal mouth cell.

(b) An egg cell.

(c) A sperm.

(d) A zygote.

(e) A white blood cell in the embryo.

5(2)

43
 Chapter 12 Structure and Transport in
Ordinary & higher level
Flowering Plants
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 12 Theory Questions

BIOLOGY

Name: Date:

1 Name five flowering plants in the box

below.
Fern Oak tree Grass Moss Daffodil Seaweed

Wheat Pine tree Dandelion Conifer Chestnut tree

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

2 Name the labelled parts on the diagram of a flowering plant.

A
B
C
D
E 5(2)

3 Name the parts labelled in the

diagram in Question 2 that carry out
each of the following functions:
(a) is the main organ of photosynthesis

(b) absorbs water

(c) carries out reproduction

(d) consists of all the aerial parts of the plant

(e) carries water to the leaves

5(2)
44
 Chapter 12 Structure and Transport in Flowering Plants Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 (a) Name a gas that passes into a leaf from the air.

(b) Name a gas that passes out of a leaf into the air.
2(5)

5 Water passes out of tiny openings on the lower surface of a leaf.

BIOLOGY
(a) Name these tiny openings.

(b) What name is given to this loss of water?

2(5)

6 In an investigation, the apparatus shown in the diagram was used.

(a) Name the liquid found in the bell

jar.
(2)

(b) Name a chemical that can be used to

show the presence of this liquid.

(2)

(c) What colour does this chemical turn in

the presence of this liquid?

(2)

(d) The liquid found in the bell jar may have

come from two places within it. Name these

places.

and 2(2)

* 7 (a) State one function for each of the following.

(i) roots

(ii) stems

(iii) leaves

(b) Give one example in each case of an edible plant that stores food in the

following places.
(i) the roots

(ii) the leaves

5(2)

* 8 (a) Where does water enter a plant?

(4)
(b) Where does water leave a plant?
(4)

(c) The movement of water through a plant is called the transpiration

. (2)

45
 Chapter 12 Structure and Transport in Flowering Plants Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

9 Refer to the diagram below.

BIOLOGY

(a) What will happen to the level of liquid in the flask over the course of a few
days?
(2)

(b) What would happen to the level of water in the flask if there was no plant
present?
(3)

(c) Why was ink added to the water?

(2)

(d) Draw what you would expect to see, after a few days, if the stem was cut and observed.

Use the circle below. (3)

10 Give two benefits of water passing up through a plant.

(a)

(b) 2(5)
46
 Chapter 12 Structure and Transport in Flowering Plants Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

7 (a) What is meant by vascular tissue?

BIOLOGY
(3)

(b) Name the two types of vascular tissue in flowering plants.

and 2(2)

(c) Name the type of vascular tissue responsible for each of the
following:

(i) carrying water

(ii) carrying food

3(1)
(iii) carrying minerals

8 Which of each of the following pairs of features are used by plants to reduce water loss?

(a) Large or small leaves

(b) Stomata on the top or on the bottom of the leaf.

(c) Many leaves or few leaves.

(d) Broad leaves or narrow leaves.

(e) Stomata open or shut.

5(2)
47
 Chapter 13 Photosynthesis and
Ordinary & higher level
Plant Responses
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 13 Theory Questions

BIOLOGY

Name: Date:

1 In photosynthesis energy is converted into

energy. 2(5)

* 2 Complete the sentences below from the list in the box:

Oxygen Glucose Carbon dioxide Chlorophyll Water

(a) Name three substances needed for photosynthesis:

and and .

(b) Name two substances made in photosynthesis.

and 5(2)

3 State two benefits of photosynthesis for animals.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

4 When testing leaves for starch:

(a) Name the chemical used to show that starch is present.

(2)

(b) Why are the leaves boiled in water?

(2)

(c) Why are the leaves soaked in warm alcohol?

(3)

(d) Why is the chlorophyll removed from the leaves?

(3)

5 (a) Name the carbohydrate formed in photosynthesis.

(b) Name a carbohydrate stored in a plant.

2(5)
48
Chapter 13 Photosynthesis and Plant Responses Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 A piece of apparatus was set up as shown in the diagram.

BIOLOGY
(a) Why would the plant be placed in the dark for a day before the black paper

was put on the leaves?

(2)

(b) Why was the black paper placed over part of the leaves?

(2)

(c) Why was the plant then left in the light?

(2)

(d) State the colour of each part of the leaf when later tested with iodine
solution.

(i) The part of the leaf that was not covered with black paper turned
(2)

(ii) The part of the leaf that was covered with black paper turned
(2)

7 Phototropism is the way in which a changes its

in response to .
The benefit of phototropism is that plants get more ,
which is needed for the process of . 5(2)
49
 Chapter 13 Photosynthesis and Plant Responses Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

8 A dish containing seeds on moist cotton wool was placed in each of the boxes X, Y and
Z as shown in the diagram. After a few days the three sets of seedlings 1, 2 and 3 were
removed from the boxes.
BIOLOGY

(a) Which set of seedlings was grown in box X?

(b) Which set of seedlings was grown in box Y?

(c) Which set of seedlings was grown in box Z?

(d) The lack of which substance caused the leaves in set 1 to be yellow?

(e) State one reason why the seedlings in set 1 will eventually die.

5(2)

9 Say where a plant gets each of the following.

(a) Water
(3)

(b) Light
(3)

(c) Food
(4)

* 10 State two ways that the sugar formed in photosynthesis may be used by a plant.
(a)

(b)

2(5)
50
 Chapter 13 Photosynthesis and Plant Responses Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

2 Complete the sentences below:

(a) Name three substances needed for photosynthesis:

BIOLOGY
and and .

(b) Name two substances made in photosynthesis.

and 5(2)

10 (a) State two reasons why the shoot grows in the direction shown in the diagram.

(i)

(ii)
2(2)

(b) State one reason for the growth of the root as shown in the diagram.

(3)

(c) State one benefit to the plant for the root growing in this
way.
(3)
51
 Chapter 13 Photosynthesis and Plant Responses Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 7 Questions

To show that starch is made by a plant in photosynthesis (Textbook page 85)
BIOLOGY

1 Draw a diagram of the apparatus you used to carry out this activity.

2 How long did you leave the plant in the dark at the beginning of the activity?

3 How did you block out the light on some leaves?

4 How long did you leave the plant in the light?

52
Chapter 13 Photosynthesis and Plant Responses Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 When testing the leaves for starch at the end of the activity, what did you do to

achieve each of the results listed below:

(a) Kill and soften the leaves.

BIOLOGY
(b) Remove the green colour from the leaves.

(c) Soften the leaves a second time.

(d) Show if starch was present or not.

6 What did you conclude as a result of your findings?

53
 Chapter 14 Theory Questions

Name: Date:
BIOLOGY

1 Arrange the processes listed in the box into the order in which they take place in

plant reproduction.

Seed dispersal Pollination Germination Seed formation Fertilisation

(10)

2 There are two types of reproduction in plants: sexual and asexual

reproduction. State whether the following are involved in sexual or asexual
reproduction:

(a) fertilisation

(b) forming identical offspring

(c) seeds

(d) gametes
5(2)
(e) only one parent

3 (a) Name the parts labelled on the diagram of the flower.

A
B
C
D

(b) Which of the labelled parts is a male

structure?
5(2)
Protect the bud Make female gametes Make pollen
Attract insects Asexual reproduction

* 4

Match the terms in the box with the following parts of the plant.

(a) Petals (d) Sepals

(b) Runners (e) Carpels

 (c) Stamen
5(2)

Plant Reproduction
54
Chapter 14
Ordinary & higher level Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)
 Chapter 14 Plant Reproduction Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 5 Large petals Carpels found outside the petalsNo scent

Green petals
Small amounts of pollen Nectar

(a) Name three of the features in the box that are associated with insect pollination.

BIOLOGY
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(b) Name two of the features in the box that are associated with wind pollination.

(i)

(ii)
5(2)

6 Pollination is the transfer of from a

to a . (4,3,3)

7 Peas Dandelion Blackberry Alder Ash Strawberry

Name a plant from the box that has the following type of seed dispersal.

(a) Animal

(b) Self
2(3)

(c) Wind

(d) Water
2(2)

* 8 (a) Name three conditions needed for seeds to germinate.

, and
3(3)

(b) Which of these conditions is lacking in winter?

(1)
55
 Chapter 14 Plant Reproduction Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

9 The diagram shows germination in a plant.

(a) Name the parts labelled in the diagram.

A
BIOLOGY

B
C
D

(b) Which process can take

place in the plant shown at

Z that cannot take place in
the plants shown in X and Y?
5(2)

10 The following apparatus was set up to investigate one of the factors needed
for germination.

(a) Which factor is being investigated?

(b) Why was the water in tube Y boiled?

(c) Why was the oil placed on top of the water in tube Y?

(d) Why were four seeds used in each tube instead of single seeds?

(e) Which set of seeds (X or Y) would you expect to grow?

5(2)

56
 Chapter 14 Plant Reproduction Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

4 (a) Name the parts labelled on the diagram of the flower.

BIOLOGY
A
B
C
D
E 5(1)

(b) Which labelled part is associated with each of the following?

(i) the formation of the egg (2)

(ii) losing pollen in pollination
(2)
(iii) the formation of a seed or a fruit
(1)

5 (a) What type of pollination is carried out by the flower shown in the
diagram?
(2)

(b) State two reasons based on the diagram why the flower shown has this

type of pollination.
(i)

(ii)

2(4)

57
 Chapter 14 Plant Reproduction Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

8 (a) Name the labelled parts of the seed shown in the diagram.

A
A
C
BIOLOGY

B
B
C
D D

(b) Which of the labelled parts will form the future shoots of the plant?

5(2)

Mandatory Activity 8 Questions

To investigate the conditions necessary for germination (Textbook page 98)

1 Name the type of seed you used in your investigation.

2 How many test tubes did you use?

3 How many seeds were placed in each test tube?

4 Why were some of the seeds grown in the presence of water, oxygen and a suitable

temperature?

5 What did you do to show that water is needed for germination?

6 What did you do to show that oxygen is needed for germination?

58
Chapter 14 Plant Reproduction Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

7 What did you do to show that a suitable temperature is needed for germination?

BIOLOGY
8 In which of the test tubes relating to Questions 4, 5, 6 and 7 was it essential to have

a stopper?

59
 Chapter 15
Ordinary & higher level
Ecology
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 15 Theory Questions

Name: Date:
BIOLOGY

1 Match each of the words in the box with one of the definitions given
below.
Herbivore Adaptation Consumer Habitat Decomposer

(a) Animals that eat plants and other animals.

(b) The area where a plant or animal lives.

(c) Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals.

(d) A structure or habit that helps an organism survive in a habit.

(e) An animal that eats plants only.

5(2)

* 2 Answer each of the following in relation to the food chain below.

Cabbage ➞ Caterpillar ➞ Thrush ➞ Hawk

(a) Name the secondary consumer.

(4)

(b) Name a carnivore.

(3)

(c) Name the producer.

(3)

3 Give two examples of decomposers acting in the habitat you studied.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

4 (a) Use the organisms listed in the box to complete the food chain given below.

Ladybird Greenfly Rose leaves

➞ ➞ 3(2)

(b) Name a habitat where this food chain might be found.

(2)

(c) Which organism in the list contains chlorophyll?

(2)
60
 Chapter 15 Ecology Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 Name the habitat you have studied. (no marks)

(a) (i) Name an animal found in the named habitat. (2)

(ii) State one adaptation shown by the named animal.

BIOLOGY
(3)

(b) (i) Name a plant found in the named habitat. (2)

(ii) State one adaptation shown by the named plant.

(3)

6 The diagram shows two pieces of apparatus used in studying a habitat.

(a) Name the piece of apparatus labelled A.

(b) Give a use for A.

(c) Name the piece of apparatus labelled B.

(d) Give a use for B.

(e) Name one other piece of apparatus you used in your habitat
study.
5(2)

* 7 (a) Name two non-living features that you measured when studying a habitat.
(i) Feature 1

(ii) Feature 2
2(3)

(b) Name the device or apparatus used to measure each of the features named
above.

(i) Device for feature 1

2(2)
(ii) Device for feature 2
61
 Chapter 15 Ecology Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 8 (a) Conservation is the protection of our .

(b) Give one reason why conservation is necessary.

BIOLOGY

2(5)

9 (a) Pollution is caused when add too much

material to the environment. 2(2)

(b) Give one cause of air pollution.

(2)

(c) Give one cause of water pollution.

(2)

(d) State one way in which humans can have a positive effect on the environment.

(2)

10 (a) Give two examples of waste materials produced by modern

lifestyles.
2(2)
and

(b) The three Rs form one of the main methods of controlling

waste. What are the three Rs?

(i)

(ii)

(iii)
3(2)

Higher level only

2 Answer each of the following in relation to the food chain below.

Cabbage ➞ Caterpillar ➞ Thrush ➞ Hawk

(a) Name the secondary consumer.

(b) Name a carnivore.

(c) Name the producer.

3(2)

(d) State one effect on the food chain above if all the caterpillars were wiped out by

a disease.

(4)
62
Chapter 15 Ecology Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

7 (a) Construct a food web using all the organisms listed in the box. (6)

Oak tree Greenfly Caterpillar Spider Blackbird Hawk

BIOLOGY
(b) Give two examples of interdependence based on the food web you have drawn.

(i)

(ii) 2(2)

8 A student recorded the number of plants of a certain type at different distances from the
base of a large tree. The results are shown below.

Distance from tree (m) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Number of plants/unit area 0 12 23 42 82 105 105

(a) Name an apparatus that could be used to record the number of plants per unit
area.
(2)

(b) What is the total number of plants found in the study?

(2)

(c) How many plants would you expect to find at a distance of 14 metres from the
tree?
(3)

(d) Suggest an explanation for the variation in the number of plants as shown in the table.

(3)
63
 Chapter 15 EcologyEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activities 9A, 9B and 9C Questions

To study a local habitat, using appropriate instruments and simple keys to show the variety and distribution of nam
Using a quadrat to estimate the number and distribution of plants in a habitat

Using a line transect to estimate the number and distribution of plants in a habitat
BIOLOGY

(Textbook pages 110 and 111)

1 Name the habitat you studied.

2 Name three non-living factors that you measured in your habitat study.

(a)

(b)

(c)

3 Name two animals you found in your habitat.

(a)

(b)

4 Name two plants you found in your habitat.

(a)

(b)

5 Give one example of how a named animal is adapted to living in your habitat.

6 Give one example of how a named plant is adapted to living in your habitat.

7 (a) Name two animals that compete in your habitat.

and

(b) Say what the animals compete for.

64
 Chapter 15 Ecology Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

8 (a) Name two plants that compete in your habitat.

and

(b) Say what the plants compete for.

BIOLOGY
9 Name the material used to make the quadrat you used.

10 What length were the sides of the quadrat you used?

11 Suggest one problem that might arise when you throw the quadrat over your shoulder.

12 Describe exactly what you did when the quadrat had landed in the habitat.

13 How many times did you throw the quadrat?

14 Why should a quadrat be thrown the number of times you stated?

15 What was the line transect you used made from?

16 (a) What distance was there between the markings on the line transect?

(b) What was used to identify the markings on the transect?

65
 Chapter 16 Microbiology and
Ordinary & higher level
Biotechnology
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 16 Theory Questions

BIOLOGY

Name: Date:

1 (a) Name three types of micro-

organisms.
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(b) Which of these is:

(i) the biggest

(ii) the smallest 5(2)

2 (a) Name three conditions or factors needed for bacteria to grow.

(i)

(ii)

(iii) 3(3)

(b) Do bacteria reproduce sexually or asexually? (1)

3 The apparatus shown below was used to show the presence of micro-organisms in the air.

} A

Name the piece of apparatus labelled A. (2)

(a) Name the material labelled B.
(2)

(b) Why should this apparatus not be stored in a fridge during the course of

the investigation?

(3)

(c) In the investigation, a dish similar to the one above was left unopened.

Suggest a reason for this.

(3)
66
 Chapter 16 Microbiology and Biotechnology Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 Name a human disease caused by:

(a) Bacteria

(b) Viruses

BIOLOGY
(c) A fungus 3(3)

(d) Name the type of cell in the blood that attacks micro-organisms that enter the
body.
(1)

5 (a) Name a type of micro-organism that:

(i) is affected by antibiotics
(ii) is not affected by antibiotics
(iii) makes antibiotics
3(3)
(b) Name an antibiotic.
(1)

6 State two uses for bacteria in industry or in medicine.

(a)

(b)
2(5)

7 State two uses for fungi in industry or in medicine.

(a)

(b)
2(5)

8 (a) State one way in which bacteria are harmful.

(b) State one way in which fungi are harmful.

2(5)

9 Name two types of living things used in biotechnology.

(a)

(b)
2(5)

10 (a) State two industrial products made by biotechnology.

(b) State two medical products made by biotechnology.

(2, 3, 2, 3)
67
 Chapter 16 Microbiology and Biotechnology Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 10 Questions

To investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil (Textbook page 123)
BIOLOGY

1 Name the type of container in which you grew micro-organisms in this activity.

2 Name the jelly-like substance on which the micro-organisms grew.

3 The jelly-like material and the dishes were said to be sterile.

(a) What does sterile mean in this case?

(b) Why was it important that they were sterile?

4 Why was one dish left open to the air?

5 Why was soil sprinkled over one dish?

68
Chapter 17
Ordinary & higher level
States of Matter
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 17 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Name the three states of matter.

(a) (3)

(b) (3)

CHEMISTRY
(c) (4)

2 Fill in the correct word from the following list.

compressed definite flow shape volume

Solids have a definite .

Liquids can and hence do not have a definite .

The particles in a solid are and cannot easily move past
each other.
Liquids and solids have a definite but gases do not. 5(2)

3 What do we call these changes?

Liquid gas boiling

Gas liquid (i)

Solid liquid (ii)

Liquid solid (iii)

(3,3,4)

4 Water boils at °C and has a freezing point of °C. 2(5)

5 Fill in the correct words from the following list.

time space weight mass

Matter is anything that occupies and has

. 2(5)
69
 Chapter 17 States of Matter Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Answer True or False to the following statements.

(a) Solids have a definite shape.

(b) Gases cannot be compressed.

(c) Liquids have a definite shape.

(d) Solids cannot flow.

(e) The particles in a solid are packed tightly together.

5(2)

7 What is diffusion? Give an example.

CHEMISTRY

2(5)

8 If ice is heated it will and if heated further it will boil

and turn to . 2(5)

9 Name the processes shown in the diagrams.

(i)

(ii) 2(5)

* 10 (a) What is condensation?

(4)
70
 Chapter 17 States of Matter Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

(b) Write (i) an example of a situation where condensation occurs and (ii) what

you could do to prevent this occurring.

(i)

(ii)

2(3)

Higher level only

CHEMISTRY
10 Briefly explain the difference between evaporation and boiling.

2(5)

71
 Chapter 18 Separating Mixtures
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 18 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Give two everyday examples of

mixtures.
(a)
2(5)
(b)
CHEMISTRY

* 2 Name two mixtures that can be separated by

filtration.
(a)
2(5)
(b)

3 Name the parts labelled A–E on the following diagram of the apparatus used

to separate soil and water.

A
B
C
D
E 5(2)

4 Briefly explain how decanting is performed.

(10)

5 Sand is insoluble in water. List two methods that could be used to separate sand from
water.

(a)
2(5)
(b)
72
Chapter 18 Separating Mixtures Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Name the parts labelled A–E on the following diagram.

CHEMISTRY
A
B
C
D
E 5(2)

7 Distillation is a technique used to separate that

have boiling points. 2(5)

8 During filtration the substance that is trapped in the filter paper is called the

and the liquid that passes through is known as the

. 2(5)

73
 Chapter 18 Separating Mixtures Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 9 From the list in the box choose the correct separation technique to
separate:

Filtration Distillation Chromatography Evaporation

(a) Sand and water (3)

(b) Colours in a dye (3)

(c) Alcohol and water (4)

10 Give one example in each case of:

(a) a solid that is soluble in water

CHEMISTRY

(3)
(b) a solid that is insoluble in water
(3)
(c) a mixture that could be separated by filtration
(4)

Higher level only

2 A student separated a mixture of salt and chalk. The diagrams below show the steps
involved in the separation. They are not in the correct order, however. Write the correct
order of the diagrams.

Chalk and salt

mixture

A B C D E F
A      5(2)

9 Complete the following table by writing the most suitable technique for the separation
of each mixture.

Mixture Separation technique

(a) Alcohol and water
(b) Chalk and water
(c) Mixture of ink dyes
(d) Sugar and water
(e) Crude oil

5(2)
74
 Chapter 18 Separating Mixtures Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 11A Questions

To separate soil and water (Textbook page 135)

1 Name a mixture that could be separated by filtration.

2 The substance trapped in the filter paper is called the

and the liquid that passes through is called the .

CHEMISTRY
Mandatory Activity 11B Questions
To separate salt and water through evaporation (Textbook page 136)

1 Name the technique used to isolate salt from seawater.

2 Explain why filtration would not be a suitable separation technique for salt and water.

Mandatory Activity 11C Questions

To separate water and salt through distillation (Textbook page 136)

1 What advantage has distillation over evaporation?

2 What is the function of the condenser in the distillation apparatus in this activity?

75
 Chapter 18 Separating Mixtures Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 11D Questions

To separate the dyes in water-soluble markers (Textbook page 139)

1 Mixtures of colours in a dye can be separated by .

The different colours are carried different distances along the .

2 Why must the spotted colours be above the level of the solvent in this activity?
CHEMISTRY

76
Chapter 19
Ordinary & higher level
Classification of Substances
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 19 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) An element is a substance made up of type of

. 2(2)

(b) Give three examples of elements.

(i)

CHEMISTRY
(ii)

(iii) 3(2)

2 Give an example of an element that is:

(a) a solid at room temperature

(b) a liquid at room temperature

(c) a gas at room temperature (3,3,4)

3 (a) A molecule is made up of or more

chemically combined. 2(2)

(b) Give three examples of molecules.

(i)

(ii)

(iii) 3(2)

4 State two differences between a mixture and a compound.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

5 Iron and sulfur are two elements that chemically combine to form the compound
iron sulfide. The properties of FeS will be:
(a) the same as iron

(b) the same as sulfur

(c) different from Fe or S

(d) a mixture of Fe and S (10)

77
 Chapter 19 Classification of SubstancesEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Indicate whether each of the following are elements, compounds or

mixtures.
Element Compound Mixture

(i) Gold

(ii) Water

(iii) Carbon dioxide

(iv) Air

(v) Seawater

(vi) Aluminium
CHEMISTRY

(vii) Whiskey

(viii) Iron sulfide

(ix) Boron

(x) Sodium chloride

10(1)

7 Look at the boxes.

Which box contains:

(a) iron only?

(3)

(b) mixture of iron and sulfur?

(3)

(c) iron sulfide only?

(4)

* 8 Answer True or False.

(a) Magnesium oxide is a white compound.

(b) A compound has the same properties as the elements it contains.

(c) Iron and sulfur cannot be separated using a magnet.

(d) A compound is made up of two or more different types of atom mingled together.

(e) Glucose is a compound whose chemical formula is C6H12O6.

5(2)
78
 Chapter 19 Classification of Substances Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

9 Briefly describe how you would make the compound iron sulfide.

(10)

10 Underline the three compounds in the following list:

CHEMISTRY
mercury water carbon dioxide sulfur iron iron sulfide (3,3,4)

Higher level only

8 Give the name of the element or compound below.

(a) Ca

(b) K

(c) CO2

(d) H2O

(e) NaCl
5(2)

79
 Chapters Atomic Structure and
20 & 21
Ordinary level only The Periodic Table
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapters 20 & 21 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 The three particles that make up the atom are the proton,

and . 2(5)
CHEMISTRY

2 Protons have a positive charge. What charge does:

(a) an electron have?

(b) a neutron have? 2(5)

3 The neutron is found in the nucleus of an atom.

(a) Where are the protons found?

(b) Where are the electrons found?

2(5)

4 In the Periodic Table, a Russian scientist called Dmitri

arranged the elements according to their atomic . 2(5)

5 Vertical columns in the Periodic Table are called .

Horizontal rows across the table are known as . 2(5)

6 (a) Group are known as the alkali metals.

(b) Group II are known as the alkaline . 2(5)

7 Look at the Periodic Table below.

What letters represent the following?

(i) An alkali metal

(ii) A halogen

(iii) A noble gas

80
Chapters 20 & 21 Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

(iv) An element in period 3

(v) Two elements in the same group and 5(2)

8 Write down the symbols of the following elements.

(a) Carbon

(b) Hydrogen

(c) Copper

(d) Helium

CHEMISTRY
(e) Calcium
5(2)

9 Which elements are represented by the following symbols?

(a) Cl

(b) Na

(c) Al

(d) S

(e) Li
5(2)

10 The elements in Group 7 of the Periodic Table are known as

the .
The elements in Group 8 (or 0) of the Periodic Table are called the
. 2(5)
81
 Chapter
20
Atomic Structure
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

Chapter 20 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 An atom is made up of three types of particle. Name them.

(a) (3)

(b) (3)
CHEMISTRY

(c) (4)

2 Complete the table.

Particle Charge Location Mass in Atomic Mass Units

Proton +1 (i) (ii)

(iii) 0 In the nucleus 1

Electron (iv) (v) 0 5(2)

3 Define:

(a) Atomic number

(b) Mass number

2(5)

4 The centre of an atom is called the and the electrons are

found whizzing around in . 2(5)

5 Write down the atomic number and mass number of the element sodium.

Atomic number
Mass number

From this we can calculate sodium to have protons, electrons

and neutrons. (3, 3, 4)

82
 Chapter 20 Atomic Structure Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Using the Periodic Table, complete the table below.

Element Atomic number Mass number No. of protons No. of neutrons

Carbon 6 12 (i) (ii)

Sulfur 16 (iii) 16 16

Argon 18 40 (iv) (v) 5(2)

7 Electrons are arranged in shells or orbits. The first shell holds up to electrons,
the second shell holds and the third shell holds up to . (3,3,4)

8 Using the Periodic Table, write out the electronic configuration of:

CHEMISTRY
(a) Helium

(b) Oxygen

(c) Fluorine

(d) Aluminium

(e) Calcium
5(2)

9 Draw a simple atomic diagram of:

(a) (b) 2(5)

83
 Chapter 20 Atomic Structure Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

10 (a) What are isotopes? (4)

(b) Draw atomic diagrams showing two isotopes of carbon,

e.g. (i) and (ii)

(i) (ii) (3,3)

CHEMISTRY

84
Chapter The Periodic Table
21 Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

Chapter 21 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 In the Periodic Table, the Russian chemist

arranged the elements according to their . 2(5)

2 Vertical columns in the Periodic Table are called

. 2(5)

CHEMISTRY
Horizontal rows across the table are known as .

3 Place the terms from the following box next to their correct Group from the Periodic Table.

the noble gases the alkaline earth metals the halogens the alkali metals

Group 1 (3)

Group 2 (3)

Group 7 (2)

Group 8 (2)

4 List three properties of the alkali metals.

(a) (3)

(b) (3)

(c) (4)

5 Look at the Periodic Table below.

What letters represent the following?

(i) A noble gas

(ii) An element with one electron in its outer shell

(iii) A halogen

(iv) An element in Period 3

(v) An element that reacts vigorously with water 5(2)

85
 Chapter 21 The Periodic Table Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Describe two observations made when a piece of sodium is added to water.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

7 The first 20 elements of the periodic table are shown below. The electronic configuration
(arrangement) of two elements has been inserted. Insert the electronic configuration for
the elements of groups I, II, VII and VIII.

H(I) He

Li Be B C N O F Ne
CHEMISTRY

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Ca
K
(2, 8, 8, 2)

10(1)

8 Write out the word equation for the reaction of sodium with water.

(10)

9 (a) When lithium and oxygen chemically combine they produce . (4)

(b) Name two elements that belong to the halogens.

and 2(3)

10 The noble gases are also known as the inert gases.

(a) What does the word inert mean?

(b) Explain why these elements are inert.

2(5)

86
Chapter Chemical Bonding
22 Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

Chapter 22 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Complete the following passage:

All atoms react in order to achieve a outer
of electrons. The elements of group , which are known as the
gases, do not react because their outer shell is . 5(2)

2 When elements react they form bonds with each other. Name the two types of bonds.

CHEMISTRY
(a)
(b) 2(5)

3 (a) What is an ionic bond?

(7)

(b) Give one example of an ionic compound.

(3)

4 When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become .

If an atom loses electrons it becomes charged, whereas
if an atom gains electrons it becomes charged. (3,3,4)

5 The following is a list of common ions. Using your knowledge of ionic bonding,
predict the formulae of the following compounds:

Na+1 Mg+2 Al+3 Cl–1 O–2 F–1

(a) Sodium fluoride

(b) Sodium oxide

(c) Magnesium chloride

(d) Magnesium oxide

(e) Aluminium oxide

5(2)

6 Using the Periodic Table, write out the electronic configuration of:

(a) Helium

(b) Lithium

(c) Silicon

(d) Sulfur

(e) Argon
5(2)

87
 Chapter 22 Chemical Bonding Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

7 Following on from Question 6, write down what each of the following elements needs
to do in terms of losing or gaining electrons in order to become stable.

(a) Helium

(b) Lithium

(c) Silicon

(d) Sulfur

(e) Argon
5(2)
CHEMISTRY

8 (a) A covalent bond consists of a of electrons being

between two non-metal .

(b) Write down two examples of covalent compounds.

(i)
(ii) 5(2)

9 Explain, using diagrams, the bonding between two fluorine atoms.

(10)

10 (a) List three differences in the properties of ionic and covalent compounds.

Ionic Covalent
(i)
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
(iii)
(iii) 3(2)

(b) Complete the following definition:

The valency of an element is

(4)
88
Chapter 23
Ordinary & higher level
Metals and Non-metals
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 23 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Match the metals in the list (a) – (g) with the correct descriptions.

(a) Lead (b) Magnesium (c) Sodium (d) Mercury (e) Aluminium (f) Copper (g) Gold

Description Metal

CHEMISTRY
(i) The only metal which is liquid at room temperature

(ii) Ladders are often made of this

(iii) This metal is used in electric wiring

(iv) This metal must be stored under oil

(v) Jewellery is often made of this

5(2)

2 Fill in the missing descriptions.

E
5(2)

3 (a) Mercury is an unusual metal. In what way is it unusual?

(b) In what way do alkali metals differ from other metals?

2(5)
89
 Chapter 23 Metals and Non-metals Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 Fill in the missing terms.

2(5)
CHEMISTRY

5 (a) What is an alloy?

(4)

(b) Give two examples.

(i)
(ii) 2(3)

6 Complete the table.

Alloy Use Composition

(a) Musical instruments, ornaments Copper and zinc

(b) Statues Copper and tin

(c) Soldering Lead and tin

(d) Building reinforcement Iron and carbon

(e) Knives, sinks etc. Iron, chromium and nickel

Alnico Powerful magnets Aluminium, nickel and cobalt

5(2)

7 Rusting is the name given to the corrosion of iron. Explain the underlined terms.

(i)

(ii)
(5)
90
 Chapter 23 Metals and Non-metals Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 8 Place the four metals, zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium in order of
decreasing relative reactivity.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (3,3,2,2)

9 The following diagram shows an activity to investigate rusting using iron nails.

CHEMISTRY
(a) What is the function of the calcium chloride?

(b) Why is boiled water used in one test tube?

(c) Why is the oil poured on the boiled water?

(d) Which nails will rust most?

(e) Why do galvanised nails not rust?

5(2)

* 10 Answer True or False.

(a) Metals conduct heat and electricity.

(b) Metals are lustrous, i.e. they are shiny.

(c) Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

(d) Bronze is an alloy of copper and zinc.

(e) The two conditions necessary for rusting to occur are water and
hydrogen.
5(2)

91
 Chapter 23 Metals and Non-metals Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

8 Dilute hydrochloric acid

A B C D
CHEMISTRY

Each test tube above contains one of four metals.

(i) Copper

(ii) Calcium

(iii) Magnesium

(iv) Zinc

(a) Identify the metals in each test tube.

Test tube A B C D

Metal

(b) In some of the test tubes a gas is being produced. Name the gas. 5(2)

10 Write out the word equations for the reaction of potassium with:

(a) oxygen

(b) water
2(5)
92
 Chapter 23 Metals and Non-metals Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 12 Questions

To investigate the conditions necessary for rusting to occur (Text book page 168)

CHEMISTRY
Galvanised nails are not suitable for this activity. Why?

2 One test tube contains boiled water with a layer of oil on top.

(a) Why is the water boiled?

(b) What is the purpose of the oil?

3 Describe the conditions inside the test tube under which you would expect most

rusting to occur.

93
 Chapter 23 Metals and Non-metals Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 Why is there no rusting of the nails in the test tube containing calcium chloride?

5 What colour is rust?

CHEMISTRY

6 Rusting of iron is a type of metal corrosion. List three ways of preventing corrosion.

(a)

(b)

(c)

7 Answer True or False to the following statements.

(a) In order for rusting to occur, both water and oxygen must be present.

(b) When a nail rusts its overall mass is decreased.

(c) Rust is an orange-brown substance.

(d) The chemical name for rust is iron chloride.

(e) Calcium chloride is a compound that absorbs oxygen.

(f) Boiling water helps remove oxygen from it.

(g) Galvanised nails rust more readily than iron nails.

(h) Painting helps prevent rusting.

94
 Chapter 24 Acids and Bases
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 24 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) Lemon juice is a common everyday acid. Name two other household
acids.
2(3)
,

(b) Name one acid found in the lab.

(4)

CHEMISTRY
2 Name parts A, B and C in the following diagram.

A (4)

B (3)

C (3)

3 Litmus is an which is .
In acids and in bases, if the blue stays blue and the
red stays red, then the substance is said to be .
Litmus does not tell us the of the solution. 5(2)

4 A group of students tests a variety of substances using red litmus paper and blue litmus paper. They do
this to determine whether the substances are acidic, basic or neutral. Use the table below to predict
their results.

Colour change of red litmus

Substance tested paper and blue litmus paper Acidic, basic or neutral
(a) Vinegar Red litmus stays red Acidic
Blue litmus turns red
(b) Washing-up liquid (i) (ii)
(c) Lemon juice (iii) (iv)
(d) Water (v) Neutral 5(2)
95
 Chapter 24 Acids and Bases Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 Explain, using a diagram, how you would measure the pH of a substance.

(10)
CHEMISTRY

6 An acid and a base react together and form and

. This reaction is known as a reaction. (3,3,4)

7 Give a brief explanation for why the following are done:

(a) rubbing baking soda on a bee sting

(b) rubbing vinegar on a wasp sting

(c) adding lime to a river or lake

(3,3,4)

8 (a) What would you observe happening when a piece of zinc is placed in a test tube

containing dilute acid?

(b) What gas is produced in this reaction?

2(5)

* 9 Describe how you would test a gas to check if it was hydrogen.

(10)

* 10 (a) Write out the word equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and
zinc.

(b) What would you expect to happen if a gold ring were placed in dilute acid?

2(5)
96
 Chapter 24 Acids and Bases Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

9 Write out the word equation and the chemical equation for the reaction
between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

(a) Word equation:

(b) Chemical equation:

2(5)

10 A pupil prepared the salt sodium chloride using the items shown in the diagram.

(a) Name the piece of glassware used to

measure the volume of the base.

CHEMISTRY
(b) What readings must be taken to find the volume

of acid used to neutralise the base?

(c) Why is an indicator added to the flask?

(d) Why is a white tile placed under the flask?

(e) What separation technique is used to isolate the salt from the salt water?

5(2)

97
 Chapter 24 Acids and Bases Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 13 Questions

To investigate the pH of a variety of substances using the pH scale (Textbook page 177)

1 Name the indicator used in this activity.

2 Write the colour you would expect to obtain when universal indicator is placed in:

(a) lemon juice

(b) distilled water

CHEMISTRY

(c) washing soda

3 What device could be used in place of universal indicator?

4 The pH scale is used to measure the strength of and

.

5 To measure the pH of a solid, it must first be dissolved in water. Why?

Mandatory Activity 14 Questions

To titrate HCl against NaOH and form sodium chloride (Textbook page 179)

1 Why is a pipette used in preference to a graduated cylinder in this activity?

2 Why must the conical flask be continuously swirled during the titration?

3 Why is the conical flask placed over a white tile during the titration?

98
Chapter 24 Acids and Bases Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 Why is the titration repeated a few times?

5 What shape is the meniscus of the acid in the burette?

6 The final titration is performed without any indicator being added. Why?

CHEMISTRY
7 Name the separation technique used to remove the water from the salt.

8 Write out the word equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid

and sodium hydroxide.

9 Write out the chemical equation for the reaction in Question 8.

99
 Chapter 24 Acids and Bases Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 15 Questions

To investigate the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid (Textbook page 180)

1 What is observed when a piece of zinc is placed in

dilute hydrochloric acid?

CHEMISTRY

2 Fill out the word equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Zinc +  zinc chloride +

3 Write out the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
+  +

4 What would you expect to happen if a piece of gold was placed in a test tube

of hydrochloric acid? Why?

100
Chapter 25 Chemical Reactions
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 25 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) What is a physical change?

(6)

(b) Give two examples.

2(2)

2 (a) What is a chemical change?

CHEMISTRY
(6)

(b) Give two examples.

2(2)

3 Fill in the missing sentences in the following table.

Physical change Chemical change

1 1 One or more new substances formed

2 2 Very difficult or impossible to reverse

3 Often no heat change occurs 3

4 4
5(2)

4 Indicate which of the following reactions are physical changes and which
are chemical changes.

Reactions Physical change Chemical change

(i) melting ice

(ii) cutting potatoes into chips

(iii) cooking chips

(iv) a candle burning

(v) blowing up a balloon

(vi) hammering a nail

(vii) adding sugar to tea

(viii) a gate rusting

(ix) drying clothes

(x) zinc reacting with dilute acid

10(1)
101
 Chapter 25 Chemical Reactions Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 What is a fuel?

(10)

6 When a fuel burns, it is an example of a change.

In order to burn and
must also be present. (3,3,4)
CHEMISTRY

7 Name the unlabelled segments of the diagram below.

2(5)

8 Answer True or False:

(a) Oxygen gas is used in fire extinguishers.

(b) The three conditions necessary for a fire to occur are fuel, heat and carbon dioxide.

(c) Water should never be used on electrical fires.

(d) In a chemical change a new substance is produced.

(e) A physical change is easy to reverse.

5(2)

9 Which side of the fire triangle is being removed when:

(a) water is poured on a waste paper bin fire?

(b) a fire blanket is placed over a chip pan on fire?

(c) a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is used on a petrol fire?

(3,3,4)
102
 Chapter 25 Chemical Reactions Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

10 When a candle burns there are both physical and chemical changes occurring. Explain.

(10)

CHEMISTRY

103
 Chapter 26 The Atmosphere
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 26 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 – 2% other 1. Look at the pie chart on the left. Label it with the
gases names of the two main gases in the atmosphere
(i) and the approximate percentages of the atmosphere
they make up.

2(5)
CHEMISTRY

(ii)

2 Draw in the expected result to the following diagram.

Steel wool

Graduated cylinder
Water trough

(10)

3 Describe, using a diagram, an activity to show that air contains carbon dioxide.

(10)
104
Chapter 26 The Atmosphere Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

4 paper can be used to test for the

presence of water. If water is present it changes colour from
to . (3,3,4)

5 The following is a diagram of the apparatus used to prepare oxygen

gas. Name the items labelled A–E.

CHEMISTRY
A D
B E
C 5(2)

6 (a) Manganese dioxide acts as a catalyst. Explain the underlined word.

(4)

(b) Fill in the blanks:

manganese
dioxide
oxygen + 2(3)

7 (a) Describe how you would test a gas for oxygen.

(b) What happens when a piece of burning magnesium is lowered into a jar of oxygen?

2(5)

105
 Chapter 26 The Atmosphere Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 8 Name the items labelled A–E in the following diagram of apparatus used for the preparation
of carbon dioxide gas.
CHEMISTRY

A D
B E
C 5(2)

* 9 Delete as appropriate:
Carbon dioxide gas is an/a acid/basic gas. It will turn limewater clear/milky.
It will ignite/quench a glowing splint. It is heavier/lighter than air.
It will turn litmus paper blue/red. 5(2)

* 10 (a) Complete the word equation for the preparation of carbon dioxide:
Calcium calcium
+ + +
carbonate chloride 3(2)

(b) Give two uses for carbon dioxide.

(i)

(2)
(ii)

(2)

106
 Chapter 26 The Atmosphere Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

8 (a) Insert the missing chemical symbols.

Calcium hydroxide + carbon dioxide calcium carbonate + water.

Ca(OH)2 + + H2 O 2(3)

(b) Give two uses for carbon dioxide.

(i)

(2)

CHEMISTRY
(ii)

(2)

9 Write out the word equation and the chemical equation for the preparation of oxygen gas.

(a) Word equation:

(b) Chemical equation:

2(5)

10 Write out the word and chemical equation for the preparation of carbon dioxide.

(a) Word equation:

(b) Chemical equation:

2(5)

107
 Chapter 26 The Atmosphere Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 16A Questions

To show that approximately one-fifth of the air is oxygen (Textbook page 188)

1 Draw the expected result on the following diagram.

Steel wool

Graduated cylinder
Water trough
CHEMISTRY

2 Explain the observed result in Question 1.

108
 Chapter 26 The Atmosphere Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 16B Questions

To show that air contains carbon dioxide (Textbook page 188)

1 Label the following diagram of an activity to show that air contains carbon dioxide.

CHEMISTRY
D

2 What would the expected result of the activity above be?

3 If the activity was repeated and exhaled air was bubbled through instead

of inhaled air, what would you expect to happen?

Mandatory Activity 16C Questions

To show there is water vapour in air (Textbook page 189)

1 What colour is dry cobalt chloride paper?

2 In the presence of water, cobalt chloride paper turns from

to in colour.

3 Name another chemical that could be used instead of cobalt chloride in this activity.

109
 Chapter 26 The Atmosphere Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 17 Questions

To prepare and examine oxygen gas (Textbook page 190)

1 List five pieces of equipment used in the preparation of oxygen gas.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
CHEMISTRY

(e)

2 Manganese dioxide acts as a catalyst. Explain the underlined term.

3 Why is the hydrogen peroxide added in a drop-by-drop manner in this activity?

4 Is oxygen an acidic, neutral or alkaline gas?

5 Fill in the missing words in the following equation for the preparation of oxygen.

manganese
dioxide
oxygen +

6 Write out the chemical equation for the preparation of oxygen.

7 What is observed when a piece of burning magnesium is placed in a jar of oxygen gas?

110
 Chapter 26 The Atmosphere Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 18 Questions

To prepare and examine carbon dioxide gas (Textbook page 192)

1 Label the following diagram of the apparatus used in the preparation of carbon dioxide gas.

CHEMISTRY
A E
B F
C G
D H

2 What is the function of the beehive shelf?

3 What is observed when a wooden splint is lit and lowered into a jar of carbon dioxide?

4 Give the name and chemical formula for limewater.

5 Write out the word equation for the reaction between carbon dioxide and limewater.

6 Complete the following chemical equation for the reaction between carbon
dioxide and limewater.

CO2 + + H 2O

111
 Chapter 26 The Atmosphere Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

7 Carbon dioxide turns moist blue litmus paper red. What does this tell us about the gas?

8 What two properties of carbon dioxide make it ideal for use in fire extinguishers?

(a)

(b)

9 List two uses of carbon dioxide gas.

CHEMISTRY

(a)

(b)

112
 Chapter 27
Ordinary & higher level
Water
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 27 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 The chemical formula for water is . This means every water molecule is

made up of two atoms and one atom. (4,3,3)

2 List five ways that water is used in everyday life.

(a)

CHEMISTRY
(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

* 3 Pure water freezes at °C and boils at °C. 2(5)

4 Water will turn cobalt chloride paper from to . 2(5)

* 5 The curved surface of a liquid in a vessel is called the .

It has two possible shapes: and (4,3,3)

6 (a) Name the parts labelled A–C in the following diagram of a Hoffmann voltameter.

A (2)

B (2)

C (2)
113
 Chapter 27 Water Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

(b) Why is a small amount of acid added to the water?

(4)

7 Place the following stages in water treatment in the correct order:

CHEMISTRY

fluoridation screening filtering settling chlorination

5(2)

* 8 (a) Why is chlorine added to water?

(b) Why is fluorine added to water?

2(5)

9 Describe, using a diagram, how you could make a model of a water filter.

(10)

114
 Chapter 27 Water Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

10 Briefly describe what happens during:

(a) Screening:

(b) Settling:

CHEMISTRY
2(5)

Higher level only

3 When water freezes it .

The density of ice is than water, hence ice forms on top.
The curved surface of water in a test tube is called the .
It has a shape. Water boils at . 5(2)

5 (a) What does the word desalination mean?

(b) What separation technique is used to desalinate seawater?

2(5)

115
 Chapter 27 WaterEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

8 Answer True or False.

Chlorine is added to drinking water to prevent tooth decay.

Water is filtered by passing it through beds of sand.

Ice is more dense than water.

Water turns cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink.

Water has a convex meniscus. 5(2)

CHEMISTRY

116
 Chapter 28
Ordinary & higher level
Solutions and Crystallisation
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 28 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) What is a solute?

(6)

CHEMISTRY
(b) Give two examples. and 2(2)

2 (a) Water is an excellent solvent. Explain the underlined term.

(6)

(b) Name two other household solvents.

and 2(2)

* 3 When salt is added to water they form a solution. Salt is the

and water is the . 2(5)

* 4 If one substance dissolves in another it is said to be .

A substance that does not dissolve in another is said to be .
Sand is in water, whereas sugar is
in water. Water is an excellent . 5(2)

5 Answer True or False.

(a) Salt is insoluble in water.

(b) Sand is insoluble in water.

(c) A solution can be made more dilute by adding more solute.

(d) A solution can be made more concentrated by removing some of the solvent.

(e) A solute dissolves in a solvent forming a solution. 5(2)

6 (a) When a saturated solution of copper sulfate is filtered, what will the filtrate be?

(b) What will be the residue? 2(5)

117
 Chapter 28 Solutions and Crystallisation Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

7 If a hot concentrated solution of copper sulfate is rapidly cooled,

crystals of copper sulfate form.
Alternatively, if it is allowed to slowly cool, crystals will be formed. 2(5)

8 What is crystallisation?
CHEMISTRY

(10)

9 Describe, with the aid of a diagram, a simple activity you could carry out to determine
whether a substance is soluble or insoluble in water.

(10)

10 Give an everyday example of:

(a) a solid dissolved in a liquid

(b) a liquid dissolved in a liquid

(c) a gas dissolved in a liquid

(3,3,4)

118
 Chapter 28 Solutions and Crystallisation Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

3 (a) What is a saturated solution?

(b) What effect has temperature on the solubility of water?

CHEMISTRY
2(5)

140
Solubility (grams of solute/100 g of solvent)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Temperature (°C)

The graph shows the solubility of a particular salt at different temperatures.

(i) What effect does increasing the temperature of the solvent have on the solubility
of the solute?
(3)

(ii) How many grams of solute dissolve in the solvent at 50°C? (3)

(iii) If a solution saturated at 30°C is cooled down to 10°C, how many grams of
crystals will form?
(4)

119
 Chapter 28 Solutions and Crystallisation Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 19 Questions

To examine the preparation and formation of copper sulfate crystals

(or aluminium sulfate crystals) (Textbook page 212)

1 What colour is a copper sulfate solution?

2 When a saturated solution of copper sulfate is filtered, what is the residue?

CHEMISTRY

3 The filtrate is poured into an evaporating dish and heated on a water bath in this

activity. Why?

4 Fill in the missing words from the following:

A rapidly cooled saturated solution results in a formation of crystals,
whereas slow cooling produces .
When copper sulfate is dehydrated, the crystals change colour from

to .

5 What is a saturated solution?

6 Briefly explain the difference between a dilute solution and a concentrated solution.

120
Chapter 29
Ordinary & higher level
Water Hardness
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 29 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) Soft water with soap,

whereas hard water lather easily. 2(5)

2 Name two methods of removing hardness in water.

CHEMISTRY
(a)

(b) 2(5)

3 Name two metals present in water that cause hardness.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

4 Describe, with the aid of a diagram, a simple activity to investigate a sample of water
for hardness.

(10)

5 List two advantages of hard water.

(a)

(b)
2(5)
121
 Chapter 29 Water HardnessEdco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 6

A B C
CHEMISTRY

A student sets up an experiment to compare three different water samples for hardness.
List the two of the three things the student should do to ensure fair testing.

(i)

(Ii) 2(5)

7 (a) In an activity to show the presence of dissolved substances in a water sample,

the water must first be filtered. Why?

(b) Why must the evaporating dish be clean and dry at the beginning?

2(5)

8 Two water samples, A and B, were tested for hardness.

Water sample A B

Volume of X added (cm3) 10 3

(a) What is the substance, X, added to the samples?

(b) Which sample, A or B, is hard water? 2(5)

* 9 Answer True or False.

(a) Hard water lathers easily with soap.

(b) There are two types of water, hard and easy.

(c) An ion exchanger can be used to soften hard water.

(d) People who drink hard water have strong bones and teeth.

(e) Many substances dissolve easily in water, making it an excellent solute.

5(2)

122
 Chapter 29 Water Hardness Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

10 Choose the correct term from the box to complete the following sentences.

lathers calcium limescale soft soften

(a) Hard water provides for our bones and teeth.

(b) There are two types of water: hard and .

(c) An ion exchanger can be used to hard water.

(d) Soft water easily with soap.

(e) Hard water causes in kettles. 5(2)

CHEMISTRY
Higher level only

6 Other than passing water through an ion exchanger, mention two other ways by which
water can be softened.

(a)

(b)
2(5)

9 The following is a diagram of an activity to compare water samples for hardness.

Briefly explain the method used to test each water sample so they can be compared.

(10)

123
 Chapter 29 Water Hardness Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 20A Questions

To test water for hardness (Textbook page 218)

1 When comparing water samples for hardness it is important to add the same volume

of water to each test tube. Why?

2 What substance is added to the water?

CHEMISTRY

3 Would you expect water found in limestone areas to be hard or soft? Explain why.

Mandatory Activity 20B Questions

To show the presence of dissolved substances in a water sample (Textbook page 219)

1 Which colour flame should be used when heating the evaporating dish?

2 What did you notice about the mass of the evaporating dish after carrying out the activity?

124
Chapter 30 Fossil Fuels
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 30 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) What is a fuel?

(5)

(b) Give two examples. and (2,3)

CHEMISTRY
2 (a) What is a fossil fuel?

(5)

(b) Give two examples. and (2,3)

3 Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of the elements and

. When a hydrocarbon fuel is burned
and are produced. 5(2)

4 (a) How does an increase in the levels of carbon dioxide gas lead to global warming?

(7)

(b) Name another gas that contributes to global warming.

(3)

5 Examine the following diagram and answer the questions overleaf.

125
 Chapter 30 Fossil Fuels Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

(a) What is observed in test tube A as the candle burns?

(b) What happens in test tube B?

2(5)

6 Natural gas, which is mainly methane, is a major contributor to global

warming. List two causes for the rise in the levels of natural gas.
CHEMISTRY

(i)

(ii) 2(5)

7 Acid rain has many negative effects. Describe how acid rain

affects: Limestone buildings:

Trees:

2(5)

8 Describe, with the aid of a diagram, how you would find the pH of a soil
sample.

(10)
126
 Chapter 30 Fossil Fuels Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

9 Give a reason for the following:

(a) Farmers spreading lime on their fields.

(3)

(b) Limestone statues being covered to prevent rainwater falling on them.

(3)

CHEMISTRY
(c) Catalytic converters being fitted to car exhausts.

(4)

* 10 Answer True or False

(a) Buildings and statues are now eroding faster than they were 50 years ago.

(b) The earth is gradually cooling down, leading to an expansion of the ice caps.

(c) Nitrogen is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect.

(d) Fossil fuels were formed from the remains of plants and animals.

(e) Fossil fuels are a non-renewable source of energy.

5(2)

Higher level only

10 (a) Name the two gases that contribute to acid rain.

(i)
(ii) 2(2)

(b) How are these gases produced?

(i)

(ii)

2(3)
127
 Chapter 31
Ordinary & higher level
Plastics
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 31 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Plastics are - materials. Most plastics are made from

. This substance is separated into fractions by

. (3, 3, 4)

2 In an oil refinery, large compounds are converted into smaller, more useful
CHEMISTRY

compounds by a process called . It is speeded up by the use of a

. 2(5)

3 All plastics are made up of repeating units called , which link

together to form . This process is called . (3,3,4)

4 Give one advantage of:

(a) PVC windows in place of wooden windows.

(b) Polystyrene cups in place of ceramic cups.

(c) PVC guttering in place of metal.

(d) Moulded plastic seats in place of wooden seats.

(e) Velcro fasteners in place of buttons.

5(2)

5 Outline the main difference between a thermoplastic and a thermosetting plastic.

(10)

128
 Chapter 31 Plastics Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Briefly outline two environmental disadvantages of plastics.

(a)

(b)

2(5)

7 List three advantages of manufacturing items from plastic instead of traditional

materials.

(a)

CHEMISTRY
(b)

(c)

(4,3,3)

Plastics
B C

D E

Identify the five groups of plastics in the diagrams A-E and complete the table.

Group of plastics Diagram

(i) Polythene
(ii) Polyvinylchloride
(iii) Nylon
(iv) Polystyrene
(v) Polypropene

5(2)
129
 Chapter 31 Plastics Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

9 What particular property makes plastic suitable for use in:

(a) light switches

(b) hot drinks’ containers

(c) spectacle lenses

(d) contact lenses

CHEMISTRY

(e) underground pipes

5(2)

10 When crude oil is distilled, different fractions are separated out. List two main differences
between the first and third fraction.
(a)

(b)

2(5)

130
Chapter 32
Ordinary & higher level
Measurement
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 32 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 For a measurement in physics to be useful it must be:

(a)

and it must be measured in

(b) 2(5)

2 Define the following physical quantities:

(a) length

(b) mass

PHYSICS
(c) temperature

(d) area

(e) volume 5(2)

3 Name two instruments that are used to measure curved distances.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

4 Name two instruments that are used to measure the diameter of circular objects.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

5 A box has a square top and bottom. The length of the side of the square is 10 cm.
The height of the box is 4 cm. Calculate:
(a) the area of the top of the box (2)

(b) the area of a side of the box (2)

(c) the total area of all of the surfaces (3)

(d) the volume of the box (3)

131
 Chapter 32 Measurement Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Change the following measurements in cm3 into m3.

(a) 500 cm3

(b) 2500 cm3 2(5)

7 Change the following measurements in m3 into cm3.

(a) 0.1 m3

(b) 0.25 m3
2(5)

8 Estimate the area of the shape in the diagram below.

PHYSICS

(10)

9 On the Celsius scale of temperature what is the temperature of:

(a) ice water?

(b) boiling water?

2(5)

10 Write down the standard units used in physics to measure the following quantities:

(a) length:

(b) mass:

(c) time:

(d) area:

(e) volume:
5(2)
132
Chapter 33 Density and Flotation
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 33 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) What is the density of a material?

(b) What are the standard units of density?

2(5)

2 Write down the formula for calculating

density.
(10)

3 What is the density of a block of wood that has a mass of 150 g and a volume of 200 cm3?

PHYSICS
(10)

4 What is the mass of a piece of iron that has a volume of 25 cm3 if the density of iron

is 8 g/cm3?

(10)

5 A metal coin has a mass of 36 g. The density of the metal in the coin is 9
g/cm3.

The coin is put into a graduated cylinder with 25 cm3 of water in it. What is
the new reading on the graduated cylinder with the coin in it?
(10)

6 The density of lead is 11 200 kg/m3. There are 10 000 cm3 in one cubic
metre.
(a) What is the mass of 1 cm3 of lead in kg?
(4)

(b) What is the mass of 1 cm3 in grams?

(4)

(c) What is the density of lead in g/cm3?

(2)
133
 Chapter 33 Density and Flotation Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

7 (a) What is the mass of 100 cm3 of lead? The density of lead is 11 200 kg/m3.

(b) What is the volume of a piece of lead of mass 200 g?

2(5)

* 8 Water is put in a graduated cylinder as in the

diagram to the right. A piece of copper is placed
in the cylinder and the reading changes.

(a) Look at the scale on the cylinder. What is

the volume of the piece of copper?

Piece of
copper
PHYSICS

(b) If the mass of the piece of copper is 223

g, what is the density of copper?

2(5)

* 9 An empty beaker is placed on a laboratory balance. The mass of the beaker is 40 g.

25 cm3 of a liquid is poured into the beaker and placed on the balance.
The new reading is 55 g.

(a) What is the mass of the liquid?

(b) What is the density of the liquid?

2(5)

* 10 Which of the following materials will float in water?

Material
Float (Yes or No)
Cork

Lead

Oil

Aluminium

Wood
5(2)

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 Chapter 33 Density and Flotation Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

8 An empty beaker is placed on a laboratory balance. The mass of the beaker is 40

g. 25 cm3 of a liquid is poured into the beaker and placed on the balance.
The new reading is 55 g.

(a) What is the mass of the liquid?

(b) What is the density of the liquid?

2(5)

9 Complete the following sentence.

’An object will float in water if the of the object is

than the density of water.’ 2(5)

10 The densities of water, methylated spirits and paraffin oil are 1.0, 0.83 and 0.80
g/cm3 respectively. An equal volume of each is poured carefully into a graduated
cylinder and allowed to rest.
(a) Write down the order in which the liquids

PHYSICS
separate. On top
(2)
In the middle
(2)
On the bottom
(2)
(b) Write down the reason for the order.

(4)

135
 Chapter 33 Density and Flotation Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 21A Questions

To determine the density of a rectangular block of material (Textbook page 246)

1 How do you find the mass of the block in this activity?

2 What formula do you use to find the volume of the block?

3 What formula do you use to find the density of the block?

PHYSICS

4 Which units did you use for density?

Mandatory Activity 21B Questions

To find the density of an irregular solid (Textbook page 246)

1 Name two pieces of apparatus that can be used to find the volume of an irregular solid.

or

2 Why would you use the one piece of apparatus rather than the other?

3 What units are used in this activity for the volume of the irregular solid?

4 What formula is used to find the density of the solid?

136
 Chapter 33 Density and Flotation Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 21C Questions

To find the density of a liquid (Textbook page 247)

1 Which two quantities must be measured to find the density of a liquid?

and

2 Name the two pieces of apparatus that can be used to find a known volume of the liquid.

and

3 Which two measurements are subtracted in order to find the mass of the known

volume of the liquid?

and

4 What formula is used to find the density of the liquid in this activity?

PHYSICS

137
 Chapter 34 Motion
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 34 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Which two fundamental ideas in physics are used to describe motion?

(a)

(b) 2(5)

2 (a) Write down the definition of speed.

(b) Write down the formula used to measure speed.

2(5)

3 A cyclist travels a distance of 36 m in 8 seconds.

PHYSICS

(a) What is the speed of the cyclist in m/s?

(b) What distance would the cyclist travel in 1 hour?

2(5)

4 A car is travelling at 50 km/hr.

(a) What is the speed of the car in m/s?

(b) How long would it take the car to travel 400 km?
2(5)

5 (a) Write down the definition of acceleration.

(b) What are the standard units of acceleration?

2(5)

6 A car increases its speed from 11 m/s to 17 m/s in 5 seconds.

What is the acceleration of the car? (10)

7 A motorcyclist increases her speed from 40 km/hr to 60 km/hr in 3 seconds.

(a) What is her acceleration in km/hr?

(b) What is her acceleration in m/s?

2(5)
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 Chapter 34 Motion Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

8 Write down two pieces of information that can be found from a distance-time
graph.

(a)
2(5)
(b)

9 If the distance-time graph for an object is a straight line, then the speed of the body
is the same as a concept from mathematics.

(a) What is the mathematical concept?

(b) Why is it much more difficult to find the speed of an object if its graph is not
a straight line?

PHYSICS
2(5)

* 10 (a) What is meant by deceleration?

(b) What mathematical symbol is used to indicate

deceleration?
2(5)

Higher level only

10 (a) What is the difference between speed and velocity?

(b) How can an object have a constant speed and still have a change in velocity?

2(5)
139
 Chapter 35 Force and Motion
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 35 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) What is the definition of force?

(4)

(b) Write down two effects that a force can have on a body.

(3)

(3)

2 (a) Name the scientist who described three laws of motion.

(b) What is the unit of force?

PHYSICS

2(5)

3 Write down five different kinds of force.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

4 Use arrows to show the forces acting on the mass in the diagram.

(10)
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 Chapter 35 Force and Motion Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 (a) What is friction?

(4)

(b) Name a situation in which friction is an advantage and one where it is a

disadvantage. Advantage

(3)
Disadvantage

(3)

6 (a) What is lubrication?

(b) Give an example of a machine in which lubrication is

used.

PHYSICS
2(5)

7 (a) Write down an equation relating force and acceleration.

(b) What is the weight of a body?

2(5)

* 8 Why is the weight of a body different at sea-level and at the top of Mount Everest?

(10)

9 (a) Calculate the force that is needed to give a mass of 5 kg an acceleration of 3 m/s.

(b) What acceleration does a force of 20 N give a body of mass 4 kg?

2(5)

10 State Hooke’s Law.

(10)
141
 Chapter 35 Force and Motion Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

8 (a) Write down an equation connecting weight to mass.

(4)

(b) Calculate the force of gravity on the following objects:

(i) a bag of sugar of mass 2 kg

(3)
(ii) a person of mass 60 kg
(3)

Mandatory Activity 22 Questions

To investigate the relationship between the extension in a spring and the restoring force
(Text book page 261)

1 In this activity, what piece of apparatus is used to measure the stretch or extension in
PHYSICS

the spring?

2 What piece of apparatus is used to measure the force put on the spring?

3 The extension in the spring when a force is put on it is not the length of the

spring. What do you have to subtract from the length of the spring to find the
extension?

4 Name the two quantities that are plotted on the axes of a graph.

x-axis: y-axis:

5 When you plot your measurements what kind of a graph do you get?

6 The graph illustrates a law. Who is the law named after?

7 State the law that is illustrated in this activity.

142
Chapter Turning Effect of Forces, Levers
36

Higher level only

Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 36 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Lifting a ladder in the middle is much easier than lifting it at one end. Why?

(10)

2 Define the centre of gravity of a body.

(10)

PHYSICS
3 Name the two properties that make buildings and vehicles stable.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

4 Complete the following statements.

(a) An object is in stable equilibrium if

(b) An object is in unstable equilibrium if

2(5)

5 Give an everyday example of a body

(a) in stable equilibrium

(b) in unstable equilibrium

2(5)

6 Define the terms:

(a) lever

(b) fulcrum

2(5)
143
 Chapter 36 Turning Effect of Forces, Levers Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

7 Give five everyday examples of levers.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

8 State the law of the lever.

(10)

9 Describe how the law of the lever is illustrated by a crane lifting a load.
PHYSICS

(10)

10 A metre stick is suspended at its centre. A 5 N weight is placed at the 25 cm point to the left

of the centre. Where would you put the 2.5 N weight to balance the metre stick?

25 cm x

5N
2.5 N

(10)

144
Chapter 37
Ordinary & higher level
Pressure
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 37 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) Define pressure.

(b) Write down an equation that connects force and pressure.

2(5)

2 (a) What is the unit of pressure?

(b) The unit is named after which scientist? 2(5)

3 (a) What pressure is exerted by a force of 50 N on an area of 2 m2?

PHYSICS
(b) What pressure is exerted by a force of 20 N on the bottom of a square box with

10 cm sides? 2(5)

4 The pressure on the bottom of a rectangular box is 0.2

N/cm2. The length of the box is 30 cm and the width is 10
cm. Find:
(a) the area of the bottom of the box.

(b) the force on the bottom of the box.

2(5)

5 Name two other materials apart from solids that exert pressure.

(a)

(b) 2(5)
145
 Chapter 37 Pressure Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Explain why a diver at a depth of 30 m in

water experiences a greater pressure than a

10m
diver at 10 m.

30m

(10)

7 (a) What are pistons used for in machines?

PHYSICS

(b) Name an industrial machine that uses

pistons.
2(5)

8 A 50 N force is applied to a piston with an area of 10 cm2. If this pressure is transferred

to a piston of area 250 cm2, what is the force on the larger piston?

(10)

9 (a) What is the cause of atmospheric pressure?

(b) Why is the atmospheric pressure in Dublin greater than in Mexico City?

2(5)

146
 Chapter 37 Pressure Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 10 (a) How does a mercury barometer measure atmospheric pressure?

(b) Name one instrument that uses a barometer.

2(5)

Higher level only

10 (a) What do the lines on a weather chart show?

PHYSICS
(5)

(b) Name the type of weather that is usually associated with:

(i) low pressure

(3)
(ii) high pressure

(2)

147
 Chapter 38 Work, Energy and Power
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 38 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) Define what is meant in physics by work.

(b) Write down the equation that is used to calculate

work.
2(5)

2 (a) What is the unit of work in terms of standard units?

(b) This unit is also named after a scientist. Which one?

2(5)

3 Write down five everyday examples of forces doing work.

PHYSICS

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

4 (a) What is energy?

(b) Name four forms of energy.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)
5(2)

5 Write down the principle of the conservation of energy.

(10)
148
 Chapter 38 Work, Energy and Power Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Write down whether the following sources of energy are renewable or non-renewable.

Source of Renewable or Source of Renewable or

energy non-renewable? energy non-renewable?

Oil Wind

Solar Geothermal

Coal 5(2)

7 Give two reasons why the sun is considered to be our primary source of energy.

(a)

(b)

2(5)

8 Write down two reasons why it is important to conserve energy.

PHYSICS
(a)

(b)

2(5)

9 Write two energy conversions that happen when using a hair dryer.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

* 10 (a) What is meant in physics by the word ’power’?

(b) What are the standard units of power? 2(5)

149
 Chapter 38 Work, Energy and Power Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

10 (a) What is meant in physics by the word ’power’?

(b) A force of 30 N moves an object a distance of 100 m in 30 seconds.

What power is being produced?

2(5)

Mandatory Activity 23A Questions

Converting electrical energy to magnetic energy to kinetic energy (Textbook page 284)

1 Where is the electrical energy stored in this activity?

PHYSICS

2 What kind of energy is stored in the coil around the nail when the current flows in the

circuit?

3 What is kinetic energy?

4 Name two changes you would make in the activity to increase the magnetic

energy in the coil and nail.

(a) (b)

5 If the battery is disconnected while the paper clips are attached to the nail, what happens?

150
 Chapter 38 Work, Energy and Power Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 23B Questions

Converting light energy to electrical energy to kinetic energy (Textbook page 285)

1 In this activity, what energy conversion happens in the solar panel?

2 What energy conversion happens in the motor?

3 How could you show that the energy in the solar cells comes from light and not
from some other energy source?

4 Not all of the light energy is converted to kinetic energy in this

PHYSICS
activity. Can you suggest where the other energy goes?

Mandatory Activity 23C Questions

Converting chemical energy to electrical energy to heat energy (Textbook page 285)

1 Describe the energy changes that take place when a dynamo on a bicycle is used to
provide light.

2 In which piece of apparatus is electrical energy converted into heat energy?

3 What is the function of the thermometer in this activity?

4 What does the principle of the conservation of energy say?

5 Name a household appliance that converts one type of energy to another.

6 What are the energy conversions involved in the appliance you chose?

151
 Chapter 39 Heat and Heat Transfer
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 39 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) What is heat?

(3)

(b) What are the units of heat?

(3)

(c) Use arrows to show the direction heat flows between

Ice
the ice and the water in the diagram.

(4)
Water
PHYSICS

2 Complete the following.

(a) When a solid is heated it .

(b) When a solid cools it . 2(5)

3 (a) What is a thermometer?

(b) What changes in a thermometer when the temperature changes?

2(5)

4 (a) Describe what happens to water as it cools from 10°C to 0°C.

152
Chapter 39 Heat and Heat Transfer Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

(b) What does this tell you about the density of ice and water?

2(5)

5 (a) What is temperature?

(b) Name one important difference between heat and temperature.

2(5)

6 (a) What property of liquids is used in a thermometer?

PHYSICS
(b) Which two special points are used to fix the Celsius temperature scale?
2(5)

7 (a) Why does food cook more quickly in a pressure cooker than in a saucepan?

(b) Why does water boil at a lower temperature on the top of Mont Blanc than at

sea level?

2(5)

8 (a) Name three states of matter.

(i) (2)

(ii) (2)

(iii) (2)

(b) What quantity is either absorbed or emitted when matter changes state?

(4)

153
 Chapter 39 Heat and Heat Transfer Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 9 (a) Name the three ways in which heat is transferred.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

3(2)

(b) In heat terms what is

(i) an insulator?

(ii) a conductor?

2(2)
PHYSICS

* 10 List five ways in which heat can be conserved in the home.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

Higher level only

9 Explain how you would show that water is a poor conductor of heat.

(10)

154
 Chapter 39 Heat and Heat Transfer Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

10 The graph below shows a cooling curve for a substance. Explain, in heat energy terms,

what is happening when the curve is flat.

PHYSICS
(10)

Mandatory Activity 24A Questions

To investigate the expansion and contraction of solids when heated and cooled
(Textbook page 289)

1 What piece of apparatus is used to heat the ball and ring in this activity?

2 Why is the handle of the ball and ring made of wood instead of metal?

3 What happens to the ball when it is heated?

4 What happens to the ball when it cools again?

155
 Chapter 39 Heat and Heat Transfer Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 24B Questions

To investigate the expansion and contraction of liquids when they are heated and cooled
(Textbook page 290)

1 How do you see the expansion of the liquid when it is heated in this activity?

2 What is observed when the liquid in the flask is allowed to cool?

3 What energy conversion has taken place in this activity?

4 When water freezes it expands. Explain why this seems to be unusual.

PHYSICS

Mandatory Activity 24C Questions

To investigate the expansion and contraction of gases when they are heated and cooled
(Textbook page 291)

1 What is observed in the water when the flask is heated in this activity?

2 What are the bubbles made of?

3 Explain what happens when the flask is allowed to cool. Why does this happen?

4 What moves through the air using the idea in this activity?

156
 Chapter 39 Heat and Heat Transfer Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 25A Questions

To show the transfer of heat energy by conduction (Textbook page 295)

1 Explain the term conduction.

2 When the boiling water is poured into the

tank, it should be poured in evenly along

the length of the tank and not just at one
end. Why is this?

PHYSICS
3 List the following metals in the order of better conductor: aluminium, iron, copper.

4 How do you know that the heat moved down the rods by conduction and not by convection?

Mandatory Activity 25B Questions

To demonstrate the transfer of heat by convection in water (Textbook page 295)

1 What is the purpose of the potassium permanganate in this activity?

2 Which part of the water heats up first?

3 What causes the currents in the water?

4 Explain the term convection.

157
 Chapter 39 Heat and Heat Transfer Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Mandatory Activity 25C Questions

To show the transfer of heat by radiation from two different surfaces
(Textbook page 296)

1 In this activity, why is it important that both cans contain the same amount of water?

2 What piece of apparatus is used to measure the temperature of the water?

3 Explain the term radiation.

PHYSICS

4 Why do you think the black can is a better radiator than the shiny one?

Mandatory Activity 25D Questions

To investigate the transfer of heat in water by conduction
(Textbook page 296)

1 Why do you cover the ice with a piece of wire in this activity?

2 What can you say about water as a result of this activity?

3 Divers often use ’wet-suits’. When in water there is a layer of water between the

body and the suit. Explain why this layer of water helps to keep the diver warm.

158
Chapter 40 Light
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 40 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) What is light?

(b) Name two main sources of light.

(i)

(ii)
(4, 3, 3)

2 Give two examples of how light can be changed into another energy form.

(a)

PHYSICS
(b)

2(5)

3 Name two things that show that light travels in straight lines.

(a)

(b)

2(5)

4 Define the following terms.

(a) a luminous body

(b) a non-luminous body

2(5)
159
 Chapter 40 Light Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 Give two examples of luminous bodies and two examples of non-luminous bodies.

(a) luminous bodies

(i)
(ii) (5)

(b) non-luminous bodies

(i)
(ii) (5)

6 (a) Name five of the colours that make up

light.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)
5(1)
(v)

(b) Describe one way in which light can be separated into its colours.
PHYSICS

(5)

7 Describe two everyday situations when you might see the colours that make up light.

(a)

(b)
2(5)

* 8 (a) Why can you see an image of yourself in a mirror?

(4)

(b) Write down three examples of the everyday use of mirrors.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)
3(2)

* 9 (a) A telescope is made using two .

(b) What is a telescope used for?

2(5)
160
 Chapter 40 Light Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

* 10 Complete the ray diagrams below showing how the ray of light travels.
(a) (b) 2(5)

Higher level only

8 (a) What is dispersion?

PHYSICS
(b) How is a rainbow formed?

2(5)

9 (a) Explain the term refraction.

(b) Complete the following ray diagram showing how the ray comes out the other side

of the block.

2(5)

161
 Chapter 40 Light Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

10 (a) Name one important everyday application of refraction.

(b) Name an everyday object that uses refraction.

2(5)

Mandatory Activity 26 Questions

To show that light travels in straight lines (Textbook page 300)

1 What might you use to help you keep the holes in the cardboard in a straight line in this

activity?
PHYSICS

2 What property of light is shown by this activity?

3 Are there any times when light does not travel in straight lines? Give one example.

Mandatory Activity 27A Questions

To investigate the reflection of light by a plane mirror (Textbook page 302)

1 What is meant by a ‘plane’ mirror?

2 Draw a diagram showing at least two rays of light going to a mirror and leaving a mirror.

162
 Chapter 40 Light Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

3 What can you say about the rays going to and from the mirror?

4 Draw a diagram to show what would happen to the rays of light if the mirror had a very

uneven surface.

Mandatory Activity 27B Questions

PHYSICS
To demonstrate the operation of a simple periscope (Textbook page 303)

1 Name a use for a periscope.

2 Why must the two mirrors be at an angle of

45 degrees?

3 Draw a ray diagram for the periscope showing how a ray of light reaches the eye from a

distant object.

163
 Chapter 41 Sound
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 41 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 (a) What is sound?

(b) How is sound produced?

2(5)

2 Write down five examples of objects that can be used to create sound.

(a)

(b)

(c)
PHYSICS

(d)

(e) 5(2)

3 Name two forms of energy that can be produced using sound energy.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

4 Imagine you are in deep space. Explain why you might see an exploding star but you

could not hear the explosion.

(10)

5 The speed of sound is about 340 m/s. The speed is not constant because it depends
on at least two factors. Name these.
(a)

(b) 2(5)
164
Chapter 41 Sound Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 Give two examples of events that show that the speed of sound is very much slower
than the speed of light.
(a)

(b)

2(5)

7 Why is it important that we protect our ears from very loud sounds?

(10)

8 Define the following terms:

(a) an echo

PHYSICS
(b) ultrasound

2(5)

9 The velocity of sound in water is 1500 m/s.

A ship’s sonograph sends a signal to the

bottom of the sea and the reflected
wave reaches back to the ship in 2
seconds. How deep is the sea at this
point?

(10)

10 (a) What is a sonogram?

(b) Name one use of sonograms.

2(5)
165
 Chapter 42 Magnetism
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 42 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Magnetic forces can act in two ways. How are these ways named?

(a)

(b) 2(5)

2 The ends of a magnet are named:

and 2(5)

3 Complete the following statement.

‘Opposite poles of a magnet and like poles of a
magnet .’ 2(5)

4 (a) What is a compass?

PHYSICS

(b) What is a compass used for?

2(5)

5 Name two metals that are attracted to a magnet.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

6 What is meant by the term ‘magnetic field’?

(10)

7 Draw a picture of the magnetic field around the bar magnet below. (10)
Indicate the direction of the field using arrows.
166
Chapter 42 Magnetism Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

8 Name two household items that contain magnets.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

9 Why does a compass needle always point in the same direction on the earth?

(10)

10 Draw a picture illustrating the magnetic field of the earth. (10)

PHYSICS
Mandatory Activity 28 Questions
To plot the magnetic field of a bar magnet (Textbook page 316)

1 Name the two poles of a bar magnet. and

2 What are the curves called that you get when you join up the dots you plot in this activity?

3 In which direction do you put the arrow on the curves you have drawn?

4 What do we mean by a ’magnetic field’?

167
 Chapter 43 Static and Current Electricity
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 43 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Some combs can pick up small pieces of paper when they are rubbed.

What is this force due to? (10)

2 The atom is made of protons, neutrons and electrons. Two of these have charge. Which two
and what is their charge?

Particle Charge

(5)

(5)

3 Use symbols to show the possible charges on the rod and ball in the diagrams.
PHYSICS

(a) (b) 2(5)

Rod Rod

Ball Ball

First possibility Second possibility

4 In electrical terms, define the following:

(a) an insulator

(3)

(b) a conductor

(3)

(c) earth

(4)

5 (a) What is a lightning rod?

(b) What does a lightning rod do?

2(5)
168
 Chapter 43 Static and Current Electricity Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

6 (a) What is current electricity?

(b) Name a device that causes current to flow.

2(5)

7 Complete the following statement.

’The pull on the electrons in a circuit is commonly called the
or the of a battery.’ 2(5)

8 (a) In electricity terms, what is ’resistance’?

(b) What is the energy needed to push charge through a body called?

2(5)

PHYSICS
9 (a) How are voltage and current related in a metal resistor?

(b) Write a mathematical equation to show the relationship between voltage, current

and resistance.

2(5)

10 (a) What are the two ways in which bulbs can be connected in
circuits?
(3)
(i)
(3)
(ii)

(b) Draw two diagrams illustrating the circuits named in part (a).

(i) (2)
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(ii) (2)

Mandatory Activity 29 Questions

To test the electrical conduction of various materials (Textbook page 322)

1 Draw the symbols for (a) a battery, (b) a bulb, (c) a switch.
PHYSICS

2 Fill in the table below depending on whether the bulb lights or not when the material is put
in the circuit in this activity.

Material Bulb lights Bulb does not light

Strip of iron
Strip of steel
Brass
Wood
Plastic
Cardboard

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 Chapter 43 Static and Current Electricity Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

3 If the wires on the poles of the battery were switched, would this make any difference

to the activity?

4 What is the difference between an electrical conductor and an insulator?

5 Why do we use a battery to give a current and not the mains supply from a socket?

PHYSICS
Mandatory Activity 30 Questions

To establish the relationship between current, potential difference and resistance

in part of a circuit (Textbook page 324)

1 Draw the circuit diagram for this activity.

2 What is the function of the ammeter?

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 Chapter 43 Static and Current Electricity Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

3 What is the function of the voltmeter?

4 Why is there a variable resistor in the circuit?

5 On the graph that you draw with your data, which quantity goes on which axis

of your graph?
x-axis: y-axis:

6 What kind of a graph do you get when you join the data points on the graph?
PHYSICS

7 What does the graph tell you about the relationship between the current in

the resistor and the voltage across the resistor?

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Chapter 44 Uses and Effects of Electricity
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 44 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Define the following terms:

(a) direct current

(b) alternating current

2(5)

2 Name and describe the functions of the three pins on a

plug. (c)
(1)
(a) Name:

Function: (a)

PHYSICS
(2)
(b)

(b) Name:
(1)
Function:

(2)

(c) Name:
(1)

Function:

(2)
The wire to which of these pins is coloured blue?
(1)

3 (a) What is the function of a fuse or a circuit breaker in an electrical circuit?

(b) What is the difference between a fuse and a circuit breaker?

2(5)

4 Name the appliances that might be on two different circuits in a

house. Circuit 1
Circuit 2 2(5)
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 Chapter 44 Uses and Effects of Electricity Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 Name two energy sources that are used to make electricity.

(a)

(b) 2(5)

6 (a) What is a kilowatt hour?

(b) What is this unit used for?

2(5)

7 (a) What is the cost of running an electric heater with a power rating of 3 kW for 3

hours if the charge for a kilowatt hour is 12.73c?

PHYSICS

(b) What is the cost of running a hair dryer with a power rating of 1.2 kW for 15

minutes if the charge for a kilowatt hour is 12.73c?

2(5)

* 8 (a) Name one effect of electrical current.

(b) Name two household appliances that use this effect.

and 2(5)

* 9 Explain what happens in a fuse when too much current is allowed to flow through it.

(10)

* 10 Explain, using the atomic particles, what is happening when a wire heats up as
current flows through it.

(10)

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 Chapter 44 Uses and Effects of Electricity Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Higher level only

8 Name the three main effects of electricity.

(a) (3)

(b) (3)

(c) (4)

9 Explain the following terms:

(a) electroplating

(b) electro-painting

2(5)

10 (a) Explain how an electromagnet works.

PHYSICS
(b) Name one appliance that contains an
electromagnet.
2(5)
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 Chapter 45 Electronics
Ordinary & higher level
Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

Chapter 45 Theory Questions

Name: Date:

1 Name five household appliances that contain electronic circuits.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) 5(2)

2 What is the purpose of electronics?

PHYSICS

(10)

3 Define the following terms:

(a) switch

(3)

(b) resistor

(3)

(c) diode

(4)

4 Draw the circuit symbol for each of the components in the following
table.
176

Component Symbol

Switch

Battery

Bulb

Diode

Light-dependent resistor
5(2)
 Chapter 45 Electronics Edco Exploring Science (Revised Edition)

5 (a) Name one important use of a diode.

(b) Name an appliance in the home that cannot work with alternating
current.
2(5)

6 (a) What is a light-emitting diode?

(b) Why is there always a resistor in series with a LED in a circuit?

2(5)

PHYSICS
7 Describe the use of LEDs in a calculator or electronic alarm clock.

(10)

(a) 8 (i) Name the components labelled (a), (b), (c) and (d).

(a) (b) (c) (d) 4(2)

A (b) (ii) What do the arrows mean which are

(c) (d) indicated at (d)

(2)

9 Complete the following statements about LDRs.

’If very little light falls on an LDR, its is very

and it will allow little current to flow.

If intense light falls on an LDR, its is very

and it will allow a lot of current to flow through it.’ (3, 2, 3, 2)

10 Name two uses of the light-dependent resistor in circuits.

(a)

(b) 2(5)
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Your Notes
PHYSICS

178