The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) 509

1. The gas used in air ships is : O O

(a) He (b) Ne (c) Ar (d) Xe
P P
2. When orthophosphoric acid is heated to 600°C, the product (c) HO (d) H
formed is OH OOH
OH OH
(a) PH3 (b) P2O5 (c) H3PO3 (d) HPO3 17. With which of the given pairs CO2 resembles?
3. Which one has the lowest boiling point ? (a) HgCl2, C2H2 (b) HgCl2, SnCl4
(a) NH3 (b) PH3 (c) AsH3 (d) SbH3 (c) C2H2, NO2 (d) N2O and NO2
4. Least stable oxide of chlorine is : 18. The number of hydrogen atom(s) attached to phosphorus
(a) Cl2O (b) ClO2 (c) Cl2O7 (d) ClO3 atom in hypophosphorous acid is
5. Which of the following statements is not correct for (a) three (b) one (c) two (d) zero
nitrogen? 18. Nitrogen dioxide cannot be obtained by heating :
(a) Its electronegativity is very high (a) KNO3 (b) Pb(NO3)2 (c) Cu(NO3)2(d) AgNO3
(b) d-orbitals are available for bonding 20. Which of the following has the highest pp – pp bonding
(c) It is a typical non-metal tendency ?
(d) Its molecular size is small (a) N (b) P (c) As (d) Sb
6. P2O5 is heated with water to give 21. Concentrated sulphuric acid is always diluted by adding
(a) hypophosphorous acid(b) phosphorous acid (a) water to acid
(c) hypophosphoric acid (d) orthophosphoric acid (b) alcohol to acid
7. The gas not absorbed by coconut charcoal is : (c) acid to water
(a) He (b) Ne (c) Ar (d) Kr (d) distilled water to acid
8. PCl3 reacts with water to form 22. Most acidic oxide among the following is –
(a) PH3 (b) H3PO4 and HCl (a) N2O5 (b) P2O5 (c) N2O4 (d) As 2 O 3
(c) POCl3 (d) H3PO4 23. Nitrogen reacts with calcium and carbon to give –
9. PH4I + NaOH forms (a) calcium nitride (b) calcium cyanide
(a) PH3 (b) NH3 (c) P4O6 (d) P4 O10 (c) calcium cyanamide (d) calcium nitrate
10. Pure nitrogen is prepared in the laboratory by heating a mixture 24. The most efficient agent for the absorption of SO3 is :
of (a) 80% H2SO4 (b) 98% H2SO4
(a) NH4OH + NaCl (b) NH4NO3 + NaCl (c) 50% H2SO4 (d) 20% H2S2O7
(c) NH4Cl + NaOH (d) NH4Cl + NaNO2.
25. NH 4 ClO4 + HNO 3 (dil.) ¾¾ ® HClO 4 + [X]
11. Sugarcane on reaction with nitric acid gives
D
(a) CO2 and SO2 (b) (COOH)2 [X] ¾¾
® Y(g)
(c) HCOOH (d) No reaction occurs [X] and [Y] are respectively –
12. The acid which cannot be kept in glass bottles is : (a) NH4NO3 & N2O (b) NH4NO2 & N2
(a) HCl (b) HBr (c) HF (d) HI (c) HNO4 & O2 (d) None of these
13. Nitrogen is relatively inactive element because 26. NH3 gas can be dried by ?
(a) its atom has a stable electronic configuration (a) conc. H2SO4 (b) P2O5
(b) it has low atomic radius (c) CaO (d) CaCl2
(c) its electronegativity is fairly high
(d) dissociation energy of its molecule is fairly high 28. In Haber’s process for the manufacture of NH 3 :
14. H3PO2 is the molecular formula of an acid of phosphorus. (a) finely divided nickel is used as a catalyst
Its name and basicity respectively are (b) finely divided iron is used as a catalyst
(a) phosphorus acid and two (c) finely divided molybdenum is used as a catalyst
(b) hypophosphorous acid and two (d) no catalyst is necessary
(c) hypophosphorous acid and one 29. Chlorine upon reaction with NaOH in cold yields:
(d) hypophosphoric acid and two (a) NaCl, NaClO, H 2 O (b) NaCl, NaClO3 , H 2 O
15. As compared to nitrogen, oxygen is
(c) NaClO, NaClO3 , H 2 O (d) NaCl, H 2 O
(a) less electronegative and less reactive
(b) more electronegative and less reactive 30. Ammonia on reaction with hypochlorite anion can form :
(c) more electronegative and more reactive (a) NO (b) N2H4
(d) less electronegative and more reactive (c) NH4Cl (d) Both (b) and (c)
16. The structural formula of hypophosphorous acid is 30. How many bonding electron pairs are there in white
phosphorus ?
O O (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 5
P P 31. Nitrogen is obtained when NaNO2 reacts with :
(a) H (b) H (a) NH4Cl (b) NH4NO3
OH OH
H OH (c) (NH4)2CO3 (d) NH4OH
 510 CHEMISTRY

32. The sides of safety matches contains : 47. In the manufacture of bromine from sea water, the mother
(a) red phosphorous + sand powder liquor containing bromides is treated with
(b) P4S3 (a) CO2 (b) I2 (c) Cl2 (d) H2O
(c) Ca3(PO4) + glass pieces 48. Oxidation of thiosulphate by iodine gives
(d) KClO3, KNO3, sulphur + antimony (a) tetrathionate ion (b) sulphide ion
33. One mole of magnesium nitride on reaction with an excess of (c) sulphate ion (d) sulphite ion
water gives 49. When PbO2 reacts with conc. HNO3 the gas evolved is
(a) one mole of NH3 (b) two moles of NH3 (a) NO2 (b) O2 (c) N2 (d) N2O
(c) one mole of HNO3 (d) two moles of HNO3 50. The compound which gives off oxygen on moderate heating
34. The bonds present in N2O5 are : is :
(a) only ionic (b) covalent and coordinate (a) cupric oxide (b) mercuric oxide
(c) only covalent (d) covalent and ionic (c) zinc oxide (d) aluminium oxide
35. Which of the following oxides of nitrogen is a coloured gas? 51. The oxide which form dimer is :
(a) N2O (b) NO (c) N2O5 (d) NO2 (a) N2O5 (b) N2O (c) NO2 (d) N2O3
36. One mole of calcium phosphide on reaction with excess water 52. On electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid using platinum
gives electrodes, the product obtained at the anode will be
(a) one mole of phosphine (a) hydrogen (b) oxygen
(b) two moles of phosphoric acid (c) hydrogen sulphide (d) sulphur dioxide.
(c) two moles of phosphine 53. Which compound is used in photography?
(d) one mole of phosphorus pentoxide (a) Na2SO5 (b) Na2S2O8
37. Which of the following is not a chalcogen : (c) Na2S2O6 (d) Na2S2O3
(a) Se (b) O (c) S (d) Na 54. Which among the following is strongest acid?
38. The number of P – O – P bonds in cyclic metaphosphoric (a) H(ClO)O2 (b) H(ClO)O3
(c) H(ClO)O (d) H(ClO)
acid is
55. Sodium thiosulphate is a
(a) zero (b) two (c) three (d) four
(a) reducing agent (b) oxidising agent
39. Nitrogen is obtained by the thermal decomposition of :
(c) complexing agent (d) bleaching agent
(a) NH4NO2 (b) NH4NO3
56. A gas that cannot be collected over water is :
(c) AgNO3 (d) Pb(NO3)2
(a) N2 (b) O2 (c) SO2 (d) PH3
40. The gases respectively absorbed by alkaline pyrogallol and
57. Sodium thiosulphate is prepared by
oil of cinnamon are
(a) reducing Na2SO4 solution with H2S
(a) O3 and CH4 (b) O2 and O3
(b) boiling Na2SO3 solution with S in alkaline medium
(c) SO2 and CH4 (d) N2O and O3. (c) neutralising H2S2O3 solution with NaOH
41. It is possible to obtain oxygen from air by fractional (d) boiling Na2SO3 solution with S in acidic medium
distillation because 58. Which of the following is not oxidized by O3 ?
(a) oxygen is in a different group of the periodic table from (a) KI (b) FeSO4 (c) KMnO4 (d) K2MnO4
nitrogen 59. Laughing gas is prepared by heating :
(b) oxygen is more reactive than nitrogen (a) NH4Cl + NaNO3 (b) NH4Cl
(c) oxygen has higher b.p. than nitrogen (c) (NH4)2SO4 (d) NH4NO2
(d) oxygen has a lower density than nitrogen. 60. 4HNO3 + P4 O10 ® 4HPO3 + X In the above reaction, the
42. Which would quickly absorb oxygen ? product X is
(a) Alkaline solution of pyrogallol (a) NO 2 (b) N 2 O3 (c) N 2 O 4 (d) N 2 O5
(b) Conc. H 2SO 4 61. In the manufacture of bromine from sea water, the mother
(c) Lime water liquor containing bromides is treated with
(d) Alkaline solution of CuSO 4 (a) carbon dioxide (b) chlorine
(c) iodine (d) sulphur dioxide
43. Which one of the following is a correct statement : 62. Which of the following species has four lone pairs of
(a) all metal nitrates are insoluble in water electrons?
(b) solubility depends on temperature (a) I (b) O - (c) Cl - (d) He
(c) all metal nitrates are soluble in water 63. A solution of potassium bromide is treated with each of the
(d) all metal nitrates are soluble in alcohol following. Which one would liberate bromine ?
44. Polyanion formation is maximum in (a) Hydrogen iodide (b) Sulphur dioxide
(a) nitrogen (b) oxygen (c) Chlorine (d) Iodine
(c) sulphur (d) boron 64. Which one of the following oxides of chlorine is obtained
45. The acid which has a peroxy linkage is by passing dry chlorine over silver chlorate at 90°C ?
(a) sulphurous acid (b) pyrosulphuric acid
(a) Cl2 O (b) ClO 3 (c) ClO 2 (d) ClO 4
(c) dithionic acid (d) caro’s acid
65. Ammonia and sodium hypochlorite reacts to produce
46. By passing H 2S gas in acidified KMnO4 solution, we get
(a) NH 2OH (b) NH 2 NH 2
(a) S (b) K2S (c) MnO2 (d) K2SO3 (c) N 2 (d) NO
 The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) 511

66. Which one is the correct order of the size of iodine species? 84. Hydrolysis of NCl3 gives NH3 and X. Which of the following
(a) I > I+ > I– (b) I > I– > I+ is X ?
+ –
(c) I > I > I (d) I– > I > I+ (a) HClO4 (b) HClO3 (c) HOCl (d) HClO2
67. A one litre flask is full of brown bromine vapours. The 85. Which one of the following noble gases is not found in the
intensity of brown colour of vapours will not decrease atmosphere
appreciably on adding to the flask some (a) Rn (b) Kr (c) Ne (d) Ar
(a) pieces of marble (b) animal charcoal powder 86. Noble gases are group of elements which exhibit
(c) carbon tetrachloride (d) carbon disulphide (a) high chemical activity
68. Which of the following is the best description for the
(b) low chemical activity
behaviour of bromine in the reaction given below ?
(c) minimum electronegativity
H 2 O + Br2 ® HOBr + HBr (d) paramagnetic properties
(a) Proton acceptor only 87. PbO2 on reaction with conc. HNO3 gives
(b) Both oxidized and reduced
(a) PbNO2 + O2
(c) Oxidized only
(d) Reduced only 1
(b) Pb(NO3)2 + H2O + O 2
69. P2 O5 is an anhydride of 2
(c) Pb + N2 + H2O
(a) HPO 3 (b) H 3 PO 4 (d) Pb(OH)2 + N2O
(c) H 3PO 3 (d) H2 P2O7 88. In nitrogen family, the H-M-H bond angle in the hydrides
70. The correct order of the thermal stability of hydrogen halides gradually becomes closer to 90º on going from N to Sb. This
(H–X) is shows that gradually
(a) HI > HCl < HF > HBr (b) HCl< HF > HBr < HI (a) The basic strength of the hydrides increases
(c) HF > HCl > HBr > HI (d) HI < HBr > HCl < HF (b) Almost pure p-orbitals are used for M-H bonding
71. Cl2 reacts with hot and conc. NaOH to give – (c) The bond energies of M-H bonds increase
(a) NaClO (b) NaClO3 (c) NaClO2 (d) NaClO4 (d) The bond pairs of electrons become nearer to the central
72. Oleum is a mixture of
atom
(a) H 2SO 4 + SO 2 (b) H 2SO 4 + SO 3 89. Perdisulphuric acid has the following bond
(c) H 2 S 2 O 3 + SO 3 (d) H 2 S 2 O 3 + SO 2
73. Conc. HNO3 reacts with I2 to form : (a) O ¬¾ ¾O=O (b) ¬¾ ¾ O = O ¾¾ ®
(a) HI (b) HOI (c) HIO2 (d) HIO3 (c) > O ® O < (d) – O – O –
74. For a given alcohol the order of reactivity of halogen acids 90. Which one of the following statements regarding helium is
is: incorrect ?
(a) HI > HBr > HCl (b) HCl > HBr < HI (a) It is used to pr oduce an d sustain powerful
(c) HI < HBr < HCl (d) HCl < HI < HBr superconducting magnets.
75. Which of the following has maximum bond energy? (b) It is used as a cryogenic agent for carrying out
(a) Cl2 (b) F2 (c) Br2 (d) I2 experiments at low temperatures.
76. Which of the following product is formed by the reaction of (c) It is used to fill gas balloons instead of hydrogen
sulphur dioxide with chlorine in presence of sunlight :
because it is lighter and non-inflammable.
(a) SO2Cl (b) SO2Cl2 (c) SOCl2 (d) SO3Cl
77. Fluorine exhibits an oxidation state of only –1 because (d) It is used in gas-cooled nuclear reactors.
(a) it can readily accept an electron 91. The formation of O2+[PtF6]– is the basis for the formation of
(b) it is very strongly electronegative xenon fluorides. This is because
(c) it is a non-metal (a) O2 and Xe have comparable sizes
(d) it belongs to halogen family (b) both O2 and Xe are gases
78. In XeF2, XeF4, XeF6 the number of lone pairs on Xe are (c) O2 and Xe have comparable ionisation energies
respectively (d) Both (a) and (c)
(a) 2, 3, 1 (b) 1, 2, 3 (c) 4, 1, 2 (d) 3, 2, 1. 92. The species not containing peroxide ions is :
79. Formula for tear gas is : (a) H2O2 (b) PbO2 (c) SrO2 (d) BaO2
(a) COCl2 (b) CCl3NO2 93. Which one of the following orders correctly represents the
(c) N2O (d) none of these increasing acid strengths of the given acids?
80. Which of the following is least polarisable ? (a) HOClO < HOCl < HOClO3 < HOClO2
(a) Ne (b) He (c) Xe (d) Kr (b) HOClO2 < HOClO3 < HOClO < HOCl
81. End-product of the hydrolysis of XeF6 is (c) HOClO3 < HOClO2 < HOClO < HOCl
(a) XeF4O (b) XeF2O2 (c) XeO3 (d) XeO3 – (d) HOCl < HOClO < HOClO2 < HOClO3
82. For advertisement, the coloured discharge tubes contain : 94. Which one of the following arrangements does not give the
(a) He (b) Ne (c) Ar (d) Kr correct picture of the trends indicated against it ?
83. Noble gases do not react with other elements because
(a) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 : Oxidizing power
(a) they have completely filled valence shell (ns2np6)
(b) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 : Electron gain enthalpy
(b) the sizes of their atoms are very small
(c) they are not found in abundance (c) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 : Bond dissociation energy
(d) they are monoatomic (d) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 : Electronegativity.
 512 CHEMISTRY

95. In the case of alkali metals, the covalent character decreases (a) Cl 2 O < ClO 2 < ClO 2– (b) ClO 2 < Cl 2 O < ClO 2–
in the order: (c) Cl 2 O < ClO 2– < ClO 2 (d) ClO 2– < Cl 2 O < ClO 2
(a) MF > MCl > MBr > MI
(b) MF > MCl > MI > MBr 98. Oxidation states of P in H4 P2O5 , H4 P2O6 , and H4 P2O7 ,
(c) MI > MBr > MCl > MF are respectively:
(d) MCl > MI > MBr > MF (a) + 3, + 5, + 4 (b) + 5, + 3, + 4
96. Among the following which is the strongest oxidising agent? (c) + 5, + 4, + 3 (d) + 3, + 4, + 5
(a) Br2 (b) I2 (c) Cl2 (d) F2 99. Which one of the following compounds is a peroxide ?
97. The correct order of increasing bond angles in the following (a) KO 2 (b) BaO2 (c) MnO 2 (d) NO 2
species are : 100. How many bridging oxygen atoms are present in P4O10?
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 2

1. In which of the following, NH4OH is not used? 11. The ease of liquefaction of noble gases increases in the
(a) Tollen’s reagent order
(b) Nessler’s reagent (a) He < Ne < Ar < Kr < Xe (b) Xe < Kr < Ne < Ar < He
(c) Group reagent for the analysis of IV group basic radicals (c) Kr < Xe < He < Ne < Ar (d) Ar < Kr < Xe < Ne < He
(d) Group reagent for the analysis of III group basic radicals 12. Which of the following represents correct sequence of
2. Which of the following oxides will be the least acidic? decreasing acidic character of oxides?
(a) As 4 O 6 (b) As 4 O10 (a) N2O5 > NO > N2O (b) MnO > MnO2 > MnO4–
(c) P4 O10 (d) P4O6 (c) Cr2O3 > CrO4– (d) Fe2O3 > FeO > Fe3O4
3. Noble gases are used in discharge tubes to gives different 13. The solubility of silver bromide in hypo solution is due to
colours. Reddish orange glow is due to the formation of :
(a) Ar (b) Ne (c) Xe (d) Kr (a) Ag2SO3 (b) Ag2S2O3
4. Which of the following species has the highest dipole moment ? (c) Ag+ (d) NH +4
(a) NH3 (b) PH3
(c) AsH3 (d) SbH3 14. The correct decreasing order of basic strength is:
5. Which of the following bonds will be most polar? (a) AsH3 > SbH3 > PH3 > NH3
(a) N – Cl (b) O – F (b) SbH 3 > AsH 3 > PH 3 > NH 3
(c) N – F (d) N – N (c) NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3
6. When Br2 is treated with aqueous solutions of NaF, NaCl (d) PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3 > NH 3
and NaI separately 15. Oxygen and sulphur both are the members of the same group
(a) F2, Cl2 and I2 are liberated in periodic table but H2O is liquid while H2S is gas because
(b) only F2 and Cl2 are liberated (a) molecular weight of water is more
(c) only I2 is liberated (b) electronegativity of sulphur is more
(d) only Cl2 is liberated (c) H2S is weak acid
7. Regarding F– and Cl– which of the following statements is/ (d) water molecules are having weak hydrogen bonds
are correct? between them
(i) Cl– can give up an electron more easily than F– 16. Euchlorine is a mixture of
(ii) Cl– is a better reducing agent than F– (a) Cl2 and SO2 (b) Cl2 and ClO2
(iii) Cl– is smaller in size than F– (c) Cl2 and CO (d) None of these
(iv) F– can be oxidized more readily than Cl– 17. The correct order of heat of formation of halogen acids is
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) (a) HI > HBr > HCl > HF (b) HF > HCl > HBr > HI
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) Only (i) (c) HCl > HF > HBr > HI (d) HCl > HBr > HF > HI
8. The p-block element that forms predominantly basic oxide is 18. Which of the following acts as pickling agent?
(a) N (b) P (c) As (d) Bi (a) HNO3 (b) HCl (c) H2SO4 (d) HNO2
9. In case of nitrogen, NCl3 is possible but not NCl5 while in 19. KF combines with HF to form KHF2. The compound contains
case of phosphorus, PCl3 as well as PCl5 are possible. It is the species.
due to (a) K+, F– and H+ (b) K+, F– and HF
+
(c) K and [HF2] – (d) [KHF]+ and F–
(a) availability of vacant d orbitals in P but not in N
(b) lower electronegativity of P than N 20. Which of the following iodide is least stable and has doubtful
(c) lower tendency of H-bond formation in P than N existence?
(d) occurrence of P in solid while N in gaseous state at (a) CI4 (b) GeI4 (c) SnI4 (d) PbI4
room temperature. 21. In the preparation of sulphuric acid, V2 O 5 is used in the
10. In which one of the following oxides of nitrogen, one reaction, which is
nitrogen atom is not directly linked to oxygen? (a) S + O 2 ¾¾® SO 2 (b) SO2 + H 2O ¾ ¾® H 2SO4
(a) NO (b) N2O4 (c) N2O (d) N2O3 (c) 2SO2 + O2 ¾ ¾® 2SO3 (d) N 2 + 3H 2 ¾¾® 2 NH 3
 The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) 513

22. In compounds of type ECl3, where E = B, P, As or Bi, the (b) Ozone reacts with SO2 to give SO3.
angles Cl - E- Cl for different E are in the order (c) Silicon reacts with NaOH(aq) in the presence of air to
(a) B > P = As = Bi (b) B > P > As > Bi give Na2SiO3 and H2O.
(c) B < P = As = Bi (d) B < P < As < Bi (d) Cl2 reacts with excess of NH3 to give N2 and HCl.
23. Match List - I (substances) with List - II (processes) employed 34. Regular use of which of the the following fertilizers increases
in the manufacture of the substances and select the correct the acidity of soil?
option. (a) Ammonium sulphate (b) Potassium nitrate
List - I List - II (c) Urea (d) Superphosphate of lime.
Substances Processes 35. Which of the following has maximum number of lone pairs
(A) Sulphuric acid (i) Haber’s process associated with Xe ?
(B) Steel (ii) Bessemer’s process (a) XeF4 (b) XeF6 (c) XeF2 (d) XeO3
(C) Sodium hydroxide (iii) Leblanc process 36. Which of the following statements regarding sulphur is
(D) Ammonia (iv) Contact process incorrect?
Options: (a) S2 molecule is paramagnetic.
(A) (B) (C) (D) (b) The vapours at 200°C consists mostly of S8 rings.
(a) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) (c) At 600°C the gas mainly consists of S2 molecules.
(b) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii) (d) The oxidation state of sulphur is never less than +4 in
(c) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) its compounds.
(d) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) 37. In nitrogen family, the H-M-H bond angle in the hydrides
24. Which of the following statements is not valid for oxoacids gradually becomes closer to 90º on going from N to Sb. This
of phosphorus? shows that gradually
(a) Orthophosphoric acid is used in the manufacture of (a) The basic strength of the hydrides increases
triple superphosphate. (b) Almost pure p-orbitals are used for M-H bonding
(b) Hypophosphorous acid is a diprotic acid. (c) The bond energies of M-H bonds increase
(c) All oxoacids contain tetrahedral four coordinated (d) The bond pairs of electrons become nearer to the central
phosphorus. atom
(d) All oxoacids contain atleast one P = O and one P — OH 38. Which acid has P – P linkage ?
group. (a) Hypophosphoric acid
25. Sulphur trioxide can be obtained by which of the following (b) Pyrophosphoric acid
reaction : (c) Metaphosphoric acid
(d) Orthophosphoric acid
Fe 2 ( SO4 )3 ¾¾
Δ Δ
(a) CaSO 4 + C ¾¾
® (b) ® 39. The no. of S-O-S bonds in cyclic SO3 is
Δ Δ (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) S + H 2SO 4 ¾¾ ® (d) H 2SO 4 + PCl5 ¾¾ ® (c) 3 (d) None of these
26. Which one of the following reactions of xenon compounds 40. Which of the following fluorides does not exist?
is not feasible? (a) NF5 (b) PF5
(a) 3XeF4 + 6H 2 O ¾¾ ® 2Xe + XeO 3 +12HF +1.5O 2 (c) AsF 5 (d) SbF5
(b) 2XeF2 + 2H 2O ¾¾ ® 2Xe + 4HF + O 2 41. Which of the following shows nitrogen with its increasing
order of oxidation number?
(c) XeF6 + RbF ¾¾ ® Rb[XeF7 ] (a) NO < N2O < NO2 < NO3– < NH4+
(d) XeO3 + 6HF ¾¾ ® XeF6 + 3H 2 O (b) NH4+ < N2O < NO2 < NO3– < NO
27. Aqueous solution of Na2S2O3 on reaction with Cl2 gives – (c) NH4+ < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO3–
(a) Na2S4O6 (b) NaHSO4 (d) NH4+ < NO < N2O < NO2 < NO3–
(c) NaCl (d) NaOH 42. When Br2 is treated with aqueous solutions of NaF, NaCl
28. The reaction of P4 with X leads selectively to P4O6. The X is and NaI separately
(a) Dry O2 (a) F2, Cl2 and I2 are liberated
(b) A mixture of O2 and N2 (b) only F2 and Cl2 are liberated
(c) Moist O2 (c) only I2 is liberated
(d) O2 in the presence of aqueous NaOH (d) only Cl2 is liberated
29. Extra pure N2 can be obtained by heating 43. In which one of the following oxides of nitrogen, one
(a) NH3 with CuO (b) NH4NO3 nitrogen atom is not directly linked to oxygen?
(c) (NH4)2Cr2O7 (d) Ba(N3)2 (a) NO (b) N2O4
30. The shape of XeO2F2 molecule is (c) N2O (d) N2O3
(a) trigonal bipyramidal (b) square planar 44. In which of the following, NH4OH is not used?
(c) tetrahedral (d) see-saw (a) Tollen’s reagent
31. Which of the following oxide is amphoteric ? (b) Nessler’s reagent
(a) SnO2 (b) CaO (c) SiO2 (d) CO2 (c) Group reagent for the analysis of IV group basic radicals
32. In which of the following compounds, nitrogen exhibits (d) Group reagent for the analysis of III group basic radicals
highest oxidation state ? 45. The geometry of XeF6 is
(a) N2H4 (b) NH3 (c) N3H (d) NH2OH (a) planar hexagon
33. Identify the incorrect statement among the following. (b) regular octahedron
(a) Br2 reacts with hot and strong NaOH solution to give (c) distorted octahedron
NaBr and H2O. (d) square bipyramid
 514 CHEMISTRY

46. Noble gases are used in discharge tubes to gives different (b) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement-2 is
colours. Reddish orange glow is due lo NOT a correct explanation for Statement - 1
(a) Ar (b) Ne (c) Statement - 1 is True, Statement- 2 is False
(c) Xe (d) Kr (d) Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is True
47. The oxidation state of phosphorus in 48. Statement-1 : White phosphorus is more reactive than red
cyclotrimetaphosphoric acid is phosphorus.
(a) +3 (b) +5 Statement-2 : Red phosphorus consists of P4 tetrahedral
(c) –3 (d) +2 units linked to one another to form linear chains.
DIRECTIONS for Qs. 48 to 50 : These are Assertion-Reason 49. Statement-1 : When a metal is treated with conc. HNO3 it
type questions. Each of these question contains two statements: generally yields a nitrate, NO2 and H2O.
Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason). Answer these Statement-2 : Conc. HNO3 reacts with metal and first
questions from the following four options. produces a metal nitrate and nascent hydrogen. The nascent
(a) Statement- 1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a hydrogen then further reduces HNO3 to NO2.
correct explanation for Statement -1 50. Statement-1 : Bond angle of H2S is smaller than H2O.
Statement-2 : Electronegativity of the central atom increases,
bond angle decreases.

Exemplar Questions strongest reducing agent?

1. On addition of conc. H2SO4 to a chloride salt, colourless Compound NH3 PH3 AsH3 SbH3
fumes are evolved but in case of iodide salt, violet fumes
D diss ( E — H ) / kJ mol -1
389 322 297 255
come out. This is because
(a) H2SO4 reduces HI to I2 (b) HI is of violet colour (a) NH3 (b) PH3
(c) HI gets oxidised to I2 (d) HI changes to HIO3 (c) AsH3 (d) SbH3
2. In qualitative analysis when H2S is passed through an 8. On heating with concentrated NaOH solution in an inert
aqueous solution of salt acidified with dil. HCl, a black atmosphere of CO2, white phosphorus gives a gas. Which
precipitate is obtained. On boiling the precipitate with of the following statement is incorrect about the gas?
dil. HNO3, it forms a solution of blue colour. Addition of (a) It is highly poisonous and has smell like rotten fish
excess of aqueous solution of ammonia to this solution (b) It's solution in water decomposes in the presence of light
gives ............ . (c) It is more basic than NH3
(a) deep blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2 (d) It is less basic than NH3
(b) deep blue solution of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 9. Which of the following acids forms three series of salts?
(c) deep blue solution of Cu(NO3)2 (a) H3PO2 (b) H3BO3
(d) deep blue solution of Cu(OH)2. Cu(NO3)2 (c) H3PO4 (d) H3PO3
3. In a cyclotrimetaphosphoric acid molecule, how many single 10. Strong reducing behaviour of H3PO2 is due to
and double bonds are present? (a) low oxidation state of phosphorus
(a) 3 double bonds; 9 single bonds (b) presence of two — OH groups and one P — H bond
(b) 6 double bonds; 6 single bonds (c) presence of one — OH group and two P — H bonds
(c) 3 double bonds; 12 single bonds (d) high electron gain enthalpy of phosphorus
(d) Zero double bond; 12 single bonds 11. On heating lead nitrate forms oxides of nitrogen and lead.
4. Which of the following elements can be involved in The oxides formed are ................. .
pp – dp bonding? (a) N2O, PbO (b) NO2, PbO
(a) Carbon (b) Nitrogen (c) NO, PbO (d) NO, PbO2
(c) Phosphorus (d) Boron 12. Which of the following elements does not show allotropy?
5. Which of the following pairs of ions are isoelectronic and (a) Nitrogen (b) Bismuth
isostructural? (c) Antimony (d) Arsenic
13. Maximum covalency of nitrogen is ................... .
(a) CO32 - , NO3- (b) ClO3- , CO32-
(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) SO32 - , NO3- (d) ClO3- , SO32 - (c) 4 (d) 6
6. Affinity for hydrogen decreases in the group from fluorine 14. Which of the following statements is wrong?
to iodine. Which of the halogen acids should have highest (a) Single N — N bond is stronger than the single P — P
bond dissociation enthalpy? bond.
(a) HF (b) HCl (b) PH3 can act as a ligand in the formation of coordination
(c) HBr (d) HI compounds with transition elements.
7. Bond dissociation enthalpy of E — H (E = element) bonds is (c) NO2 is paramagnetic in nature.
given below. Which of the following compounds will acts as (d) Covalency of nitrogen in N2O3 is four.
 The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) 515

15. A brown ring is formed in the ring test for NO3- ion. It is due (d) ionic solid with [PCl 4 ]+ tetrahedral and [PCl 6 ] –
to the formation of octahedral
(a) [Fe (H2O)5 (NO)]2+ (b) FeSO4 . NO2 26. Reduction potentials of some ions are given below. Arrange
(c) [Fe (H2O)4 (NO)2]2+ (d) FeSO4 . HNO3 them in decreasing order of oxidising power.
16. Elements of group- 15 form compounds in +5 oxidation state. - - -
However, bismuth forms only one well characterised Ion ClO4 IO4 BrO4
compound in +5 oxidation state. The compound is Reduction potential
E° = 1.19V E° = 1.65V E° = 1.74V
(a) Bi2O5 (b) BiF5 E° / V
(c) BiCl5 (d) Bi2S5
17. On heating ammonium dichromate and barium azide (a) ClO -4 > IO 4- < BrO 4- (b) IO 4- > BrO4- < ClO 4-
separately we get (c) BrO4- > IO-4 < ClO4- (d) BrO4- > ClO 4- < IO4-
(a) N2 in both the cases
(b) N2 with ammonium dichromate and NO with barium 27. Which of the following is isoelectronic pair?
azide (a) ICl2, ClO2 (b) BrO -2 , BrF2+
(c) N2O with ammonium dichromate and N2 with barium (c) ClO2, BrF (d) CN–, O3
azide
NEET/AIPMT (2013-2017) Questions
(d) N2O with ammonium dichromate and NO2 with barium
azide 28. Which is the strongest acid in the following : [2013]
18. In the preparation of HNO3 , we get NO gas by catalytic (a) HClO3 (b) HClO4
oxidation of ammonia. The moles of NO produced by the (c) H2SO3 (d) H2SO4
oxidation of two moles of NH3 will be ................. . 29. Which of the following does not give oxygen on heating?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (a) Zn(ClO3)2 (b) K2Cr2O7 [2013]
(c) 4 (d) 6 (c) (NH4)2Cr2O7 (d) KClO3
19. The oxidation state of central atom in the anion of compound 30. Identify the incorrect statement, regarding the molecule
NaH2PO2 will be ................. . XeO4: [NEET Kar. 2013]
(a) + 3 (b) + 5 (a) XeO4 molecule is tetrahedral
(c) + 1 (d) – 3 (b) XeO4 molecule is square planar
20. Which of the following is not tetrahedral in shape? (c) There are four pp – dp bonds
(a) NH+4 (b) SiCl4 (d) There are four sp3 – p, s bonds
(c) SF4 (d) SO42– 31. Acidity of diprotic acids in aqueous solutions increases in
21. Which of the following are peroxoacids of sulphur? the order : [2014]
(a) H2SO5 and H2S2O8 (b) H2SO5 and H2S2O7 (a) H2S < H2Se < H2Te (b) H2Se < H2S < H2Te
(c) H2S2O7 and H2S2O8 (d) H2S2O6 and H2S2O7 (c) H2Te < H2S < H2Se (d) H2Se < H2Te < H2S
22. Hot conc. H2SO4 acts as moderately strong oxidising agent. 32. Nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide have some properties
It oxidises both metals and non-metals. Which of the in common. Which property is shown by one of these
following element is oxidised by conc. H2 SO4 into two compounds, but not by the other? [2015]
gaseous products? (a) is a reducing agent
(a) Cu (b) S (b) is soluble in water
(c) C (d) Zn (c) is used as a food-preservative
23. A black compound of manganese reacts with a halogen acid (d) forms 'acid-rain'
to give greenish yellow gas. When excess of this gas reacts 33. Which of the statements given below is incorrect?
with NH3 an unstable trihalide is formed. In this process the (a) Cl2O7 is an anhydride of perchloric acid [2015 RS]
oxidation state of nitrogen changes
(b) O3 molecule is bent
from ........... .
(c) ONF is isoelectronic with O2N–.
(a) – 3 to + 3 (b) – 3 to 0
(d) OF2 is an oxide of fluorine
(c) – 3 to + 5 (d) 0 to – 3
34. The variation of the boiling point of the hydrogen halides is
24. In the preparation of compounds of Xe, Bartlett had taken
- in the order HF > HI > HBr > HCl. [2015 RS]
O+2 Pt F6 as a base compound. This is because What explains the higher boiling point of hydrogen fluoride?
(a) both O2 and Xe have same size.
(a) The electronegativity of fluorine is much higher than
(b) both O2 and Xe have same electron gain enthalpy.
for other elements in the group.
(c) both O2 and Xe have almost same ionisation enthalpy.
(b) There is strong hydrogen bonding between HF
(d) both Xe and O2 are gases.
molecules
25. In solid state PCl5 is a ................. .
(c) The bond energy of HF molecules is greater than in
(a) covalent solid
other hydrogen halides.
(b) octahedral structure
(d) The effect of nuclear shielding is much reduced in
(c) ionic solid with [PCl 6 ]+ octahedral and [PCl 4 ] –
fluorine which polarises the HF molecule.
tetrahedral
 516 CHEMISTRY

35. Strong reducing behaviour of H3PO2 is due to [2015 RS] 39. Which is the correct statement for the given acids? [2016]
(a) presence of one –OH group and two P–H bonds (a) Phosphinic acid is a diprotic acid while phosphonic
(b) high electron gain enthalpy of phosphorus acid is a monoprotic acid
(c) high oxidation state of phosphorus (b) Phosphinic acid is a monoprotic acid while phosphonic
(d) presence of two –OH groups and one P–H bond. acid is a diprotic acid
36. Among the following, the correct order of acidity is [2016] (c) Both are triprotic acids
(d) Both are diprotic acids
(a) HClO3 < HClO4 < HClO2 < HClO
40. The product obtained as a result of a reaction of nitrogen
(b) HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4
with CaC2 is [2016]
(c) HClO2 < HClO < HClO3 < HClO4 (a) Ca(CN)2 (b) CaCN
(d) HClO4 < HClO2 < HClO < HClO3 (c) CaCN3 (d) Ca2CN
37. Which one of the following orders is correct for the bond 41. Match the interhalogen compounds of column-I with the
dissociation enthalpy of halogen molecules? [2016] geometry in column II and assign the correct code. [2017]
(a) I2 > Br2 > Cl2 > F2 (b) Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2 Column-I Column-II
(c) Br2 > I2 > F2 > Cl2 (d) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 1. XX' (i) T-shape
38. Match the compounds given in column I with the 2. XX'3 (ii) Pentagonal bipyramidal
hybridisation and shape given in column II and mark the 3. XX'5 (iii) Linear
correct option. [2016] 4. XX'7 (iv) Square-pyramidal
Column-I Column-II (v) Tetrahedral
1. XeF6 (i) Distorted octahedral Code :
2. XeO3 (ii) Square planar 1 2 3 4
3. XeOF4 (iii) Pyramidal (a) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
4. XeF4 (iv) Square pyramidal (b) (v) (iv) (iii) (ii)
Code : (c) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(d) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
1 2 3 4
42. In which pair of ions both the species contain S – S bond?
(a) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)
(b) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (a) S4 O62- ,S2 O32 - (b) S2 O72- ,S2 O82 - [2017]
(c) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(c) S4 O62- ,S2 O72 - (d) S2 O72- ,S2 O32 -
 The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) 517

Hints & Solutions

EXERCISE - 1 16. (a) We know that empirical formula of hypophosphrus acid
is H3PO2. In this only one ionisable hydrogen atom is
1. (a) Hydrogen is lighter than helium but still helium is used present i.e. it is monobasic. Therefore option (a) is
in ballons because hydrogne is highly explosive and correct structural formula of it.
reactive gas. It may lead to accident.
17. (d) CO2 is oxide of non-metal. Both N2O and NO2 are also
600°C oxide of non-metal. They form acids on dissolution in
2. (d) 2H 3 PO 4 ¾¾ ¾
¾® 2 HPO 3
- 2H 2O water. In this way CO2 resembles N2O and NO2. Option
3. (b) The order of boiling points of the group 15 hydrides is : (d) is the answer.
BiH3 > SbH3 > NH3 > AsH3 > PH3 18. (c) Structure of hypophosphorous acid
4. (b) ClO2 is least stable. The order of stability is
H
Cl2O < ClO2 < ClO3 < Cl2O7 |
The higher the oxygen atom involved the greater the H-O- P ® O
|
stability. The oxygen atom being electro-negative does H
not allow electron of chlorine atom to be showed with
others in the formation of compound. So Cl2O7 is most Two H-atoms are attached to P atom.
inactive or highly stable. 19. (a) Only nitrates of heavy metals and lithium decompose
5. (b) In case of nitrogen, d-orbitals are not available. on heating to produce NO2.
D 20. (a) Nitrogen due to small size is able to show pp-pp lateral
6. (d) P2O5 + 3H 2O ¾¾® 2H3 PO4
7. (a) He being the smallest sized atom, can not be absorbed overlap forming N º N, rest elements due to bigger size
by coconut charcoal. are not able to show pp-pp lateral overlap.
8. (b) PCl3 + H2O ¾¾ ® POCl3 + 2HCl 21. (c) concentrated sulphuric acid is always diluted by adding
POCl3 + 3H2O ¾¾ ® H3PO4 + 3HCl acid to water because the process of mixing generates
9. (a) PH 4 I + NaOH ® NaI + PH 3 + H 2 O a lot of heat. If we add water to acid due to generation
Heat of large amount of heat acid may spill over to its
10. (d) NH 4 Cl + NaNO 2 ¾¾¾¾
® NH 4 NO 2 surroundings.
- NaCl
Heat 22. (a) Oxide in which central atom has higher charge and more
¾¾¾® N 2 + 2 H 2 O.
electronegativity is more acidic, i.e.
11. (b) C12 H 22O11 + ® 6 (COOH) 2 + 5H 2 O.
18[O] ¾¾ N2O5 > N2O4 > P2O5 > As2O3.
Canesugar From HNO3 Oxalic acid
23. (c) Ca + 2C ––® CaC2
12. (c) HF (Hydrofluoric acid or Hydrogen flouride) is the acid
CaC2 + N2 ¾¾¾¾1273K
which cannot be kept in glass because it reacts with ® CaCN2 + C
glass Calcium
6 HF + SiO 2 ¾
¾® H 2SiF6 + 2 H 2 O. cyanamide
13. (d) N2 molecule contains triple bond between N atoms 24. (b) Most efficient agent for the absorption of SO3 is 98%
having very high dissociation energy (946 kJ mol–1) H2SO4. They form oleum.
due to which it is relatively inactive.
¾® H 2S 2 O 7 (oleum)
SO 3 + H 2SO 4 ¾
14. (c) H 3PO 2 is named as hypophosphorous acid. It is Sulpher trioxide is not directly absorbed in water to
monobasic as it contains only one P – OH bond, its form sulphuric acid because it forms dense fog of
basicity is one. sulphuric acid.
O 25. (a) NH4ClO4 + HNO3 ® HClO4 + NH4NO3
||
P NH4NO3 ¾¾ D
H | OH ® N2O + 2H2O
|

H 26. (c) NH3 gas can be dried by CaO (calcium oxide or quick
15. (c) As compared to nitrogen , oxygen is mor e lime).
electronegative and more reactive because as we go
27. (b) In Haber’s process for manufacture of NH3, finely
from left to right in a group electronegativity increases
divided iron is used as catalyst and molybdenum is
and reactivity decreases. So, nitrogen should be more
used as catalytic promoter
reactive than oxygen but in nitrogen
Fe + Mo
p-orbitals are exactly half filled which make it stable N2 ( g ) + 3H2 ( g ) ¾¾¾¾¾¾ ® 2NH 3 ( g )
800K, High P
and less reactive as compared to oxygen.
 518 CHEMISTRY

cold major constituents of liquid air i.e., liquid oxygen and

28. (a) 2NaOH + Cl2 ¾¾¾
® NaCl + NaClO + H2O
Sod. hypo- liquid nitrogen are separated by means of fractional
chlorite distillation (b.p. of O2 = –183°C : b. P. of N2 = – 195.8°C)
29. (d) N2H4 and NH4Cl are obtained by reaction of ammonia 42. (a) Alkaline solution of pyrogallol absorbs oxygen quickly.
with hypochlorite anion. 43. (b) Solubility depends upon temperature. In most cases it
3NH 3 + NaOCl ¾¾
® N 2 H 4 + NH 4 Cl + NaOH increases with rise in temperature but in those cases
.. where the process of dissolution is exothermic,
30. (c) P solubility decreases with rise in temperature.
44. (c) Due to greater tendency for catenation, sulphur shows
P P property of polyanion formation to a greater extent.
..

..

..P For example, in polysulphides such as S32 - , S24 - , S52 -

P4 (White phosphorus)
45. (d) Caro’s acid is H 2SO 5 which contains one S – O – OH
Each P-atom forms 3 bonds. Thus it has 3 bond peroxy linkage. It is also known as permonosulphuric
pairs of electrons. acid.
D O
31. (a) NH 4 Cl + NaNO 2 ¾¾® NH 4 NO 2 + NaCl
||
D HO – S – O – OH
NH 4 NO 2 ¾¾® N 2 + 2H 2 O ||
32. (a) The sides of safety matches contain red phosphorus O
and sand powder. 46. (a) 2KMnO 4 + 5H 2 S + 3H 2 SO 4 ¾¾®
33. (b) Mg3N2 + 6H2O ® 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3 K2 SO 4 + 2MnSO 4 + 5S + 8H 2 O.
1 mol (excess) 2 mol
Thus in this reaction S2– is oxidised to S.
O O 47. (c) In the manufacture of bromine from sea water, the
mother liquor which contains bromides is treated with
34. (b) N–O–N chlorine which oxidies bromide ion to bromine
O O 2KBr + Cl 2 ¾
¾® 2 KCl + Br2
The structure clearly shows the presence of covalent
and co-ordinate bonds. 48. (a) 2S2 O3-2 + I2 ® S4 O6-2 + 2I -
Thiosulphate Tetrathionate
35. (d) NO2 is reddish brown coloured gas. Rest of the oxides
are colourless. 49. (b) PbO2 is a powerful oxidizing agent and liberate O2 when
36. (c) Ca3P2 + 6H2O ® 3Ca(OH)2 + 2PH3 ; i.e 2 moles of treated with acids.
phosphine are produced from one mole of calcium 2PbO 2 + 4HNO3 ¾¾
® 2Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2H 2 O + O 2 ­
phosphide.
50. (b) Oxygen can be prepared by heating oxides of Hg, Pb,
37. (d) Group 16, elements are known as Chalcogens Na is not
Ag, Mn and Ba.
group 16 element. So it is not Chalcogen.
D
38. (c) In cyclic metaphosporic acid number of P–O–P bonds 2HgO ¾¾® 2Hg + O2
is three. 51. (c) NO2 is the compound which forms dimer N2O4. NO2
has one unpaired electron. So, it dimerises to form
O OH
paired electrons.
P
O O 1
O O 52. (b) At anode : 2OH - H 2O + O 2
P P 2
O OH 53. (d) Hypo (Na2S2O3) is used in photography. It is used
HO
during fixing of image. It dissolves AgBr that has not
been affected by light during exposure leaving metallic
39. (a) Nitrogen is obtained by the thermal decomposition of
silver (Ag) as such
NH4NO2
AgBr + 2Na 2S2O3 ¾¾ ® Na 3 [Ag(S2O 3 ) 2 ]+ NaBr
D
NH 4 NO 2 ¾¾® N 2 + 2H 2 O Hypo Soluble complex

40. (b) Alkaline pyrogallol absorbs O2 and oil of cinnamon 54. (b) HClO4 is the strongest acid.
absorbs O3. 55. (a) Sodium thiosulphate is a reducing agent. It is used in
41. (c) Air is liquified by making use of the joule-Thompson volumetric titration (Iodimetry) to reduce I2 to I–.
effect (cooling by expansion of the gas) Water vapour 2Na2S2O3 + I2 ¾¾ ® Na2S4O6 + 2NaI
and CO2 are removed by solidification. The remaining Sod. thiosulphate Sod. tetrathionate
 The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) 519

56. (c) SO2 is highly soluble in water and therefore cannot be is least stable. The decreasing stability of the hydrogen
collected over water. halide is also reflected in the values of dissociation
In alkaline energy of the H–X bond
57. (b) Na2SO3 + S ¾¾ ¾ ¾
¾® Na S O
2 2 3 medium H-F H - Cl H - Br H-I
58. (c) In KMnO4 manganese is already present in its highest 135kcal mol-1 103kcal mol-1 87 kcal mol-1 71kcal mol-1
possible oxidation state i.e. +7.So no further oxidation 71. (b) Cl 2 + 2NaOH ® NaCl + NaClO + H2O
is possible. (cold & dil)
59. (a) Laughing gas (N2O) is prepared by heating mixture of 3Cl2 + 6NaOH ® 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
NH4Cl and NaNO3 (hot & conc.)
D
NH 4 Cl + NaNO3 ¾¾® NH 4 NO3 + NaCl 72. (b) H 2SO4 + SO3 ¾¾
® H 2S2 O7
Oleum
D
NH 4 NO3 ¾¾® N 2 O + 2H 2 O 73. (d) I2 + 10HNO3 ¾¾
® 2HIO 3 + 10NO 2 + 4H2O
60. (d) N 2O5 is colourless deliquiscent solid. It is highly (Conc) Periodic acid
74. (a) Longer bond length means weaker bond energy i.e.
reactive, a strong oxidizing agent and is light sensitive.
less bond dissociation energy or more reactivity. Larger
It is anhydride of HNO3 . the size of anion more will be bond length thus the
61. (b) Bromide in the mother liquor is oxidised to Br2 by order of reactivity is HI > HBr > HCl.
75. (a) The order of bond energy is
Cl 2 which is a stronger oxidising agent. Cl – Cl > F – F > Br – Br > I – I
2Br - + Cl 2 ® Br2 + 2Cl - The small value of bond energy in F2 than Cl2 (anomaly)
62. (c) Outer electronic configuration of Cl atom is due to smaller size of F atom which leads to
inter-electronic repulsions.
= 3s 2 3 px2 p 2y p1z 76. (b)
Sun light
Outer electronic configuration of Cl– ion = 3s 2 3 px2 p2y pz2 77. (b) SO 2 + Cl2 ¾¾¾¾ ®
Hence Cl– has 4 unshared pair of electrons. SO 2Cl 2 (Sulphuryl chloride)
63. (a) A stronger oxidising agent (Cl 2 ) displaces a weaker 78. (d)
oxidising agent (Br2 ) from its salt solution. 79. (b) CCl3 NO 2
2KBr + Cl 2 ® 2KCl + Br2 80. (b) Polarizibility of noble gases increases down the group
because of increase of distance of electrons from
64. (c) 2AgClO 3 + Cl 2 (dry ) ¾90°C nucleus. Thus He (first member of group) is least
¾¾® 2AgCl + 2ClO2 + O 2
polarized.
65. (b) fast
NH 3 + NaOCl ¾¾¾
® NH 2 Cl + NaOH
81. (c) XeF6 + 3H2O ¾¾ ® XeO3 + 6HF
2NH 3 + NH 2 Cl ¾¾
® NH 2 NH 2 + NH 4 Cl \ Complete hydrolysis of XeF6 gives XeO3 (an
66. (d) We know that positive ion is always smaller and explosive).
negative ion is always larger than the corresponding 82. (b)
atom. Therefore the correct order of the size is 83. (a)
I- > I > I + 84. (c) Completing the reaction, we get
67. (a) Due to absence of reaction between marble and
bromine. NCl3 + 3H 2O ¾¾
® 3HClO+ NH 3
'X'
0 +1 -1 85. (a) Rn because it is radioactive element obtained by the
68. (b) H 2O + Br2 ¾¾
® HOBr + HBr
disintegration of radium
Thus here oxidation number of Br increases from 0 to 226
+1 and also decreases from 0 to –1. Thus it is oxidised 88 Ra ®86 Rn 222 + 2 He4
as well as reduced. 86. (b)
69. (b) 87. (b) PbO2 is a strong oxidising agent. It reacts with conc.
H3PO4
HNO3 as shown:
P2 O5 exists as dimer ( P4 O10 )
1
PbO2 + 2HNO3 ¾¾ ® Pb(NO3 ) 2 + H 2O + O 2
P4 O10 + 6H 2 O ¾¾
® 4H 3 PO 4 2
88. (b) With the decrease in the electronegativity of central atom
70. (c) The H–X bond strength decreases from HF to HI. i.e.
the bond angle decreases
HF > HCl > HBr > HI. Thus HF is most stable while HI
 520 CHEMISTRY

89. (d) Perdisulphuric acid is represented as

O O
Cl2O
2 ClO2 2
ClO2 2

|| || O .. . Cl . .

..
..
H -O -S- O - O -S-O - H Cl
|| ||
.. 110° ..
O O .. 118°
Cl Cl O O O O

..

..
..

..
..
.. ..

..
..

..
..

..
So, it contains a peroxo linkage – O – O –
..
90. (c) Helium is twice as heavy as hydrogen it is inflammable * In ClO2– there are 2 lone pairs of electrons present on
but not lighter than hydrogen. Helium has the lowest
the central chlorine atom. Therefore the bond angle in
melting and boiling point of any element which makes
liquid helium an ideal coolant for many extremely low ClO2– is less than 118° which is the bond angle in ClO2
temperature application such as super conducting which has less number of electrons on central chlorine
magnet and cryogenic research where temperature close atom.
to absolute zero are needed. He is used in gas cooled 98. (d)
atomic reactors as a heat transfer agent.
91. (d) (i) The first ionization energy of xenon (1, 170 kJ mol–1) O
is quite close to that of dioxygen (1,180 kJ mol–1).
99. (b) Ba
(ii) The molecular diameters of xenon and dioxygen are
almost identical.
O
Based on the above similarities Barlett (who prepared
O2+[PtF6]– compound) suggested that since oxygen
combines with PtF6, so xenon should also form similar 100. (b) O
compound with PtF6.
bridging P bridging
92. (b) PbO2 does not contain peroxide ion. It is lead dioxide.
O
93. (d) HO Cl < HO Cl O < HO Cl O 2 < HO Cl O3 O
+1 +3 +5 +7 O
In case of oxyacids of similar element as the oxidation
P O
number of the central atom increases, strength of acid
O P
also increases. O
94. (b, c) From the given options we find option (a) is correct. O P O
bridging
The oxidising power of halogens follow the order
O bridging
F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2. Option (b) is incorrect because it in oxygen
not the correct order of electron gain enthalpy of
halogens. \ Correct choice : (b)
The correct order is Cl2 > F2 > Br 2 > I2. The low value
EXERCISE - 2
of F2 than Cl2 is due to its small size.
Option (c) is incorrect. The correct order of bond 1. (b) Potassium tetraiodo mercurate (II) (K2HgI4) dissolves
in KOH solution to give Nessler’s reagent. Nessler’s
dissociation energies of halogens is
Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2. reagent is used to test NH +4 ions.
Option (d) is correct. It is the correct order of 2. (a) Acidic strength of oxyacids increases with increase in
oxidation number and on moving from top to bottom in
electronegativity values of halogens. Thus option (b)
a group acidic strength of oxides also decrease due to
and (c) are incorrect. decrease in electronegativity down the group.
95. (c) MI > MBr > MCl > MF. As the size of the anion decreases +5 +3 +5 +3
covalent character also decreases. P4 O10 > P4 O6 > As 4 O10 > As 4O6
96. (d) Since all the halogens have a strong tendency to accept 3. (b) Neon gives a distinct reddish glow when used in either
electrons. Therefore halogens act as strong oxidising low-voltage neon glow lamps or in high voltage
agents and their oxidising power decreases from fluorine discharge tube.
to iodine. 4. (a) Order of dipole moment
NH3 > PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3
97. (c) The correct order of increasing bond angle is
(Based upon electronegativity)
Cl2 O < ClO2- < ClO 2 5. (c) Polarity of the bond depends upon the electronegativity
difference of the two atoms forming the bond. Greater
 The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) 521

the electronegativity difference, more is the polarity of angle £ 109°28¢, since the central atoms belong to the
the bond. same group, the bond angle of the chlorides decreases
N – Cl O–F N–F N– N as we go down the group. Thus the order of bond
3.0–3.0 3.5–4.0 3.0–4.0 3.0–3.0 angle is, BCl3 > PCl3 > AsCl3 > BiCl3.
6. (c) Br2 reacts with NaI only to get I2. 23. (a)
2NaI + Br2 ® 2NaBr + I2
7. (d) (A) Sulphuric acid (iv) Contact process
8. (d) Bi forms basic oxides whereas N and P form acidic and (B) Steel (ii) Bessemer’s
As and Sb form amphoteric oxides. process
9. (a) 7N = 1s2 2s2 2p3; 15P = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 (C) Sodium hydroxide (iii) Leblanc process
In phosphorous the 3d- orbitals are available. Hence
(D) Ammonia (i) Haber’s process
phosphorus can from pentahalides also but nitrogen
cannot form pentahalide due to absence of d-orbitals
10. (c) In N2O (nitrous oxide) two N atoms are covalently O
bonded through triple bond
[ N º N ¾¾® O ] 24. (b) H P H Hypophosphorus acid (H3PO2) is a
11. (a) As size increases, van der Waal's forces of attraction
between noble gas atoms also increases. Consequently, O
ease of their liquefaction increases. H
12. (a) For oxides of same element higher the oxidation state,
more will be acidic character. monobasic acid. i.e., it has only one ionisable hydrogen
+5 +2 +1 atom or one OH is present.
N 2O5 > NO > N 2O
25. (b) Fe 2 (SO4 )3 ¾¾
® Fe2O3 + 3SO3
13. (b) Hypo solution is Na2S2O3 solution which is used in Δ
photography for fixing films & prints. Photographic 26. (d) The products of the concerned reaction react each
emulsions are made of AgBr. After developing, the film other forming back the reactants.
is put into hypo solution. This forms soluble complex
XeF6 + 3H 2 O ¾¾ ® XeO3 + 6HF .
with Ag.
Na2S2O3+Ag Br ® Ag2S2O3 27. (b) The following reaction occurs
Na S O
Na2S2O3 + 4Cl2 + 5H2O ææ ↑ 2 NaHSO4 + 8HCl.
¾¾¾¾¾2 2 3 ® Na [Ag(S O ) ]
5 2 3 3
28. (b) In presence of N
14. (c) As the size of central atom increases the lone pair of P4 + 3O 2 ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
2® P O
4 6
electrons occupies a larger volume. In other words Here N2 acts as a diluent and thus retards further
electron density on the central atom decreases and oxidation. Reaction of P4 under other three conditions.
consequently its tendency to donate a pair of electrons (a) 2O
P4 + 3O 2 ¾¾
® P4 O 6 ¾¾¾
2® P O
4 10
decreases along with basic character from NH3 to BiH3.
15. (d) H2O is liquid but H2S is a gas. This can be attributed to (c) In moist air, P4O6 is hydrolysed to form H3PO3
the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in P4 O 6 + 6H 2 O ¾¾
® 4H 3 PO 3
case of H2O. (d) In presence of NaOH,
16. (b) Mixture of Cl2 and ClO2 acts as a bleaching agent and P4 + 3OH - + 3H 2O ¾¾
® PH 3 + 3H 2 PO 2-
is called euchlorine.
29. (d) Very pure N2 can be obtainted by thermal decomposition
17. (b) On moving from top to bottom of halogen group the
bond dissociation energy of hydrogen halides of sodium or barium azide. Ba(N 3 ) 2 ¾ ¾ ® Ba + 3N 2
decreases and so the heat of formation of halogen acids 30. (d) XeO2F2 has trigonal bipyramidal geometry, but due to
also decreases. presence of lone pair of electrons on equitorial position,
18. (c) Pickling agent is H2SO4. Pickling is cleaning the surface its actual shape is see-saw.
of metals before enameling, electroplating and F
galvanising. O
19. (c) KF + HF ® KHF2 K+ + [HF2]– Xe
20. (d) Due to inert pair effect. O
V2O 5 F
21. (c) 2SO 2 + O 2 ¾¾ ¾® 2SO 3

1 31. (a) SnO2 is an amphoteric oxide because it reacts with acids

22. (b) In BCl3, H = (3 + 3 + 0 - 0) = 3 ; sp2 hybridization
2 as well as with bases to form corresponding salts.
(bond angle = 120°) similarly PCl3 AsCl3 and BiCl3 are SnO2 + 2H2SO4(conc) ¾¾ ® Sn(SO4)2 + 2H2O
found to have sp3 hybridized central atom with one SnO2 + 2NaOH ¾¾ ® Na2SnO3 + H2O
lone pair of electrons on the central atom. The bond
 522 CHEMISTRY

32. (c) Compound Oxidation number of nitrogen OH OH

N2H4 = –2
NH3 = –3 O P O P O
N3H = –1/3
NH2OH = –1 OH OH
33. (d) Chlorine reacts with excess of ammonia to produce Pyrophosphoric acid
ammonium chloride and nitrogen. HO O OH
3Cl2 + 8NH3 (excess)¾¾ ® 6NH4Cl + N2 P P
O O O
34. (a) (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O¾¾ ® 2H2SO4 + NH4OH
Metaphosphoric acid
H2SO4 being strong acid increases the acidity of soil. O
In case of potassium nitrate and superphosphate of
lime on hydrolysis strong base also form along with HO P OH
strong acid on hydrolysis results into neutralisation.
F OH
Orthophosphoric acid
39. (c) The structure of solid sulphur trioxide is complex, it
possesses either cyclic trimer structure or an infinite

35. (c) XeF2 : Xe helical chain made up of linked SO4 tetrahedron.

O O
S

F O
O O
O
3p S S

F F O O O
total no of S - O - S bonds = 3
40. (a) NF 5 does n ot exist because N does not form
XeF4 : Xe pentahalides due to the absence of d-orbital in its
valence shell. While P, As and Sb form pentahalides of
F F the general formula MX5 (where, M = P, As and Sb) due
to the presence of vacant d-orbitals in their respective
2 p valence shell.
41. (c) Compound O.S. of N
F N2O +1
F NO +2
NO2 +4
NO3– +5
F Xe F
XeF6 : NH4+ –3
Therefore increasing order of oxidation state of N is:
F
F NH +4 < N2O < NO < NO2 < NO3- .
42. (c) Br2 reacts with NaI only to get I2.
2NaI + Br2 ® 2NaBr + I2
Xe 43. (c) In N2O (nitrous oxide) two N atoms are covalently
bonded through triple bond
[ N º N ¾¾® O ]
XeO3 : O O 44. (b) Potassium tetraiodo mercurate (II) (K2HgI4) dissolves
O in KOH solution to give Nessler’s reagent. Nessler’s
1p reagent is used to test NH +4 ions.
Hence XeF2 has maximum no. of lone pairs of electrons. 45. (c) The geometry of XeF6 is distorted octahedral in which
36. (d) Oxidation state of sulphur varies from – 2 to + 6 in its all the six positions are occupied by fluorine atoms and
various compounds. the lone pair of electrons of Xe atom is present at the
37. (b) With the decrease in the electronegativity of central corner of one of the triangular faces.
atom the bond angle decreases F
38. (a) O O F F

HO — P — P — OH Xe
HO OH
F F
Hypophosphoric acid F
 The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) 523

46. (b) Neon gives a distinct reddish glow when used in either
low-voltage neon glow lamps or in high voltage 5. (a) Both CO32 - and NO3- have same number of electrons.
discharge tube.
47. (b) Formula of cyclotrimetaphosphoric acid is (HPO3)3 CO32 - = 6 + 8 × 3 +2 = 32
Oxidation state of ‘P’ is 3(+ 1 + x + 3 (– 2)) = 0
x+ –6+1 =0 Þ x= +5 NO3- = 7 + 8 × 3 + 1 = 32
48. (b) White phosphorus exists as P4 tetrahedral molecule
Hence, CO32 - and NO3- are isoelectronic. Also, both
having P-P-P bond angle 60º. Hence the molecule is
under strain and more reactive. On the other hand red have same type of hybridization (sp2) and have trigonal
phosphorus exists as P4 tetrahedra which are joined planar structure. Hence, they are also isostructural.
together through covalent bonds giving polymeric 6. (a) On moving down the group size of halogen atom
structure. increases hence the H–X bond length increases. As a
49. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the result, bond dissociation enthalpy decreases.
correct explanation of assertion. Hence, the correct order of bond enthalpy is :
M + HNO3 ¾¾
® MNO3 + H
H – F > H – Cl > H – Br > H – I.
(metal) (conc.) (metal nitrate) (nascent hydrogen) 7. (d) On moving down the group size of central atom
2HNO3 + 2H ¾¾
® 2NO2 + 2H 2 O
increases thus bond length of E—H bond increases
(nascent hydrogen) and bond dissociation energy decreases. Hence,
50. (c) Bond angle of H2S (92°) < H2O (104°31). As the reducing nature increases in the order : NH3 < PH3 <
electronegativity of the central atom decreases, bond AsH3 < SbH3
angle decreases. In the present case, S is less 8. (c) White phosphorus on reaction with NaOH solution in
electronegative than oxygen. Thus bond pairs in H2S the presence of inert atmosphere of CO2 produces
are more away from the central atom than in H2O and phosphine gas which is less basic than NH3.
thus repulsive forces between bond pairs are smaller
producing smaller bond angle. P4 + 3NaOH + 3H 2 O –® PH3 + 3 NaH 2 PO 2
(Sodium hypophosphite)
EXERCISE - 3
9. (c) Structure of H3PO4 is
Exemplar Questions O
1. (c) Hydrogen iodide (HI) is stronger reducing agent than ||
H2SO4. Hence, it reduces H2SO4 to SO2 and itself P
oxidises to I2. HO OH
OH
H2SO4 + 2HI –® SO2 + I2 + 2H2O H3PO4 has 3 – OH groups i.e., three ionisable H-atoms
(Violet
colour) and hence it forms three series of salts: NaH2PO4,
Na2HPO4 and Na3PO4
2. (b) When H2S gas is passed through an aqueous solution
10. (c) The acids which contain P–H bond have strong
of copper sulphate acidified with dil. HCl a black ppt.
reducing properties. Thus, H3PO2 is a strong reducing
of CuS is obtained.
agent due to the presence of two P — H bonds and
dil. HCl one —OH group
CuSO 4 + H 2S ¾¾¾¾
® CuS + H 2SO 4
black ppt O
On boiling CuS with dil. HNO3 it forms a blue coloured ||
solution and the following reactions occur P H
3CuS + 8HNO3 –® 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 3S + 4H2O H OH
Hypophosphorus acid
2+
+
Cu 2aq + 4NH3 ( aq ) ® éë Cu ( NH3 ) 4 ùû 11. (b) On heating, lead nitrate produces brown coloured
( ) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and lead (II) oxide.
(Deep blue solution)
D
3. (c) 2Pb ( NO3 )2 ¾¾® 4NO2 + 2PbO + O 2
O O H
P 12. (a) Nitrogen does not show allotropy due to its small size
O O O and high electronegativity. The N–N bond is weak due
O
to high inter–electronic repulsions among non-bonding
P P electrons due to the small bond distance. Hence it does
H O O O H not show allotropy.
i.e, 3 double and 12 single Bonds 13. (c) Maximum covalency of nitrogen is 4 in which one
4. (c) Among carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and boron only electron is from s-orbital and 3 electrons are from
phosphorus has vacant d-orbital h ence only p-orbitals. Hence, total four electrons are available for
phosphorus has the ability to form pp – dp bonding. bonding.
 524 CHEMISTRY

14. (a) The single N — N bond is weaker than the single Cl2 on further treatment with NH3 produces NCl3.
P — P bond. This is why phosphorus show allotropy -3 +3
but nitrogen does not. N H3 + 3Cl2 –® NCl3 + 3HCl
15. (a) When freshly prepared solution of FeSO4 is added to Hence, NH3 (– 3) changes to NCl3 (+ 3).
an aqueous solution containing NO3- ion, it leads to
the formation of a brown coloured complex. This is 24. (c) Bertlett had taken O+2 Pt F6- as a base compound
known as brown ring test for nitrate ion. because O2 and Xe both have almost same ionisation
enthalpy.
NO3- + 3Fe2+ + 4H+ –® NO + 3Fe3+ + 2H2O
25. (d) In solid state PCl5 exists as an ionic solid with the
2+ 2+ cation [PCl 4]+ (tetrahedral) and the anion [PCl6]–
éFe ( H2 O) ù + NO –® éëFe ( H2 O )5 ( NO ) ùû + H2O
ë 6û (octahedral).
Brown ring +
Cl Cl
16. (b) The only well characterised compound having + 5 Cl Cl
oxidation state of Bi is BiF5. It is due to smaller size P P
and high electronegativity of fluorine. Cl Cl Cl
Cl
17. (a) On heating ammonium dichromate and barium azide Cl Cl
+
both produces N2 gas separately. [PCl6]
–
[PCl4]
( NH 4 )2Cr2 O 7 ¾¾
D
® N 2 + 4H 2 O + Cr2 O3
26. (c)
octahedral tetrahedral
Greater the SRP value, higher will be the oxidising
Ba ( N3 )2 –® Ba + 3N2 power. Hence the correct order of oxidising power is:

Pt / Rh gauge catalyst
BrO4- > IO-4 > ClO4-
18. (a) 4NH 3 + 5O 2 ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾® 4NO(g)+ 6H2O (l) 27. (b) Isoelectronic pair have same number of electrons
500K, 9 bar
\ Two moles of NH3 will produce 2 moles of NO on Total number of electrons for the given compounds :
catalytic oxidation. BrO2– BrF2+
19. (c) Let oxidation state of P in NaH2PO2 is x. = = 52 = = 52
1+2×1+x+2×–2=0 35 + 2 ´ 8 + 1 35 + 9 ´ 2 – 1
1+2+x–4=0 ICl 2 ClO2 BrF
+x–1=0
53 + 2 ´ 17 = 87 17 + 16 = 33 35 + 9 = 44
x=+1
20. (c) SF4 has sea-saw shape as shown below: CN – O3
6 + 7 + 1 = 14 8 ´ 3 = 24
.. NEET/AIPMT (2013-2017) Questions
28. (b) HClO4 is the strongest acid amongst all because the
F S F oxidation state or Cl is maximum (+7).
D
F F 29. (c) (NH4)2Cr2O7 ¾¾® N2 + Cr 2O3 + 4H2O
It has trigonal bipyramidal geometry having sp3 d D
Zn(ClO3)2 ¾¾® ZnCl2 + 3O2
hybridisation.
D
21. (a) Peroxoacids of sulphur must contain one — O — O — 2 KClO3 ¾¾® 2KCl + 3O2
bond as shown below: D
4K2Cr2O7 ¾¾® 4K2CrO4 + 2Cr2O3 + 3O2
O O O

S S S 30. (b) (Tetrahedral sp3)

OH O O
H O O O
O O OH OH 31. (a) The weaking of M—H bond with increase in size of M
H2SO5 H2S2O8 (where M = S, Se, Te) explains the acid character of
22. (c) Carbon on oxidation with H2SO4 produces two types hydrides. Since on moving down the group atomic size
of oxides CO2 and SO2. increases hence bond length increases and hence
C + 2H2SO4 (conc) –® CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O removal tendency of H also increases.
23. (a) MnO2 reacts with HCl to produce greenish yellow 32. (c) SO2 is widely used in food and drinks industries for its
coloured gas of Cl2. property as a preservative and antioxidant while NO2 is
MnO2 + 4HCl –® MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 not used as food preservative.
( Black ) (greenish
yellow gas)
 The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) 525

33. (d) OF 2 ; among the following O and F, F is more O

electronegative than oxygen. F F F F

So OF2 cannot be called oxide because in that case Xe Xe

fluorine is in +1 oxidation state which is not possible, so F F
F F
OF2 is called oxygen difluoride.
2 p
34. (b) Th e H-bonding is present in HF due to high
electronegativity of fluorine atom. While H-bonding is Square pyramidal Square planar
not present in HI, HBr and HCl. 39. (b) Phosphinic acid as shown in structure below has one
35. (a) The acids which contain P-H bond have strong reducing P—OH bend thus it is monobasic or monoprotic
properties. Thus H3PO2 acid is good reducing agent as O
it contains two P–H bonds and reduces, for example,
AgNO3 to metallic silver. P
H OH (Monoprotic)
4 AgNO3 + 2H2O + H3PO2 —® 4Ag + 4HNO3 + H3PO4 H
36. (b) Acidic strength increases as the oxidation number of Phosphonic acid as shown in structure has two P–OH
central atom increases. bonds thus it is dibasic or diprotic
HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4
O
+1 +3 +5 +7
37. (b) Bond dissociation enthalpy decreases as the bond P
H (Diprotic acid)
distance increases from F2 to I2. This is due to increase OH
OH
in the size of the atom, on moving from F to I.
F – F bond dissociation enthalpy is smaller then Cl – Cl 40. (a) (Bonus)
and even smaller than Br – Br. This is because F atom is CaC2 + N2 ® Ca(CN)2 + C
very small and hence the three lone pairs of electrons 41. (a) XX' ® Linear (e.g. ClF, BrF)
on each F atom repel the bond pair holding the XX3' ® T-Shape (e.g. ClF3, BrF3)
F-atoms in F2 molecules. XX5' ® Square pyramidal (e.g. BrF5 IF5)
The increasing order of bond dissociation enthalphy is XX7' ® Pentagonal bipyramidal (e.g. IF7)
I2 < F2 < Br2 < Cl2 O O O
38. (a) XeF6 XeO3 –
F 42. (a) O – S – S – S – S – O S
F O O S O
O
S4 O6 2 - S2 O32 -
Xe
F Xe F
O O
O
F F
1p
distorted octahedral Pyramidal
XeOF4 XeF4