CHAPTER 2

POLYNOMIALS
Points to Remember :
1. Let x be a variable, n be a positive integer and a0, a1, a2, ......., an be constants. Then
f ( x )  an x n  an 1 x n 1  .....  a1 x  a0 , is called a polynomial in variable x.
2. The exponent of the highest degree term in a polynomial is known as its degree.
3. Degree Name of Polynomial Form of the Polynomial
0 Constant Polynomial f(x) = a, a is constant
1 Linear Polynomial f(x) = ax + b, a  0
2 Quadratic Polynomial f(x) = ax2 + bx + c; a  0
3 Cubic Polynomial f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d; a  0
4. If f(x) is a polynomial and  is any real number, then the real number obtained by replacing x by  in f(x)
at x =  and is denoted by f().
5. A real number  is a zero of a polynomial f(x), if f() = 0.
6. A polynomial of degree n can have at most n real zeroes.
7. Geometrically, the zeroes of a polynomial f(x) are the x-coordinates of the points where the graph y = f(x)
intersects x-axis.
8. For any quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c = 0, a  0, the graph of the corresponding equation
y = ax2 + bx + c has one of the two shapes either open upwards like  or downwards like  , depending
on whether a > 0 or a < 0. These curves are called Parabolas.
9. If  and  are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a  0 then
b coefficient of x
   
a coefficient of x 2

c constant term
  
a coefficient of x 2
10. If  are the zeroes of a cubic polynomial f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, a  0 then

b coefficient of x 2
   
a coefficient of x3
c coefficient of x
      
a coefficient of x3
d constant term
  
a coefficient of x3
11. Division Algorithm : If f(x) is a polynomial and g(x) is a non-zero polynomial, then there exist two
polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that f ( x )  g ( x )  q( x )  r ( x ), where r(x) = 0 or degree of r(x) < degree
of g(x).
12 POLYNOMIALS MATHEMATICS–X
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1. Draw the graph of the polynomial f(x) = x2 – 2x – 3. Obtain the vertex of this parabola. Also,
read the zeroes of the polynomial, if possible from the graph.
Solution. Let y = f(x) = x2 – 2x – 3.
The following table gives the values of y for various values of x.

x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2
y  x  2 x  3 21 12 5 0 3 4 3 0 5 12 21
After plotting the points in the table on a graph paper, draw a free-hand continuous curve (pa-
rabola) through all the points plotted.
y
13
(–3, 12) 12 (5, 12)
11
10
9
8
7
6
(–2, 5) 5 (4, 5)
4
3
2
1
(–1, 0) (3, 0)
x x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1
–2
(0, –3) (2, –3)
–3
–4
–5 (1, –4)

y
Vertex of Parabola : On comparing the polynomial x2 – 2x – 3 with ax2 + bx + c, we get a = 1,
 b  D 
b = –2, c = – 3. The vertex of the parabola has the co-ordinates  ,  , where D = b2 – 4ac.
 2a 4a 
Now, D = b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4 (1) (–3)= 4 + 12 = 16
  (2) 16 
 Co-ordinate of vertex is  ,   (1,  4)
 2(1) 4(1) 
Zeroes of f(x) = x2 – 2x – 3
Since the parabola f(x) = x2 – 2x – 3 cuts the x-axis at (–1, 0) and (3, 0).
 zeroes of f(x) are –1 and 3.

MATHEMATICS–X POLYNOMIALS 13
Example 2. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 – 2x – 8, and verify the relationship between the
zeroes and their coefficients.

Solution. Let f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8

The zeroes of f(x) are given by f(x) = 0.

 x2 – 2x – 8 = 0

 x2 – 4x + 2x – 8 = 0

 x (x – 4) + 2 (x – 4) = 0

 (x + 2) (x – 4) = 0

 x = – 2 or x = 4 Ans.

(2) –coefficient of x
Verification : Here, sum of zeroes = 4 + (–2) = 2 =  
1 coefficient of x 2

8 constant term
and, product of zeroes  4  (2)  8  
1 coefficient of x 2

1
Example 3. Find a quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of the zeroes is and –1 respectively..
4

Solution. We know that a quadratic polynomial when the sum and product of its zeroes are given by

f(x) = k {x2 – (sum of the zeroes) x + Product of the zeroes}, where k is a constant.

1
 Required quadratic polynomial f(x) is given by f ( x)  k  x 2  x  1
 4 

OR

Let the required quadratic polynomial be ax2 + bx + c.

Since, sum of zeroes  b  1   b

a 4 a

c c 4 c
and, product of zeroes   1   
a a 4 a

If a = 4; then b = 1 and c = – 4.

 Required quadratic polynomial = ax2 + bx + c

= 4x2 – x – 4

14 POLYNOMIALS MATHEMATICS–X
Example 4. Divide the polynomial f(x) = x4 – 3x2 + 4x + 5 by the polynomial 1 – x + x2 and verify the division
algorithm.
Solution. On writing the dividend and the divisor in the standard form, we get :
Dividend p(x) = x4 – 3x2 + 4x + 5 and divisor g(x) = x2 – x + 1.
Now,
2 2
x – x + 1 xx44 +–0x 2
3x3–3x +5 x +x–3
+2 4+x4x+5
4 3 2
x –x +x
– + –
3 2
x – 4x + 4x
3 2
x – x + x
– + –
2
–3x + 3x + 5
2
–3x + 3x – 3
+ – +
8

Clearly, quotient = x2 + x – 3 and remainder = 8.

Verification of Division Algorithm :
Quotient × Divisor + Remainder
= (x2 + x – 3) (x2 – x + 1) + 8
= x4 – x3 + x2 + x3 – x2 + x – 3x2 + 3x – 3 + 8
= x4 – 3x2 + 4x + 5
= Dividend
Hence verified.
Example 5. Obtain all the zeroes of the polynomial f ( x)  3 x 4 + 6x3 – 2x2 – 10x – 5, if two of its zeroes are
5
and – 5 . [NCERT]
3 3
Solution. Since 5 5 are two zeroes of f(x).
and 
3 3

 5 5 2 5 1 2
 x   x    x   (3x  5) is a factor of f(x).
 3 3 3 3

Also, 3x2 – 5 is a factor of f (x).
Let us now divide f(x) by 3x2 – 5.
We have,
3x2 – 5 3x4 + 6x3 – 2x2 – 10x – 5 x2 + 2x + 1
3x4 + 0x3 – 5x2
– – +
6x + 3x2 – 10x
3

3 2
6x + 0x – 10x
– – +
2
3x – 5
3x2 – 5
– ++
0

MATHEMATICS–X POLYNOMIALS 15
 By division algorithm, we have
3x4 + 6x3 – 2x2 – 10x – 5 = (3x2 – 5) (x2 + 2x + 1)

 ( 3x  5) ( 3x  5) ( x  1)2

5 5
Hence, the zeroes of f(x) are – , , – 1 and – 1.
3 3

PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. Without drawing actual graph, find the zeroes of the polynomials if any. Give reason.
(a) x2 – 2x– 8 (b) –x2 – 2x + 3
(c) x2 + x + 1 (d) x2 – 1
(e) x2 + 4x + 4 (f) –4x2+ 4x – 1
2. The graphs of y = p(x) are given below, for some polynomials p(x). Find the number of zeroes of p(x), in
each case.

Y Y Y

X X X X X X

Y Y Y

(a) (b) (c)

Y Y Y

X X X X X X

Y Y Y

(d) (e) (f)

16 POLYNOMIALS MATHEMATICS–X
 3. The graph of y = p(x) are given below, for some polynomial p(x). Find the zeroes of the corresponding
polynomial.
Y Y
y = x2–2x–8 10
8 8 y=x2+x+6
(–3, 7) (5, 7) (0, 6) (1, 6)
6 6
4 (1, 4) 4 (2, 4)

2 2
(–2, 0) (4, 0) (–2, 0) (3, 0)
X –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 X X –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 X
–2 –2
–4 –4
–6 (–3, –6) –6 (4, –6)
–8 –8
(0, –8)
–10 (1, –9)
Y Y
(a) (b)
Y Y
5 5
y = x3–4x
4 4
(–1, 3)
3 3
2 2
1 1
(–2, 0) (2, 0)
X –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 X X –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 X
–1 –1
–2 –2
–3 –3
(1, –3)
–4 –4

Y Y
(c) (d)
4. Draw the graph of each of the following polynomials and if possible, read the zero(s) from the graph :
(a) x2 – 2x + 9 (b) –2x2 + 4x
(c) x2 + 2x – 3 (d) x2 – 8x + 16
(e) x3 (f) x3 – 2x2
2
5. Draw the graph of the polynomial x – 3x – 10. Read off the zeroes of the polynomial from the graph. Also
show the axis of symmetry on it.

1
6. Show that 2 and  are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = 3x2 – 5x – 2.
3
7. Show that the polynomial p(x) = x2 – 4x + 9 have no real zeroes.

MATHEMATICS–X POLYNOMIALS 17
 8. Find the zeroes of each of the following quadratic polynomial. Also, in each case, verify the relationship
between the zeroes and its coefficients :
(a) x2 + 8x + 12 (b) x2 + 3x – 4
2
(c) x – 7x + 10 (d) y2 – 4
(e) 4u2 – 1 (f) 3t2 – 5
9. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and the product of its zeroes
respectively :
3
(a) 3 and 4 (b) –2 and
2
3
(c)  and 0 (d)  2 and 3
2
10. Verify that the numbers given alongside of the cubic polynomials below are their zeroes. Also, verify the
relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients in each case.
(a) x3 – x ; 0, 1 and –1 (b) y3 – 9y ; 0, 3 and – 3

1 1
(c) 2x3 – 5x2 + x + 2; 1, 2 and  (d) 3x3 – 5x2 – 11x – 3 ; 3, –1 and
2 3

1
(e) x3 – 4x2 + 5x – 2; 1, 1 and 2 (f) 6y3 + 23y2 – 5y – 4 ; –4,  1 and
3 2
11. Find a cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of product of its zeroes taken two at a time and the product
of its zeroes respectively as given below :
(a) –4, 7 and 0 (b) 5, –2 and – 24
8
(c) – 2, and 0
3
12. Write a cubic polynomial with zeroes : – 2, 1, 4 and hence find :
(a) sum of its zeroes (b) sum of its zeroes taking any two at a time
(c) product of three zeroes
13. Apply the division algorithm to find the quotient and the remainder on division of p(x) by g(x) as given
below :
(a) p(x) = –5x2 + 14x3 + 9x – 1, g(x) = –1 + 2x (b) p(x) = 6x3 + 11x2 – 39x – 65, g(x) = x2 + x – 1
(c) p(x) = x4 – 5x + 6, g(x) = 2 – x2 (d) p(x)= 3x3 + x2+ 2x + 5, g(x) = 1 + 2x + x2
3 2
(e) p(x) = 4x – 27x + 4x + 16, g(x) = 2x – 3 (f) p(x) = 6x3 + 19x2 + 18x – 5, g(x) = 3x + 5
(g) p(x) = –2x4 – 12x3 – 22x2 – 17x + 4, g(x) = x2 – 3x + 4
(h) p(x) = 6x5 + 4x4 – 3x3 + x + 1, g(x) = 3x2 – x + 1
14. Check whether the first polynomial is a factor of the second polynomial by applying the division
algorithm :
(a) x + 8; x3 + 15 x2 + 56x (b) x – 2; x4 – 3x3 + 3x – 9
2 3 2
(c) x – 2; x – 3x + 5x – 3 (d) – 5y2 – 4y + 2; 15y4 + 2y3 – 39y2 – 16y + 10
(e) 2x2 + 3x + 4 ; 2x4 + 7x3 + 10x2 + 14x + 8 (f) x3 – 3x + 1; x5 – 4x3 + x2 + 3x + 1
15. Obtain all the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = x4 – 3x3 – x2 + 9x – 6; if two of its zeroes are 3 and – 3 .

3
16. Obtain all the zeroes of the polynomial 2x4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 3x + 6 ; if two of its zeroes are  .
2

18 POLYNOMIALS MATHEMATICS–X
17. Find the value of a and b so that 1, –2 are the zeroes of the polynomial x3 + 10x2 + ax + b.
18. On dividing x3 – 3x2 + 5x – 3 by a polynomial g(x), the quotient and remainder are x – 3 and 7x – 9
respectively. Find g(x).
19. On dividing x4 – 5x + 6 by a polynomial g(x), the quotient and remainder are –x2 – 2 and –5x + 10
respectively. Find g(x).
20. What must be subtracted from 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8 so that the resulting polynomial is exactly divisible
by 4x2 + 3x – 2?
21. What must be added to the polynomial p(x) = x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 so that the resulting polynomial is
exactly divisible by x2 + 2x – 3?
22. If the polynomial x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 26x + 10 – a is divided by another polynomial x2 – 2x + k, the remainder
comes out to be x + a. Find k and a.

HINTS TO SELECTED QUESTIONS

7. Graphically, we observe that the given curve do not intersect x-axis. So, given polynomial do not
have real roots. OR, here d = b2 – 4ac = (–4)2 – 4(1) (9) = 16 – 36 = – 20 < 0
 given polynomial has no real roots.
20. Dividing 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8 by 4x2 + 3x – 2, we get
Quotient = 2x2 + 2x – 1 and Remainder = 14 x – 10.
Clearly, polynomial to be subtracted = Remainder = 14x – 10.
21. here, required polynomial to be added = – Remainder
22. By division algorithm, we have
f(x) – (x + a) = x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 26x + 10 – a is exactly divisible by x2 – 2x + k.

x2 – 2x + k ) x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 26x + 10 – a ( x2 – 4x + (8 – k)

x4 – 2x3 + kx2
– + –
– 4x3 + (16 – k)x2 – 26 x
– 4x3 + 8x2 – 4 kx – 4 kx
+ – + +
(8 – k)x2 – (26 – 4k) x + 10 – a
(8 – k)x2 – (16 – 2k) x + (8 k – k2)
– + –
(–10 + 2k)x + (10 – a – 8 k + k2)

Accoding to given conditions, we must have

–10 + 2k = 0 and 10 – a – 8k + k2 = 0
 k = 5 and a = – 5.

MATHEMATICS–X POLYNOMIALS 19
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Mark the correct alternative in each of the following :

1. The value of p(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 at x = 3 is :
(a) –38 (b) 0 (c) 12 (d) none of these
2. The graph of y = x2 – 2x– 8 cuts the x-axis at:
(a) –2 and 4 (b) 2 and –4 (c) do not cut (d) none of these
3. The graph of y = – 3x2 + 2x– 1 cuts the x-axis at :
1 1 1
(a) and 0 (b) and (c) do not cut (d) none of these
3 3 3
4. The zeroes of y = x2 + 7x + 12 are :
(a) 4 and – 3 (b) –4 and –3 (c) –4 and 3 (d) 4 and 3
5. The zeroes of f ( x)  4 3x 2  5 x  2 3 are :

2  3 2  3 2 3
(a) and (b) and (c) and (d) none of these
3 4 3 4 3 4
6. The sum of squares of zeroes of f(x) = x2 – 8x + k is 40. the value of k is
(a) –12 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) none of these

1 1
7. If  are the zeroes of f(x) = x2 + x + 1, then  is :
 
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) none of these
8. The sum and product of zeroes of quadratic polynomial 3x2 – 8x + 12 is :
8 8 8
(a) ,4 (b) , 4 (c) , 4 (d) none of these
3 3 3
9. The quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of zeroes is 7 and –5 is:
(a) x2 – 7x + 5 (b) x2 + 7x – 5 (c) x2 – 7x – 5 (d) none of these
10. The cubic equation with zeroes 2, 3 and 4 is :
(a) x3 – 9x2 + 26 x– 24 (b) x3 + 9x2 – 26x – 24 (c) x3 – 9x2 – 26x + 24 (d) none of these
3 2
11. The quotient when f(x) = x – 6x + 11x – 6 is divided by x + 2 is :
(a) x2 + 8x – 27 (b) x2 – 8x + 27 (c) x2 – 8x – 27 (d) none of these
12. The remainder when f (x) = – 3x + x + 4x + 5 is divided by –x2 + 2 is
2 4

(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) none of these

4 3 2
13. The two zeroes of f(x) = x – 6x – 26x + 138x – 35 are 2 ± 3 , the other two zeroes are :
(a) 7 and –5 (b) –7 and 5 (c) –7 and – 5 (d) none of these
4 3 2
14. If two zeroes of p(x)= 2x + x – 14x – 19x – 6 are –1 and –2, the other two zeroes are:
1 1 1
(a) and – 3 (b)  and – 3 (c)  and 3 (d) none of these
2 2 2
15. If the zeroes of f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + x + 1 are a – b, a, a + b, then value of a and b is :
(a) a  1, b   2 (b) a  1, b   2 (c) a  1, b  2 (d) none of these

20 POLYNOMIALS MATHEMATICS–X
 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK QUESTIONS)

1. The graph of polynomial y  f ( x) are given below. Find the number of zeroes of the corresponding
polynomial.

Y Y Y
y = f(x) y = f(x)
y = f(x)

X X X X X X
O O O

Y Y Y
(i) (ii) (iii)

Y Y Y
y = f(x) y = f(x)
y = f(x)

X X X X X X
O O O

Y Y Y
(iv) (v) (vi)

2. The graph of polynomial y  f ( x) are given below. For each of the graphs, find the zeroes of the
corresponding polynomial.

Y Y
5 5 y = f(x)
4 4
3 y = f(x) 3
2 2
1 1
X 0 X X 0 X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–2 –2
–3 –3
–4 –4
–5 –5
Y Y
(i) (ii)

MATHEMATICS–X POLYNOMIALS 21
 Y Y
5 5 y = f(x)
4 4
3 y = f(x) 3
2 2
1 1
X 0 X X 0 X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–2 –2
–3 –3
–4 –4
–5 –5
Y Y
(iii) (iv)

3. Find the zeroes of the polynomial 9x2 – 25.

2
4. Write a polynomial whose zeroes are –3 and.
3
5. How many maximum zeroes will the polynomial 3x3 + 6x2 – 7 can have?
6. Write the sum and the product of the zeroes of the polynomial 3x2 – 5x + 9.
7. Write a polynomial whose sum and product of zeroes are 2 and –9 respectively.
8. Show that x = 2 is a zero of the polynomial f(x) = x3 – 4x2 + 5x – 2.

1 
9. If  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 5x + 6, find the value of  .
 
10. Give an example of polynomials p(x), g(x), q(x) and r(x), which satisfy the division algorithm and
deg r(x) = 0.
11. What should be added to the polynomial p(x) = x2 – 5x + 4, so that 2 is a zero of p(x)?
12. What should be subtracted from the polynomial x 2  7 x  12 so that x = –4 is a zero of the polynomial?

13. What is the value of ‘p’ in the polynomial f ( x )  x 2  11x  p if –4 is a zero of the polynomial?

14. How many zeroes does the polynomial p( x)  x ( x  2)( x  3) have in all?
15. How many maximum number of zeroes a quadratic polynomial can have?
16. Find a quadratic polynomial whose two roots are 3  5 and 3  5 .

17. Find the common zero of x 2  1, x 4  1 and ( x  1)2 ?

18. For what value of x, both the polynomials p ( x)  x 2  x  6 and q ( x)  x 2  2 x  15 becomes zero.
19. Find a cubic polynomial whose three zeroes are 0, 3, –3.
20. If  are the zeroes of quadratic polynomial x2 – 3x + 2, form a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are
– and –.

22 POLYNOMIALS MATHEMATICS–X
 PRACTICE TEST
M.M : 30 Time : 1 hour
General Instructions :
Q. 1-4 carry 2 marks, Q. 5-8 carry 3 marks and Q. 9-10 carry 5 marks each.
1. The graph of y = p(x) are given below. find the number of zeroes of p(x).
Y Y

X X X X

Y Y
(a) (b)
2. Find zeroes of f (x)= x2 + 5x – 14. Also, verify the relationship between zeroes and its coefficients.
3. Find a quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of the zeroes are 3 and –5 respectively.
4. Using division algorithm, show that (x + 2) is a factor of p(x) = x2 – 3x – 10.
5. Draw the graph of the polynomial p(x)= x2 + 3x – 4.
6. On dividing x3 – 3x2 + x + 2 by a polynomial g(x), the quotient and remainder are (x – 2) and (–2 x + 4)
respectively. Find g(x).
7. If the zeroes of the polynomial x3 – 3x2 + x + 1 are a – b, a, a + b, find a and b.
8. Divide p(x) = 9x4 – 4x2 + 4 by q(x) = 3x2 + x – 1. Also, find quotient and remainder.
9. Find all the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = 2x4 – 3x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 2, if its two zeroes are  2 and 2.

10. Verify that 3,  1, 

1 are the zeroes of the cubic polynomial p(x) = 3x3 – 5x2 – 111x – 3, and then verify
3
the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients.

ANSWERS OF PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. (a) –2 and 4 (b) –3 and 1 (c) no zero (d) 1 and –1
1 1
(e) –2 and –2 (f) and
2 2
2. (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2
(e) 1 (f) 1
3. (a) –2, 4 (b) –2, 3 (c) –2, 0, 2 (d) –1.5, 2, 4
4. (a) No zero (b) 0 and 2 (c) –3 and 1 (d) 4
(e) 0 (f) 0 and 2

3
5. zeroes 5 and –2 ; Axis of symmetry; x 
2
MATHEMATICS–X POLYNOMIALS 23
 8. (a) –2 and –6 (b) 1 and –4 (c) 2 and 5 (d) ± 2

1 5
(e) ± (f) 
2 3

2 3 2 3
9. (a) x2 – 3x + 4 (b) x  2 x  (c) x  x (d) x 2  2 x  3
2 2
11. (a) x3 + 4x2 – 7 (b) x3 – 5x2 – 2x + 24 (c) 3x3 – 6x + 8
12. x3 – 3x2 – 6x + 8; (a) 3 (b) –6 (c) –8
13. (a) quotient = 7x2 + x + 5, remainder = 4
(b) quotient = 6x + 5, remainder = – 38x – 60
(c) quotient = – x2 – 2, remainder = – 5x + 10
(d) quotient = 3x – 5, remainder = 9x + 10
(e) quotient = 2x2 + 5x – 6, remainder = – 2
(f) quotient = 2x2 + 3x + 1, remainder = – 10
(g) quotient = – 2x2 – 9x – 49, remainder = 130 x + 200
(h) quotient = 2x3 + 2x2 – x – 1, remainder = x + 2
14. (a) yes (b) yes (c) no (d) yes (e) no (f) no
15.  3, 3, 1, 2 16. 2, –1 17. a = 7, b = – 18
2 2
18. x – 2 19. – x + 2 20. 14 x – 10
21. x – 2 22. k = 5, a = – 5

ANSWERS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (d)
6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b)

ANSWERS OF VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 1 (iv) 3 (v) 4 (vi) 1
2. (i) –3 and 4 (ii) –4, 0 and 3 (iii) –4, –2 and 4 (iv) 2
5 5
3.  4. 3x 2  7 x  6 5. 3 6. sum = , product = 3 7. x2 – 2x – 9
3 3
5
9. 10. p(x) = x2 + 5x + 7, g(x) = x + 2, q(x) = x + 3, r(x) = 1 11. 2 12. 56
6
13. 28 14. 3 15. 2 16. x2 – 6x + 4 17. x + 1 18. x = 3
19. x3 – 9x 20. k (x2 + 3x + 2)

ANSWERS OF PRACTICE TEST

1. (a) 4 (b) 2 2. 2 and – 7 3. x2 – 3x – 5
6. x2 – x + 1 7. a = 1, b   2 8. quotient = 3x2 – x, remainder = – x + 4
1
9.  2, 2, 1,
2
24 POLYNOMIALS MATHEMATICS–X