Principles and Strategies in Teaching

Mathematics
Jan Mark V. Labrador Activity 1
BSE-Mathematics 3 Prof. Jose D. Elvena Jr.

1. As future educator, what constructive alignment you should consider in

designing curriculum for the basic education (mathematics)? Consider the
following factors and principles:
a. Learning objectives/course competencies.
b. Pedagogies required to teach such learning competencies.
c. Assessments to ensure mastery for the intended learning outcome.

When creating a math curriculum for basic education, it is crucial for future
educators to take the concepts of constructive alignment into account. These
rules are founded on three main things: the learning objectives and course
competencies, the pedagogies needed to teach those competencies, and the
assessments used to make sure the learning outcomes are understood.

The following are some suggestions for including constructive alignment in

your curriculum design:

a) Learning goals and competences for the course:

Finding the learning goals or course skills you want your students to
master is the first step. This can be accomplished by segmenting the subject
matter into smaller, more focused units, and then outlining the knowledge
and skills you want your students to have at the conclusion of each unit. For
instance, you’re learning goals for a course in fundamental mathematics
might be as follows:

 To solve problems in the real world, one must comprehend and use
basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division).
 Show that you can work with fractions, decimals, and percentages
with ease.
 Recognize and use fundamental geometry principles (such as forms,
angles, and lines) to resolve practical issues.

b) Pedagogies needed to impart these learning competencies include:

The next stage is to choose the pedagogies or teaching techniques
you'll employ to help your students attain the learning objectives you've
identified. Among the most useful approaches for teaching fundamental
math are:

 Direct instruction: In this method, teachers lead students through

practice exercises while presenting knowledge and demonstrating
problem-solving strategies.
 Using their newly acquired arithmetic skills, students are required
to tackle real-world situations as part of problem-based learning.
  Collaborative learning: This involves group work and peer-to-peer
teaching, where students work together to solve problems and
share their knowledge.

c) Assurance of mastery for the desired learning outcome through

assessments:
Finally, it's critical to create evaluations that complement the
pedagogies and learning objectives you've selected. These tests should
gauge whether pupils have learned the material that was intended for
them. Basic arithmetic assessment techniques include the following:

 Tests and quizzes can be used to gauge how well students

comprehend math ideas and how well they can use those concepts
to solve problems.
 Performance tasks: These can be used to gauge students' aptitude
for applying mathematics in practical contexts.
 Self-assessments: These can be used to guide pupils in considering
their own learning and pinpointing their areas for development.

You can make sure that your students are learning the concepts and skills
necessary for success in basic mathematics and that they have the chance to
practice and demonstrate their mastery of those skills through appropriate
assessments by incorporating the principles of constructive alignment into the
design of your curriculum.

2. A 2018 study found that a sample number of 15-year-old Filipino

students ranked last in reading comprehension out of 79 countries. They also
ranked 78th in science and math (PISA RESULT). List down the issues, struggles
and crisis that our educational system is experiencing and how it must be
addressed.

Filipino students performed poorly on the PISA test, which indicates that
the country's educational system is dealing with several problems, difficulties,
and crises. Here are some of the difficulties and potential solutions:

1. Lack of funding: The government should give the education sector

priority when distributing extra funds. To give children better facilities,
higher teacher salaries, and support services, the budget for education
needs to be expanded.

2. Lack of qualified teachers: The nation is struggling with a dearth of

teachers, especially in rural areas. To raise the standard of instruction,
the government should fund teacher education and training.

3. Most public schools in the Philippines have overcrowded classrooms,

making it challenging for instructors to deliver high-quality instruction.
To lower the number of students per class and guarantee that every
student has access to a high-quality education, the government should
construct more classrooms and schools.

4. Curriculum that is out of date: The present curriculum could not be

appropriate for the demands of the students or the national economy. To
 make sure that the curriculum satisfies the nation's evolving demands,
the government should evaluate it frequently.

5. Restricted access to technology: Despite the growing importance of

technology in education, many schools in the Philippines still do not have
internet or computer access. To increase access and usage of technology
in teaching, the government should make investments in technology.

6. Poverty: One of the key causes of pupils' subpar academic performance is

poverty. The government should put initiatives in place to combat
poverty and aid underprivileged children so they can continue their
education.

7. Absence of parental involvement: Parents' participation in their

children's education is essential to their success. The government should
try to promote parental involvement in education and offer parents
opportunities to be involved in their children's education.

In conclusion, there are several issues with the Philippine educational

system that must be resolved right away. More funding should be given to the
education sector by the government, along with investments in teacher
preparation and training, smaller class sizes, curriculum updates, access to
technology, poverty alleviation, and parental involvement in education.

3. As a product of K-12 curriculum, how will you asses your academic

performance especially in Mathematics?

1. Pay attention to your grades because they provide a reliable measure of your
math performance. Maintain a record of the grades you receive for
assignments, tests, quizzes, and examinations. This will enable you to
pinpoint your areas for development.

2. Recognize your skills and limitations by reflecting on your performance and

evaluating which subjects you find simple or complex. You can concentrate
your study efforts on the areas that require improvement by being aware of
your strengths and shortcomings.

3. Consult your teacher for feedback: Your teacher can offer insightful
commentary on your performance. Request recommendations for
development and constructive criticism from your teacher.

4. Self-assess: Often evaluate yourself to determine your level of subject

understanding. To evaluate your knowledge, try practicing with practice
questions or working through arithmetic problems on your own.

5. Realistic goals should be set for yourself, and you should monitor your
progress over time. This may keep you inspired and concentrated on your
academics.

Aspects other than academic success make up your education, so keep

that in mind. It's crucial to cultivate abilities that are useful in many facets of
life, such as cooperation, critical thinking, and problem-solving.