MB20208 - BUSINESS ANALYTICS

INDEX

EX NO DATE NAME OF THE EXERCISE PAGE NO

1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISITCS- MEASURES OF

LOCATION
ANALYSING FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION USING
2
EXCEL
3 BASIC STRING FUNCTIONS

4 MEASURES OF VARIABILITY

MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TWO

5
VARIABLES
6 CONDITIONAL FORMATTING
7 COMPARE TWO LISTS

8 DATA VISUALIZATION USING EXCEL

DATA ANALYTICAL PROCESSING USING MS-

9
EXCEL PIVOT TABLE
ONLINE DATA ANALYTICAL PROCESSING
10
USING MS-EXCEL - SLICER
ADVANCED DATA VISUALIZATION USING
11
EXCEL

12 DATA DASHBOARD
 BUSINESS ANALYTICS
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ANALYTICS

Business analytics is the combination of skills, technologies, applications and processes used by
organizations to gain insight into their business based on data and statistics to drive business
planning. Business analytics is used to evaluate organization-wide operations, and can be
implemented in any department from sales to product development to customer service.
Business analytics refers to the skills, technologies, applications and practices for continuous
iterative exploration and investigation of past business performance to gain insight and drive
business planning. Business analytics focuses on developing new insights and understanding of
business performance based on data and statistical methods. In contrast, business intelligence
traditionally focuses on using a consistent set of metrics to both measure past performance and
guide business planning, which is also based on data and statistical methods.
Business analytics makes extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory
and predictive modeling, and fact-based management to drive decision making. It is therefore
closely related to management science. Analytics may be used as input for human decisions or
may drive fully automated decisions. Business intelligence is querying, reporting, OLAP, and
"alerts."
In other words, querying, reporting, OLAP, and alert tools can answer questions such as what
happened, how many, how often, where the problem is, and what actions are needed. Business
analytics can answer questions like why is this happening, what if these trends continue, what
will happen next (that is, predict), what is the best that can happen (that is, optimize).
 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF BUSINESS ANALYTICS

 Data Mining – Create models by uncovering previously unknown trends and patterns in vast
amounts of data e.g. detect insurance claims frauds, Retail Market basket analysis.  

There are various statistical techniques through which data mining is achieved. 
o Classification ( when we know on which variables to classify the data e.g. age, demographics) 
o Regression 
o Clustering ( when we don’t know on which factors to classify data) 
o Associations & Sequencing Models

 Text Mining - Discover and extract meaningful patterns and relationships from text collections
e.g. understand sentiments of Customers on social media sites like Twitter, Face book, Blogs,
Call center scripts etc. which are used to improve the Product or Customer service or understand
how competitors are doing.

 Forecasting – Analyze& forecast processes that takes place over the period of time e.g. predict
seasonal energy demand using historical trends, Predict how many ice creams cones are required
considering demand

 Predictive Analytics - Create, manage and deploy predictive scoring models e.g. Customer
churn &  retention, Credit Scoring, predicting failure in shop floor machinery

 Optimization – Use of simulations techniques to identify scenarios which will produce best
results e.g. Sale price optimization, identifying optimal Inventory for maximum fulfillment&
avoid stock outs

 Visualization - Enhanced exploratory data analysis & output of modeling results with highly
interactive statistical graphics

DATA WAREHOUSE

A data warehouse is a relational database that is designed for query and analysis rather than for
transaction processing. It usually contains historical data derived from transaction data, but it can
include data from other sources. It separates analysis workload from transaction workload and
enables an organization to consolidate data from several sources.
In addition to a relational database, a data warehouse environment includes an extraction,
transportation, transformation, and loading (ETL) solution, an online analytical processing
(OLAP) engine, client analysis tools, and other applications that manage the process of gathering
data and delivering it to business users.

A common way of introducing data warehousing is to refer to the characteristics of a data

warehouse as set forth by William Inmon:
Subject Oriented
Data warehouses are designed to help you analyze data. For example, to learn more about your
company's sales data, you can build a warehouse that concentrates on sales. Using this
warehouse, you can answer questions like "Who was our best customer for this item last year?"
This ability to define a data warehouse by subject matter, sales in this case, makes the data
warehouse subject oriented.

Integrated
Integration is closely related to subject orientation. Data warehouses must put data from
disparate sources into a consistent format. They must resolve such problems as naming conflicts
and inconsistencies among units of measure. When they achieve this, they are said to be
integrated.

Non-volatile
Non-volatile means that, once entered into the warehouse, data should not change. This is logical
because the purpose of a warehouse is to enable you to analyze what has occurred.

Time Variant
In order to discover trends in business, analysts need large amounts of data. This is very much in
contrast to online transaction processing (OLTP) systems, where performance requirements
demand that historical data be moved to an archive. A data warehouse's focus on change over
time is what is meant by the term time variant.

Big Data Analytics

Big Data is today, the hottest buzzword around, and with the amount of data being generated
every minute by consumers, or/and businesses worldwide, there is huge value to be found in Big
Data analytics. Big Data analytics is a process used to extract meaningful insights, such as
hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends, and customer preferences. Big Data
analytics provides various advantages—it can be used for better decision making, preventing
fraudulent activities, among other things.
Big Data analytics is fueling everything we do online—in every industry.

Take the music streaming platform Spotify for example. The company has nearly 96 million
users that generate a tremendous amount of data every day. Through this information, the cloud-
based platform automatically generates suggested songs—through a smart recommendation
engine—based on likes, shares, search history, and more. What enables this is the techniques,
tools, and frameworks that are a result of Big Data analytics.

If you are a Spotify user, then you must have come across the top recommendation section,
which is based on your likes, past history, and other things. Utilizing a recommendation engine
that leverages data filtering tools that collect data and then filter it using algorithms works. This
is what Spotify does.Big Data is a massive amount of data sets that cannot be stored, processed,
or analyzed using traditional tools.
Today, there are millions of data sources that generate data at a very rapid rate. These data
sources are present across the world. Some of the largest sources of data are social media
platforms and networks. Let’s use Facebook as an example—it generates more than 500
terabytes of data every day. This data includes pictures, videos, messages, and more.

Data also exists in different formats, like structured data, semi-structured data, and unstructured
data. For example, in a regular Excel sheet, data is classified as structured data—with a definite
format. In contrast, emails fall under semi-structured, and your pictures and videos fall under
unstructured data. All this data combined makes up Big Data.

But, Big Data in its raw form is of no use. So, now let us understand Big Data Analytics.

Advantages of Big Data Analytics

1. Risk Management
Use Case: Banco de Oro, a Phillippine banking company, uses Big Data analytics to identify
fraudulent activities and discrepancies. The organization leverages it to narrow down a list of
suspects or root causes of problems.

2. Product Development and Innovations

Use Case: Rolls-Royce, one of the largest manufacturers of jet engines for airlines and armed
forces across the globe, uses Big Data analytics to analyze how efficient the engine designs are
and if there is any need for improvements.

3. Quicker and Better Decision Making Within Organizations

Use Case: Starbucks uses Big Data analytics to make strategic decisions. For example, the
company leverages it to decide if a particular location would be suitable for a new outlet or not.
They will analyze several different factors, such as population, demographics, accessibility of the
location, and more.

4. Improve Customer Experience

Use Case: Delta Air Lines uses Big Data analysis to improve customer experiences. They
monitor tweets to find out their customers’ experience regarding their journeys, delays, and so
on. The airline identifies negative tweets and does what’s necessary to remedy the situation. By
publicly addressing these issues and offering solutions, it helps the airline build good customer
relations.

The Lifecycle of Big Data Analytics

Now, let’s review the lifecycle of Big Data analytics:

Stage 1 - Business case evaluation - The Big Data analytics lifecycle begins with a business case,
which defines the reason and goal behind the analysis.
Stage 2 - Identification of data - Here, a broad variety of data sources are identified.
Stage 3 - Data filtering - All of the identified data from the previous stage is filtered here to
remove corrupt data.
Stage 4 - Data extraction - Data that is not compatible with the tool is extracted and then
transformed into a compatible form.
Stage 5 - Data aggregation - In this stage, data with the same fields across different datasets are
integrated.
Stage 6 - Data analysis - Data is evaluated using analytical and statistical tools to discover useful
information.
Stage 7 - Visualization of data - With tools like Tableau, Power BI, and QlikView, Big Data
analysts can produce graphic visualizations of the analysis.
Stage 8 - Final analysis result - This is the last step of the Big Data analytics lifecycle, where the
final results of the analysis are made available to business stakeholders who will take action.
Get broad exposure to key technologies and skills used in data analytics and data science,
including statistics with the Post Graduate Program in Data Analytics.

There are four types of Big Data analytics:

1. Descriptive Analytics
This summarizes past data into a form that people can easily read. This helps in creating reports,
like a company’s revenue, profit, sales, and so on. Also, it helps in the tabulation of social media
metrics.

Use Case: The Dow Chemical Company analyzed its past data to increase facility utilization
across its office and lab space. Using descriptive analytics, Dow was able to identify
underutilized space. This space consolidation helped the company save nearly US $4 million
annually.

2. Diagnostic Analytics
This is done to understand what caused a problem in the first place. Techniques like drill-down,
data mining, and data recovery are all examples. Organizations use diagnostic analytics because
they provide an in-depth insight into a particular problem.

Use Case: An e-commerce company’s report shows that their sales have gone down, although
customers are adding products to their carts. This can be due to various reasons like the form
didn’t load correctly, the shipping fee is too high, or there are not enough payment options
available. This is where you can use diagnostic analytics to find the reason.

3. Predictive Analytics
This type of analytics looks into the historical and present data to make predictions of the future.
Predictive analytics uses data mining, AI, and machine learning to analyze current data and make
predictions about the future. It works on predicting customer trends, market trends, and so on.

Use Case: PayPal determines what kind of precautions they have to take to protect their clients
against fraudulent transactions. Using predictive analytics, the company uses all the historical
payment data and user behavior data and builds an algorithm that predicts fraudulent activities.

4. Prescriptive Analytics
This type of analytics prescribes the solution to a particular problem. Perspective analytics works
with both descriptive and predictive analytics. Most of the time, it relies on AI and machine
learning.

Use Case: Prescriptive analytics can be used to maximize an airline’s profit. This type of
analytics is used to build an algorithm that will automatically adjust the flight fares based on
numerous factors, including customer demand, weather, destination, holiday seasons, and oil
prices.

Big Data Analytics Tools

 Hadoop - helps in storing and analyzing data
 MongoDB - used on datasets that change frequently
 Talend - used for data integration and management
 Cassandra - a distributed database used to handle chunks of data
 Spark - used for real-time processing and analyzing large amounts of data
 STORM - an open-source real-time computational system
 Kafka - a distributed streaming platform that is used for fault-tolerant storage

Big Data Industry Applications

Here are some of the sectors where Big Data is actively used:
 Ecommerce - Predicting customer trends and optimizing prices are a few of the ways e-
commerce uses Big Data analytics
 Marketing - Big Data analytics helps to drive high ROI marketing campaigns, which
result in improved sales
 Education - Used to develop new and improve existing courses based on market
requirements
 Healthcare - With the help of a patient’s medical history, Big Data analytics is used to
predict how likely they are to have health issues
 Media and entertainment - Used to understand the demand of shows, movies, songs, and
more to deliver a personalized recommendation list to its users
 Banking - Customer income and spending patterns help to predict the likelihood of
choosing various banking offers, like loans and credit cards
 Telecommunications - Used to forecast network capacity and improve customer
experience
 Government - Big Data analytics helps governments in law enforcement, among other
things
BUSINESS ANALYTICS USING MS EXCEL- INTRODUCTION
Excel is the spreadsheet application from Microsoft. It is one of the many software programs that
make up MS Office 2007 which is available only for the Windows PC operating system. Excel is
a program which displays a table of numbers and text in rows and columns, and used for
accounting, budgeting, financial analysis, scientific applications, and other work with figures.

The Office Logo

The first thing most people will need to relearn is where to go to open a document, create a new
one, save your document and print. Clicking the Office logo at the top left of the screen will
provide most of the items formerly found under the file menu including those listed above.
Beside the logo you also will find a disk icon to save your document as well as the undo and redo
buttons. More buttons can be added to this “Quick Access Toolbar” through the Excel options
mentioned in the next section.

As you can see here the Office logo opens up listing your options for new, open etc. and also
contains a list of your recent documents for quick opening. Any of the items listed with an arrow
beside them will replace the recent documents on the right with the options associated with the
menu item. You should also see at the bottom right of this menu a button for exiting Excel and
changing Excel’s options.
Save as
The save as option will provide you with the most common file formats to save your document
in. The common ones are Excel Workbook, Excel Macro-enabled Workbook, Excel Binary
Workbook, and Excel 97-2003 Workbook. The last one is the option most people should be
using currently, especially if they wish to share documents with others who do not have the new
version of Office.
Print
Here you can choose from Print, Quick Print and Print Preview. Print brings up the standard
print dialog box, quick print will print one copy without any dialog box coming up and print
preview will bring up the print preview screen.
Prepare
The prepare menu’s most common options are Properties, Inspect Document, Mark as Final and
Run Compatibility Checker. The properties option allows you to setup metadata for the
document like Author, Title, keywords, comments and others. Inspect Document will scan the
document for any hidden data like comments and annotations, and any hidden collaboration data.
This is very useful when making a previously private document public. It will help you find any
comments or changes made previously that should not be made public. Mark as Final will mark
the document as a final copy and make it read only so changes cannot be made. The last
common item, Run Compatibility Checker will scan the document for new features that were
used and show you these. This is recommended if you where creating a document in the new file
format but now need to convert it back to the Office 2003 format to share with someone who
does not have Office 2007.
Excel Ribbons
The most notable feature of the new Excel 2007 interface is the Ribbon format. By default Excel
has seven Ribbons available through tabs. These Ribbons are:
1. The Home Ribbon
2. The Insert Ribbon
3. The Page Layout Ribbon
4. The Formulas Ribbon
5. The Data Ribbon
6. The Review Ribbon
7. The View Ribbon
1. The Home Tab

The home tab the basic formatting tools found in Excel 2007. You will find seven sections,
Clipboard, Font, Alignment, Number, Styles, Cells and Editing. Clicking the down arrow
beside any of the icons here will drop down more options for that tool. Each section also
contains an arrow in the bottom right corner which will open a window containing the options
found in that section.
a. Clipboard

The Clipboard allows you to cut, copy, paste and copy formatting from one place to another.
b. Font

The font section of the ribbon provides a section to handle the basic text formatting. Items such
as bold, underline, strikethrough, highlight and font type can be changed here. Some items from
this section and some items from the number section are also available by right clicking a cell.
This saves having to move your cursor all the way to the top of the screen for some common
formatting items.

c. Alignment

The alignment section provides icons to justify, Vertical alignment, indents, text wrap, merge
cells and centre text and text orientation.
d. Number

The number section provides the options for formatting numbers. You can choose the type of
number, like date, currency, percentage, fraction or general. You can also increase or decrease
the number of decimal places shown.
e. Styles

The styles section allows you to quickly change the formatting of a section of cells by choosing
one of the predefined styles. You can choose different types of conditional formatting, table
formatting or cell styles. These are used to change the visual appearance of a section to quickly
show what is being displayed in an area.
f. Cells

This section allows you to insert of delete cells, rows, columns, or sheets. You can also format
the height or width of columns and rows, hide or unhide elements, organize or protect cells and
sheets. There are a lot of features in this section under the format option.

g. Editing
The editing section gives you options for inserting functions, filling formulas across cells,
clearing formatting and formulas, sorting and finding. Again, there is a large number of options
in this area. These options are also included in the image to left.

2. Insert Tab

The insert tab has five sections for inserting most types of objects. The sections are tables,
illustrations, charts, links, text and symbols.
a. Tables

The tables section has an option for pivot tables and charts and tables. You can select an area
and turn it into a formatted table or pivot table with these options. Once you have created your
table there is another tab which becomes available to work with the table design. This tab is
shown below.
b. Table Design

c. Illustrations

The Illustrations section allows you to insert pictures, clipart, shapes, and SmartArt. After
inserting or selecting a picture you are provided with a new toolbar along the top shown here.
This toolbar gives you the ability to change the brightness, contrast, shape, position, text
wrapping and other options for the picture. Clicking off the picture or on one of the other tabs
will take you back to the standard toolbars. The Shapes option of the Illustrations section allows
you to insert lines, arrows, boxes, basic flowchart shapes and a number of others. The SmartArt
option provides features like org charts, flow charts, illustrated lists and processes. The Chart
option is similar to Excel 2003 but it offers more options for your charts.
d. Charts

The charts section provides drop down menus to insert different types of column, line, pie, bar,
area, scatter and other types of charts. Once you create a chart you will get three additional tabs
to work with your chart. They are shown below.
i. Chart Design Tab - Contextual tabs

ii. Chart Layout Tab - Contextual tabs

iii. Chart Format Tab - Contextual tabs

e. Links
The links section provides options for inserting hyperlinks to your spreadsheet.
f. Text

Options in the text section include text box, header and footer, WordArt and a number of
predefined text blocks like a signature line and symbols. There are a lot of option in here to
setup on your own or you can use Excel’s predefined options.
3. Page Layout Tab

The page layout tab has five sections, Themes, Page Setup, Scale to Fit, Sheet Options, and
Arrange.
a. Themes

The themes section provides a quick way to format your document. By choosing a theme you
will have a set colour scheme, font combinations, and effects. You can choose one of the
provided themes, modify any provided theme or create your own. You can also go online in this
section and browse Microsoft.com for additional themes. Be aware that changing your theme
after creating a document may require you to reformat some items as themes also include some
layout options.
b. Page Setup
Page setup provides you with the tools to change margins, size, orientation, columns, breaks,
backgrounds and add print titles to the document.
c. Scale To Fit

This section allows you to scale to fit your document onto a certain number of pages or to scale it
to a certain percentage of it’s current size.
d. Sheet Options

This section gives you checkboxes to view or print headings and gridlines.
e. Arrange

The arrange section is also found in the image toolbar when an image is selected. Here you can
change an images position, the alignment, grouping and rotation or the image.
4. Formulas Tab

The formulas tab contains four sections, function library, defined names, formula auditing and
calculation.
a. Function Library

This section gives you access to the large number of predefined Excel functions. There are Auto
Sum functions, financial, logical, text, date and time, lookup and reference, math and trig, and
additional functions. It also provides a section for recently used functions so you can get back to
the ones that you use the most quickly.
b. Defined Names

The defined names section allows you to create names or variables to be referenced in other
areas. This would be like assigning “taxrate” to cell b2 so in a formula you can easily see what
you were referencing when you look at a formula months after creating it. The formula
=A10*taxrate means more later than =a10*b2
c. Formula Auditing

This section provides tools to manage formulas to ensure that they are correct. You can use the
tools here to find out what cells your formula depends on, what cells depend on the current cell,
and show the formula in a cell instead of the resulting value. There is also a tool for error
checking which will look for common errors in formulas.
d. Calculation

Here you can turn on or off automatic calculation from formulas. If you turn off automatic
calculations you can use this area to calculate the current cell or the whole sheet.
5. Data Tab

The data tab contains five sections, get external data, connections, sort and filter, data tools, and
outline.
a. Get External Data
This is a single drop down item which allows you to refresh data from an external source. You
can pull in data from Access, the Internet, text files or from other external sources.
b. Connections

Here is where you manage any connections to outside sources. The setup done here is what
allows you to pull data from the external sources listed above.
c. Sort & Filter

Here you can sort or filter your data based on criteria you specify. You can use simple
alphabetical sorting or create more complex filters to manipulate your data.
d. Data Tools

With the data tools section you can take text and turn it into columns, remove duplicates, check
your data to make sure it is valid based on different criteria. Are they all whole numbers? Are
they all properly formatted dates? You can also consolidate data or do “What if” analysis where
you can check you data against different scenarios.
e. Outline
The final section in the data tab provides tools to group or ungroup rows or columns and obtain
subtotals for grouped items.
6. Review Tab

The review tab offers three sections which include proofing, comments, and changes.
a. Proofing

The proofing section provides the standard spelling and grammar check, a thesaurus, and
research tools that include MSN search and Microsoft Encarta encyclopedia. You will also find
translation tools to help with single words or the whole document. The translation of the entire
document is done by an online service called Wordlingo.
b. Comments

The comments section allows you to add comments to a document for easier collaboration. You
can cycle through the comments to find out what notes you left for yourself or others and you
can delete a comment that was made when it is no longer relevant.
c. Changes

The changes section allows you to protect a sheet or the entire workbook, you can also share a
workbook. Some of the sharing features are only available to users on a Windows domain. This
authenticates the users against the domain for access so this will not work for many people.
7. View Tab

The view tab offers five sections which include workbook views, show/hide, zoom, window and
macros.
a. Workbook Views

The workbook views section switches your display between normal view, page layout, full
screen and page break preview. The page layout will show you what will be on each page and
provide a way to add headers and footers to each page. The page break preview will show you a
scaled version of your spreadsheet with dotted lines showing where the page breaks will be.
There is also a way to work with custom views here.
b. Show/Hide

The show/hide section will toggle certain tools on or off the screen including rulers, gridlines,
message bar, formula bar and headings. The rulers will show along the top and left side of the
screen. Gridlines will show the grids around each cell. They will be visible on screen but don’t
print.
c. Zoom

The zoom section provides tools to zoom into or out of the document. You can choose your
own zoom factor or use the predefined zoom factor of 100% or you can select a section and
zoom so it fills your screen.

d. Window
The window section allows you to create a new window, arrange your windows one on top of the
other or split your window so the same document is viewed in two screens one on top of the
other. You can also hid and unhide a window. Once you have arranged your windows the way
you like them you can save the workspace so you can open to this setup when you need to work
on these items again. This is very handy for setups where you need to work on multiple
documents at once and you have to do this a lot. You can also choose which window to work on
through the switch windows drop down menu.
e. Macros

The macros section provides the tools required to work with and create basic macros. You can
view existing macros or record your own. Choose record macro from the drop down and then
perform the functions you do often, like change the page layout, and style of the document.
Once you have done those tasks then stop recording. You will be able to use that macro over
again to shorten the steps you need to take every time you need to perform that set of tasks.

MS Excel Shortcut Keys

CTRL combination shortcut keys

KEY DESCRIPTION

CTRL+SHIFT+( Unhides any hidden rows within the selection.

CTRL+SHIFT+) Unhides any hidden columns within the selection.

CTRL+SHIFT+& Applies the outline border to the selected cells.

CTRL+SHIFT_ Removes the outline border from the selected cells.

 CTRL+SHIFT+~ Applies the General number format.

CTRL+SHIFT+$ Applies the Currency format with two decimal places (negative numbers
in parentheses).

CTRL+SHIFT+% Applies the Percentage format with no decimal places.

CTRL+SHIFT+^ Applies the Exponential number format with two decimal places.

CTRL+SHIFT+# Applies the Date format with the day, month, and year.

CTRL+SHIFT+@ Applies the Time format with the hour and minute, and AM or PM.

CTRL+SHIFT+! Applies the Number format with two decimal places, thousands
separator, and minus sign (-) for negative values.

CTRL+SHIFT+* Selects the current region around the active cell (the data area enclosed
by blank rows and blank columns).
In a PivotTable, it selects the entire PivotTable report.

CTRL+SHIFT+: Enters the current time.

CTRL+SHIFT+" Copies the value from the cell above the active cell into the cell or the
Formula Bar.

CTRL+SHIFT+Plus Displays the Insert dialogue box to insert blank cells.

(+)

CTRL+Minus (-) Displays the Delete dialogue box to delete the selected cells.

CTRL+; Enters the current date.

CTRL+` Alternates between displaying cell values and displaying formulas in the
worksheet.

CTRL+' Copies a formula from the cell above the active cell into the cell or the
Formula Bar.

CTRL+1 Displays the Format Cells dialogue box.

CTRL+2 Applies or removes bold formatting.

CTRL+3 Applies or removes italic formatting.

CTRL+4 Applies or removes underlining.

CTRL+5 Applies or removes strikethrough.

CTRL+6 Alternates between hiding objects, displaying objects, and displaying

placeholders for objects.

CTRL+8 Displays or hides the outline symbols.

CTRL+9 Hides the selected rows.

CTRL+0 Hides the selected columns.

CTRL+A Selects the entire worksheet.

If the worksheet contains data, CTRL+A selects the current region.
Pressing CTRL+A a second time selects the current region and its
summary rows. Pressing CTRL+A a third time selects the entire
worksheet.
When the insertion point is to the right of a function name in a formula,
displays the Function Arguments dialogue box.
CTRL+SHIFT+A inserts the argument names and parentheses when the
insertion point is to the right of a function name in a formula.

CTRL+B Applies or removes bold formatting.

CTRL+C Copies the selected cells.

CTRL+C followed by another CTRL+C displays the Clipboard.

CTRL+D Uses the Fill Down command to copy the contents and format of the
topmost cell of a selected range into the cells below.

CTRL+F Displays the Find and Replace dialogue box, with the Find tab selected.
SHIFT+F5 also displays this tab, while SHIFT+F4 repeats the last Find
action.
 CTRL+SHIFT+F opens the Format Cells dialogue box with the Font
tab selected.

CTRL+G Displays the Go To dialogue box.

F5 also displays this dialogue box.

CTRL+H Displays the Find and Replace dialogue box, with the Replace tab
selected.

CTRL+I Applies or removes italic formatting.

CTRL+K Displays the Insert Hyperlink dialogue box for new hyperlinks or the
Edit Hyperlink dialogue box for selected existing hyperlinks.

CTRL+N Creates a new, blank workbook.

CTRL+O Displays the Open dialogue box to open or find a file.

CTRL+SHIFT+O selects all cells that contain comments.

CTRL+P Displays the Print dialogue box.

CTRL+SHIFT+P opens the Format Cells dialogue box with the Font
tab selected.

CTRL+R Uses the Fill Right command to copy the contents and format of the
leftmost cell of a selected range into the cells to the right.

CTRL+S Saves the active file with its current file name, location, and file format.

CTRL+T Displays the Create Table dialogue box.

CTRL+U Applies or removes underlining.

CTRL+SHIFT+U switches between expanding and collapsing of the
formula bar.

CTRL+V Inserts the contents of the Clipboard at the insertion point and replaces
any selection. Available only after you have cut or copied an object, text,
or cell contents.
CTRL+ALT+V displays the Paste Special dialogue box. Available only
after you have cut or copied an object, text, or cell contents on a
worksheet or in another program.

CTRL+W Closes the selected workbook window.

 CTRL+X Cuts the selected cells.

CTRL+Y Repeats the last command or action, if possible.

CTRL+Z Uses the Undo command to reverse the last command or to delete the
last entry that you typed.
CTRL+SHIFT+Z uses the Undo or Redo command to reverse or restore
the last automatic correction when AutoCorrect Smart Tags are
displayed.

Function keys

KEY DESCRIPTION

F1 Displays the Microsoft Office Excel Help task pane.

CTRL+F1 displays or hides the Ribbon, a component of the Microsoft Office Fluent user
interface.
ALT+F1 creates a chart of the data in the current range.
ALT+SHIFT+F1 inserts a new worksheet.

F2 Edits the active cell and positions the insertion point at the end of the cell contents. It also
moves the insertion point into the Formula Bar when editing in a cell is turned off.
SHIFT+F2 adds or edits a cell comment.
CTRL+F2 displays the Print Preview window.

F3 Displays the Paste Name dialogue box.

SHIFT+F3 displays the Insert Function dialogue box.

F4 Repeats the last command or action, if possible.

CTRL+F4 closes the selected workbook window.

F5 Displays the Go To dialogue box.

CTRL+F5 restores the window size of the selected workbook window.

F6 Switches between the worksheet, Ribbon, task pane, and Zoom controls. In a worksheet
that has been split (View menu, Manage This Window, Freeze Panes, Split Window
command), F6 includes the split panes when switching between panes and the Ribbon
 area.
SHIFT+F6 switches between the worksheet, Zoom controls, task pane, and Ribbon.
CTRL+F6 switches to the next workbook window when more than one workbook
window is open.

F7 Displays the Spelling dialogue box to check spelling in the active worksheet or selected
range.
CTRL+F7 performs the Move command on the workbook window when it is not
maximized. Use the arrow keys to move the window, and when finished press ENTER,
or ESC to cancel.

F8 Turns extend mode on or off. In extend mode, Extended Selection appears in the status
line, and the arrow keys extend the selection.
SHIFT+F8 enables you to add a nonadjacent cell or range to a selection of cells by using
the arrow keys.
CTRL+F8 performs the Size command (on the Control menu for the workbook window)
when a workbook is not maximized.
ALT+F8 displays the Macro dialogue box to create, run, edit, or delete a macro.

F9 Calculates all worksheets in all open workbooks.

SHIFT+F9 calculates the active worksheet.
CTRL+ALT+F9 calculates all worksheets in all open workbooks, regardless of whether
they have changed since the last calculation.
CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+F9 rechecks dependent formulas, and then calculates all cells in all
open workbooks, including cells not marked as needing to be calculated.
CTRL+F9 minimizes a workbook window to an icon.

F10 Turns key tips on or off.

SHIFT+F10 displays the shortcut menu for a selected item.
ALT+SHIFT+F10 displays the menu or message for a smart tag. If more than one smart
tag is present, it switches to the next smart tag and displays its menu or message.
CTRL+F10 maximizes or restores the selected workbook window.

F11 Creates a chart of the data in the current range.

SHIFT+F11 inserts a new worksheet.
ALT+F11 opens the Microsoft Visual Basic Editor, in which you can create a macro by
 using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

F12 Displays the Save As dialogue box.

Other useful shortcut keys

KEY DESCRIPTION

ARROW Move one cell up, down, left, or right in a worksheet.

KEYS
CTRL+ARROW KEY moves to the edge of the current data region in a
worksheet.
SHIFT+ARROW KEY extends the selection of cells by one cell.
CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW KEY extends the selection of cells to the last
nonblank cell in the same column or row as the active cell, or if the next cell is
blank, extends the selection to the next nonblank cell.
LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW selects the tab to the left or right when the
Ribbon is selected. When a submenu is open or selected, these arrow keys
switch between the main menu and the submenu. When a Ribbon tab is
selected, these keys navigate the tab buttons.
DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW selects the next or previous command when
a menu or submenu is open. When a Ribbon tab is selected, these keys navigate
up or down the tab group.
In a dialogue box, arrow keys move between options in an open drop-down list,
or between options in a group of options.
DOWN ARROW or ALT+DOWN ARROW opens a selected drop-down list.

BACKSPACE Deletes one character to the left in the Formula Bar.

Also clears the content of the active cell.
In cell editing mode, it deletes the character to the left of the insertion point.

DELETE Removes the cell contents (data and formulas) from selected cells without
affecting cell formats or comments.
In cell editing mode, it deletes the character to the right of the insertion point.

END Moves to the cell in the lower-right corner of the window when SCROLL
LOCK is turned on.
Also selects the last command on the menu when a menu or submenu is visible.
 CTRL+END moves to the last cell on a worksheet, in the lowest used row of
the rightmost used column. If the cursor is in the formula bar, CTRL+END
moves the cursor to the end of the text.
CTRL+SHIFT+END extends the selection of cells to the last used cell on the
worksheet (lower-right corner). If the cursor is in the formula bar,
CTRL+SHIFT+END selects all text in the formula bar from the cursor position
to the end—this does not affect the height of the formula bar.

ENTER Completes a cell entry from the cell or the Formula Bar, and selects the cell
below (by default).
In a data form, it moves to the first field in the next record.
Opens a selected menu (press F10 to activate the menu bar) or performs the
action for a selected command.
In a dialogue box, it performs the action for the default command button in the
dialogue box (the button with the bold outline, often the OK button).
ALT+ENTER starts a new line in the same cell.
CTRL+ENTER fills the selected cell range with the current entry.
SHIFT+ENTER completes a cell entry and selects the cell above.

ESC Cancels an entry in the cell or Formula Bar.

Closes an open menu or submenu, dialogue box, or message window.
It also closes full screen mode when this mode has been applied, and returns to
normal screen mode to display the Ribbon and status bar again.

HOME Moves to the beginning of a row in a worksheet.

Moves to the cell in the upper-left corner of the window when SCROLL LOCK
is turned on.
Selects the first command on the menu when a menu or submenu is visible.
CTRL+HOME moves to the beginning of a worksheet.
CTRL+SHIFT+HOME extends the selection of cells to the beginning of the
worksheet.

PAGE DOWN Moves one screen down in a worksheet.

ALT+PAGE DOWN moves one screen to the right in a worksheet.
 CTRL+PAGE DOWN moves to the next sheet in a workbook.
CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN selects the current and next sheet in a
workbook.

PAGE UP Moves one screen up in a worksheet.

ALT+PAGE UP moves one screen to the left in a worksheet.
CTRL+PAGE UP moves to the previous sheet in a workbook.
CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE UP selects the current and previous sheet in a
workbook.

SPACEBAR In a dialogue box, performs the action for the selected button, or selects or
clears a check box.
CTRL+SPACEBAR selects an entire column in a worksheet.
SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects an entire row in a worksheet.
CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects the entire worksheet.

If the worksheet contains data, CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects the current

region. Pressing CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR a second time selects the current
region and its summary rows. Pressing CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR a third
time selects the entire worksheet.
When an object is selected, CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects all objects on a
worksheet.

ALT+SPACEBAR displays the Control menu for the Microsoft Office Excel
window.

TAB Moves one cell to the right in a worksheet.

Moves between unlocked cells in a protected worksheet.
Moves to the next option or option group in a dialogue box.
SHIFT+TAB moves to the previous cell in a worksheet or the previous option
in a dialogue box.
CTRL+TAB switches to the next tab in dialogue box.
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB switches to the previous tab in a dialogue box.
EX NO: 1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS- MEASURES OF LOCATION
DATE:

AIM

To understand and perform descriptive statistics using MS-Excel

PROCEDURE:--

I. BASIC EXCEL FUNCTIONS FOR CALCULATION

1. SUM

Formula: =SUM(5, 5) or =SUM(A1, B1) or =SUM(A1:B5)

The SUM formula does exactly what you would expect. It allows you to add 2 or more
numbers together. You can use cell references as well in this formula.

The above shows you different examples. You can have numbers in there separated by commas
and it will add them together for you, you can have cell references and as long as there are
numbers in those cells it will add them together for you, or you can have a range of cells with a
colon in between the 2 cells, and it will add the numbers in all the cells in the range.

2. AVERAGE
The Excel AVERAGE function does exactly what its name suggests, i.e. finds an average, or
arithmetic mean, of numbers. Its syntax is similar to SUM's:

AVERAGE(number1, [number2], …)

Having a closer look at the last formula from the previous section (=SUM(A2:A6)/5), what
does it actually do? Sums values in cells A2 through A6, and then divides the result by 5. And
what do you call adding up a group of numbers and then dividing the sum by the count of those
numbers? Yep, an average!

So, instead of typing =SUM(A2:A6)/5, you can simply put =AVERAGE(A2:A6)

3. COUNT

Formula: =COUNT(A1:A10)

The count formula counts the number of cells in a range that have numbers in them.

This formula only works with numbers though:

It only counts the cells where there are numbers.

4. COUNTA

Formula: =COUNTA(A1:A10)

Counts the number of non-empty cells in a range. It will count cells that have numbers and/or
any other characters in them.The COUNTA Formula works with all data types. It counts the
number of non-empty cells no matter the data type.

5. SUMIF, COUNTIF, AVERAGEIF

Formulas: =SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range), =COUNTIF(range, criteria),

=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)

These formulas all do their respective functions (SUM, COUNT, AVERAGE) IF the criteria are
met. There are also the formulas: SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, AVERAGEIFS where they will do their
respective functions based on multiple criteria you give the formula.
I use these formulas in our example to see the average revenue (AVERAGEIF) if a person met
their quota, Total revenue (SUMIF) for the just the sales people who met their quota, and the
count of sales people who met their quota (COUNTIF)

PROCEDURE:
The most used functions in Excel are the functions that count and sum. You can count and sum
based on one criteria or multiple criteria.

COUNT
To count the number of cells that contain numbers, use the COUNT function.

SUM
To sum a range of cells, use the SUM function.

SUMIF
To sum cells based on one criteria (for example, greater than 9), use the following SUMIF
function (two arguments).
To sum cells based on one criteria (for example, green), use the following SUMIF function
(three arguments, last argument is the range to sum).

COUNTIF
To count cells based on one criteria (for example, greater than 9), use the following COUNTIF
function.

Note: visit our page about the COUNTIF function for many more examples.

AVERAGE
To calculate the average number of cells that contain numbers, use the AVERAGE function.
STANDARD DEVIATION
To calculate the average number of cells that contain numbers, use the STDEV function.
STDEV.P is for population standard deviation and STDEV.S for sample standard deviation.
EX.NO: 2 ANALYSING FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION USING EXCEL
DATE:

AIM

To analyse frequency distribution using MS-Excel

PROCEDURE
Frequency
 

The FREQUENCY function in Excel calculates how often values occur within the ranges you
specify in a bin table. You can also use the COUNTIFS function to create a frequency
distribution.
1. First, enter the bin numbers (upper levels) in the range C4:C8.
2. Select the range D4:D9 (extra cell), enter the FREQUENCY function shown below (without
the curly braces) and finish by pressing CTRL + SHIFT + ENTER.
Note: the formula bar indicates that this is an array formula by enclosing it in curly braces {}. To
delete this array formula, select the range D4:D9 and press Delete.

3. Hide the column with the bin numbers (upper levels) and insert a column with proper bin
labels.
Explanation: 1 value is less than or equal to 20, 8 values are greater than or equal to 21 and less
than or equal to 25, etc. At step 2, we selected the range D4:D9 (instead of the range D4:D8). As
a result, the FREQUENCY function also counts the number of values that are greater than 40.

4. You can also use the Analysis Toolpak to create a histogram.

5. Change the bin numbers. Select the range D4:D9 (no extra cell), enter the FREQUENCY
function shown below (without the curly braces) and finish by pressing CTRL + SHIFT +
ENTER.

Explanation: the last bin number is greater than or equal to the maximum value (52). As a result,
we don't need an extra cell to count the number of values that are greater than 60.

6. You can also use the COUNTIFS function to create a frequency distribution.

Explanation: the COUNTIFS function in Excel counts cells based on two or more criteria. The
COUNTIFS function shown above has 2 range/criteria pairs. The & operator joins ">=" with the
value in cell C4 and "<=" with the value in cell D4. You can easily copy this formula to the other
cells.

EX NO: 3 BASIC STRING FUNCTIONS

DATE:

AIM

To understand and perform basic string functions using MS-Excel

PROCEDURE:
BASIC STRING FUNCTIONS
S.N Function Name Syntax Description
o
1 CONCATENATE =CONCATENATE( text1, [text2], ... ) Joins together a series of
supplied text strings or other
values, into one combined
text string
2 LEN =LEN (text) Get the length of text.
3 FIND =FIND (find_text, within_text, Get the location of text in a
[start_num]) string(with case sensitivity &
wildcards not allowed)
4 REPLACE =REPLACE (old_text, start_num, Replace text based on
num_chars, new_text) location
5 SEARCH =SEARCH (find_text, within_text, Get the location of text in a
[start_num]) string(without case sensitivity
and wildcards allowed)
6 SUBSTITUTE =SUBSTITUTE (text, old_text, Replace text based on content
new_text, [instance])
7 EXACT =EXACT (text1, text2) Compare two text strings
8 UPPER =UPPER (text) Convert text to upper case
9 LOWER =UPPER (text) Convert text to lower case

CONCATENATE
Dataset Information: Information contains First name and Last name
First name Last name
Susan Chang
Ayako Tanaka
Bobby Smith
Aaron Lennox
Q1: Combine First name and Last name in to one column called Full name with space b/w
the names
Procedure:
Step 1: Create one column called Full name in Cell D5
Step 2: Enter the following formula =CONCATENATE(B6," ",C6) in the Cell D6 and
Press Enter

Step 3: Go to the end of Cell D6 and drag the formula till Cell D9
FIND
Dataset:
What to Find Within Result
The The cat in the Hat
Scenario: Find the text “the” in Within the Column using FIND Function
Note: - There are 2 strings with the text “the” in the Within Column. One with lower case and
another with T letter as capital
Procedure:
Step 1: Enter the following formula in the Cell D7 and Press Enter=FIND(B7,C7)
Note:- Start number parameter is optional and defaults to 1. The value 12 is returned
which is the position of the string “the” in the text C7
REPLACE
Dataset:
What to Replace Within Result
My The cat in the Hat

Scenario: Replace the text “the” with the “My” text using REPLACE Function
Note: - There are 2 strings with the text “the” in the Within Column. One with lower case and
another with T letter as capital
Procedure:
Step 1: Enter the following formula in the Cell D7 and Press Enter
=REPLACE(C7,1,3,B7)

The above formula will replace the first “The” with “My” text because starting number as
we mentioned in the formula is 1
Step 3: If you want to replace the second “the” with “My “ text, use the following
formula=REPLACE(C7,12,3,B7).

In the above formula, the starting number we mentioned as 12 which is the starting
position of the second “the” text in the Cell C7
SUBSTITUTE
Dataset:
Address Formatted Address
John Smith, 1234 Main
St. Anywhere, CA 10134

Scenario: Formatting the address (Substituting the comma with new line character) using
SUBSTITUTE Function
Step 1: Enter the following formula in the Cell C7 and Press Enter
=SUBSTITUTE(B7,",", CHAR(10))
The Commas are removed and substituted with new line character using Char(10)
Function

EXACT
Dataset:
Text1 Text2 Result
Apple Apple
Orange orange
Scenario: Check whether Text1 and Text2 are equal. If equal, return TRUE. If not equal,
return FALSE
Note: Exact Formula is case sensitive.
Procedure:
Step 1: Enter the following formula in the Cell E7 and Press Enter
=EXACT(C7,D7)

Text1 and Text2 are equal, so Cell E7 will become TRUE

Step 2: Click and drag the end of Cell E7 to E8.

Case Study
Dataset
City
Los Angels
Sedona
Elmira
Lackawana
Defiance

Q: Write the formula for the following functions

1. LEN()
2. SEARCH()
3. UPPER()
4. LOWER()

III. LOOKUP FUNCTIONS

VLOOKUP:
Use VLOOKUP, one of the lookup and reference functions, when you need to find things in a
table or a range by row. For example, look up a price of an automotive part by the part number.
There are four pieces of information that you will need in order to build the VLOOKUP syntax:
1. The value you want to look up, also called the lookup value.
2. The range where the lookup value is located. Remember that the lookup value should
always be in the first column in the range for VLOOKUP to work correctly. For example,
if your lookup value is in cell C2 then your range should start with C.
3. The column number in the range that contains the return value. For example, if you
specify B2: D11 as the range, you should count B as the first column, C as the second,
and so on.
4. Optionally, you can specify TRUE if you want an approximate match or FALSE if you
want an exact match of the return value. If you don't specify anything, the default value
will always be TRUE or approximate match.
Syntax:
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])
HLOOKUP:
Use HLOOKUP when your comparison values are located in a row across the top of a table of
data, and you want to look down a specified number of rows. Use VLOOKUP when your
comparison values are located in a column to the left of the data you want to find.
The H in HLOOKUP stands for "Horizontal."

Syntax

=HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])

The HLOOKUP function syntax has the following arguments:
1. Lookup_value (Required). The value to be found in the first row of the table.
Lookup_value can be a value, a reference, or a text string.
2. Table_array (Required). A table of information in which data is looked up. Use a
reference to a range or a range name.
3. The values in the first row of table_array can be text, numbers, or logical values.
4. If range_lookup is TRUE, the values in the first row of table_array must be placed in
ascending order: ...-2, -1, 0, 1, 2,... , A-Z, FALSE, TRUE; otherwise, HLOOKUP may
not give the correct value. If range_lookup is FALSE, table_array does not need to be
sorted.

VLOOKUP
Dataset Information: Product Sales Information in $ during the period January to June
Product Januar Februar March April May June
Product1
Name $813.0
y $909.00
y $753.0 $388.0 $361.0 $748.0
Product2 0
$889.0 $452.00 0$826.0 0$530.0 0$742.0 0$104.0
Product3 0$243.0 $766.00 0$397.0 0$14.00 0$232.0 0$878.0
Product4 0$895.0 $949.00 0$214.0 $616.0 0$167.0 0$286.0
Product5 0$864.0 $382.00 0$57.00 0$402.0 0$431.0 0$489.0
Product6 0$779.0 $389.00 $895.0 0$328.0 0$280.0 0$905.0
Scenario: If you 0 want to find the April
0 Sales0for the particular
0 0product, we can use vlookup
function
Note:-1. If the data is vertical, use vlookup
2. If the data is horizontal, use hlookup
3. Make sure that your dataset range and formula range must be same
Procedure:
Step 1: Type the Column Name “Product Name” in Cell L5 and Column Name “April” in
Cell M5

Step 2: Enter the following formula in the Cell M6 and Press Enter
=VLOOKUP(L6,$C$3:$I$9,5,FALSE)
Step 3: If you enter Product1 in Cell L6, Excel will calculate the corresponding April Sales
for that product

Step 4: If you change the product name in cell L6 (Eg: Product3 or Product5), the
corresponding April Sales values ($14.00 or $402.00) is searched using vlookup formula
HLOOKUP
Dataset Information: Product Sales Information in $ during the period January to June
(Horizontal Data)
Product Name Product1 Product2 Product3 Product4 Product5 Product6
January 813 889 243 895 864 779
February 909 452 766 949 382 389
March 753 826 397 214 57 895
April 388 530 14 616 402 328
May 361 742 232 167 431 280
June 748 104 878 286 489 905

Scenario: If you want to find the April Sales for the particular product, we can use hlookup
function
Note:-1. If the data is vertical, use vlookup
2. If the data is horizontal, use hlookup
3. Make sure that your dataset range and formula range must be same
Procedure:
Step 1: Type the Column Name “Product Name” in Cell L5 and Column Name “April” in
Cell L6

Step 2: Enter the following formula in the Cell M6 and Press Enter
=HLOOKUP(M5,$C$5:$I$11,5,FALSE)
Step 3: If you enter Product1 in Cell M5, Excel will calculate the corresponding April Sales
for that product

Step 4: If you change the product name in cell M5 (Eg: Product3 or Product5), the
corresponding April Sales values ($14.00 or $402.00) is searched using hlookup formula
Case Study
1. Dataset: ProductID with Price
ProductID Price
A134 $ 3.50
B242 $ 4.20
 X212 $ 4.80
C413 $ 5.00
B2211 $ 5.20
Q1: Write VLOOKUP Formula to find the price for a particular product using ProductID
2. Dataset: ProductID with Price
Product
ID A134 B242 X212 C413 B2211
Price $3.50 $4.20 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20

Q1: Write HLOOKUP Formula to find the price for a particular product using ProductID

EX NO:4 MEASURES OF VARIABILITY

DATE :

Aim
To compute measures of variability using MS-Excel

Procedure
1. The sample variance is calculated in Excel using the worksheet function VAR. The population
variance is calculated in Excel using the function VARP.
2. In Excel 2010/2013 the alternative forms of these functions are VAR.S and VAR.P.
3. To calculate variance for sample, the formula is =VAR.S (A3:A8)
4. To calculate variance for population, the formula is=VAR.P (A3:A8)
EX NO:5 MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES
DATE:

Aim
To compute measures of association between two variables using Ms-Excel.
Procedure
1. Measures of association between two variables can be calculated through Scatter Plot,
Covariance and Correlation
2.To Insert Scatter plot for the given data go to insert menu and click scatter chart after selecting
the data.
3.To compute Covariance, COVARIANCE.S function will be used along with arrays. For the
given data the formula will be =COVARIANCE.S(A4:A17,B4:B17)as the data is presented in
Column A and B from 4th row to 17th row.
4. To compute Correlation , CORREL function will be used. For the given data the formula will
be= CORREL((A4:A17,B4:B17)
EX NO:6 CONDITIONAL FORMATTING

DATE:

AIM

To understand and perform conditional formatting using MS-Excel

PROCEDURE:

Conditional formatting in Excel enables you to highlight cells with a certain color, depending on

the cell's value.

Highlight Cells Rules

To highlight cells that are greater than a value, execute the following steps.

1. Select the range A1:A10.

2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting.

3. Click Highlight Cells Rules, Greater Than.

4. Enter the value 80 and select a formatting style.

5. Click OK.

Result. Excel highlights the cells that are greater than 80.
6. Change the value of cell A1 to 81.

Result. Excel changes the format of cell A1 automatically.

Note: you can also use this category (see step 3) to highlight cells that are less than a value,
between two values, equal to a value, cells that contain specific text, dates (today, last week, next
month, etc.), duplicates or unique values.
Clear Rules
To clear a conditional formatting rule, execute the following steps.
1. Select the range A1:A10.

2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting.

3. Click Clear Rules, Clear Rules from Selected Cells.

Top/Bottom Rules
To highlight cells that are above average, execute the following steps.

1. Select the range A1:A10.

2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting.

3. Click Top/Bottom Rules, Above Average.

4. Select a formatting style.

5. Click OK.

Result. Excel calculates the average (42.5) and formats the cells that are above this average.
Conditional Formatting with Formulas
Take your Excel skills to the next level and use a formula to determine which cells to format.
Formulas that apply conditional formatting must evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.

1. Select the range A1:E5.

2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting.

3. Click New Rule.

4. Select 'Use a formula to determine which cells to format'.

5. Enter the formula =ISODD(A1)

6. Select a formatting style and click OK.

Result. Excel highlights all odd numbers.

Explanation: always write the formula for the upper-left cell in the selected range. Excel
automatically copies the formula to the other cells. Thus, cell A2 contains the formula
=ISODD(A2), cell A3 contains the formula =ISODD(A3), etc.

Here's another example.

7. Select the range A2:D7.

8. Repeat steps 2-4 above.

9. Enter the formula =$C2="USA"

10. Select a formatting style and click OK.

Result. Excel highlights all USA orders.

Explanation: we fixed the reference to column C by placing a $ symbol in front of the column

letter ($C2). As a result, cell B2, C2 and cell D2 also contain the formula =$C2="USA", cell A3,
B3, C3 and D3 contain the formula =$C3="USA", etc.
EX NO: 7 COMPARE TWO LISTS

DATE:

AIM

To compare two lists using MS-Excel

PROCEDURE:

 This example describes how to compare two lists using conditional formatting. For example,
you may have two lists of NFL teams.

To highlight the teams in the first list that are not in the second list, execute the following steps.
1. First, select the range A1:A18 and name it firstList, select the range B1:B20 and name it
secondList.
2. Next, select the range A1:A18.

3. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting.

4. Click New Rule.

5. Select 'Use a formula to determine which cells to format'.

6. Enter the formula =COUNTIF(secondList,A1)=0

7. Select a formatting style and click OK.
Result. Miami Dolphins and Tennessee Titans are not in the second list.
Explanation: =COUNTIF(secondList,A1) counts the number of teams in secondList that are
equal to the team in cell A1. If COUNTIF(secondList,A1) = 0, the team in cell A1 is not in the
second list. As a result, Excel fills the cell with a blue background color. Always write the
formula for the upper-left cell in the selected range (A1:A18). Excel automatically copies the
formula to the other cells. Thus, cell A2 contains the formula =COUNTIF(secondList,A2)=0,
cell A3 =COUNTIF(secondList,A3)=0, etc.
8. To highlight the teams in the second list that are not in the first list, select the range B1:B20,
create a new rule using the formula =COUNTIF(firstList,B1)=0, and set the format to orange fill.

Result. Denver Broncos, Arizona Cardinals, Minnesota Vikings and Pittsburgh Steelers are not
in the first list.
EX NO:8 ADVANCED DATA ANALYTICS IN MS EXCEL
DATE:

AIM

To perform advanced data analytics in MS-Excel

PROCEDURE
INTRODUCTION:
In this unit, you will learn how to:
 Define range names and use names in formulas
 Identify and apply Excel’s logical functions, IF, AND, OR
 Create nested functions by combining logical functions in a formula

Working with Names and Ranges

Working with numbers isn’t always easy. A complex formula involving several cell ranges can
be difficult to understand. Individual cells that contain important data can be hard to find on a
large worksheet. Cell references like D5:D22 or A33:C33 are somewhat abstract, and don’t
really communicate anything about the data they contain.

In Excel, you can create meaningful names for cells or ranges that can be used to overcome these
difficulties.

What Are Range Names?

Range names are meaningful character strings that you can assign to individual cells or cell
ranges. You can use a range name practically anywhere you can use a cell or range reference.
The advantage of using names comes from the fact that a name, like Employees, is more
meaningful and less abstract than a reference like C2:C55. Also, named ranges are by default
absolute, so if you copy or AutoFill a formula using named ranges, it will maintain its original
cell references.

Defining and Using Range Names

To define a range name:

 Select either a cell or cell range
 On the Formulas Ribbon, choose the Define Name button from the Defined Names
group
 To name your range, type a name in the top text field and click OK. The Scope refers to
the parts of the workbook where your named range will be valid.
Another way to name a cell or range is to:
 Select the cell or range of cells
 Click in the Name Box to the left of the formula bar and Type the name

 Press Enter.

Note: Excel will not accept spaces between words in the names you choose. For example,
“newrange” or “newRange” or “new_Range”would be acceptable, but “New Range” would not.
Once you have defined your named ranges, you can use them in formulas and functions just as
you would a regular cell or range reference.
Using Logical Functions
Excel 2007’s logical functions are:

 AND  FALSE
 OR  TRUE
 IF  IFERROR
 NO

These logical functions are important when doing advanced work in Excel because they can help
you control the behavior of your worksheets based on specific logical conditions.
This unit will focus on the use of the logical functions IF, AND, OR

Using the Function Library

Excel 2007 contains an extensive library of functions that you can call upon to help you solve
problems. These tools are available in the Function Library button group, on the Formulas
ribbon.

The first and largest button is Insert Function. This button will open a dialog allowing you to
search for and insert hundreds of functions.
You can also click the small fx button next to the formula bar to display the Insert Function box.
Manually entering a function

If you know which function you wish to use, you can enter a function into a worksheet by
inputting it manually (i.e. by typing the function directly into a cell).

When you do this in Excel 2007, a screen tip will appear with the possible functions that
correspond with the letters of the function name you have entered.

For example, if you type =IF into a cell the following appears.

Once you have selected the function you wish to use, continue by typing in a left bracket, which
will cause the function syntax to display in another screen tip.

Continue to enter all the arguments required for the function to give you a result, ensuring you
type a comma between each argument.

Press Enter to display the result.

The IF function

The IF function checks whether a condition is met, and returns one value if TRUE and another
value if FALSE. Excel’s IF function can often prove to be very useful. You can use this function
to branch to different values or actions depending on a specified condition. The structure of an If
function is as follows: IF(logical test, value if true, value if false)
The AND Function

The AND Function returns TRUE if all conditions are true and returns FALSE if any of the
conditions are false. For example, the logical statement 1<10 is true and the statement 2>1 is also
true. As a result, the compound statement 1<10 AND 2>1 is TRUE, because both of the
statements that are being joined by AND are true. The following image demonstrates this in
Excel.

You can have as many as 255 logical arguments to an Excel AND function.
The following table (often referred to as a truth table) may help you understand the AND
function. In the last column of the truth table, you will see the value returned by the function,
according to the corresponding values of the function arguments.

A B AND(a, b)

True False False

Fals True False

e

True True True

Fals False False

e

The OR Function
The OR function returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE and returns FALSE if all
conditions are false. For instance, the logical statement 1<10 OR 2<1 is true, since 1 is less than
10. It does not matter that the statement 2<1 is false, because you have a choice of either 1<10
OR 2<1 to make the compound statement true. If one or both of the arguments is true, the overall
OR statement will also be true.

You can have as many as 255 logical arguments to an Excel OR function.

Here is a truth table for the OR function.

A B OR(A,B)

True False True

False True True

True True True

False False False

Working with Nested Functions

In Excel, you can actually place (or nest) a function within a function. This can be extremely
useful for a wide variety of situations. Excel allows up to 64 nested functions.

Nested IF functions

The IF function is ideal for making choices based on logical tests. Furthermore, you can nest IF
functions one inside another.

Value if TRUE Value if TRUE

 =IF(A1=10,100,IF(A1=5,200,0))

Value if FALSE

In the case of this IF function, if the value in cell A1 is 10 the function will return 100. If the
value in A1 is not 10, the function will test if the value in A1 is 5. If the value in A1 is 5, the
function will return 200. If it is not 5 (and also not 100) the function will return 0.

When you nest logical functions, you must make sure that the number of closing parenthesis
matches the number of opening parenthesis used in the function. If you count the parenthesis in
the function from the image above, you will see two opening, and two closing parenthesis.

Applying Logical Functions

Nested functions can also be created using the IF and OR functions together; or the IF and AND
functions together.

For example:

Function combination Why is this useful?

IF function + AND function Value is returned if BOTH conditions are TRUE

IF function + OR function Value is returned if ONE of the conditions is TRUE

PROCEDURE:
IF FUNCTION

1. Select cell C1 and enter the following function.

The IF function returns Correct because the value in cell A1 is higher than 10.
AND FUNCTION

2. Select cell D1 and enter the following formula.

The AND function returns FALSE because the value in cell B1 is not higher than 5. As a result
the IF function returns Incorrect.

OR FUNCTION

3. Select cell E1 and enter the following formula.

The OR function returns TRUE because the value in cell A1 is higher than 10. As a result the IF
function returns Correct.
General note: the AND and OR function can check up to 255 conditions.
EX NO:9 ADVANCED ANALYSIS IN EXCEL USING ADDINS
DATE:

AIM

To perform advanced data analytics in MS-Excel using Addins

PROCEDURE

Enable the Analysis ToolPak add-in

Analysis ToolPak is available in all versions of Excel 2019 to 2003 but is not enabled by default.
So, you need to turn it on manually. Here's how: In your Excel, click File > Options.In the Excel
Options dialog box, select Add-ins on the left sidebar, make sure Excel Add-ins is selected in
the Manage box, and click Go.
 1. In the Add-ins dialog box, tick off Analysis Toolpak, and click OK:

This will add the Data Analysis tools to the Data tab of your Excel ribbon.

EX NO:10 DATA VISUALIZATION USING EXCEL

DATE:

AIM

To visualize data using MS-Excel

PROCEDURE:

In Microsoft Excel, a chart is often called a graph. It is a visual representation of data from a
worksheet that can bring more understanding to the data than just looking at the numbers.
A chart is a powerful tool that allows you to visually display data in a variety of different chart
formats such as Bar, Column, Pie, Line, Area, Doughnut, Scatter, Surface, or Radar charts. With
Excel, it is easy to create a chart.

Here are some of the types of charts that you can create in Excel.

What is a Bar Chart?

A bar chart is a graph that shows horizontal bars with the axis values for the bars displayed on
the bottom of the graph.

It is a graphical object used to represent the data in your Excel spreadsheet.

You can use a bar chart when:

 You want to compare values across categories.

 The category text is long and difficult to display in a column chart.
 You want to show duration in a graph.
Steps to Create a Bar Chart

To create a bar chart in Excel 2007, you will need to do the following steps:

1. Highlight the data that you would like to use for the bar chart. In this example, we have
selected the range A1:C5.
2. Select the Insert tab in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Click on the Bar button in the
Charts group and then select a chart from the drop down menu. In this example, we have
selected the first bar chart (called Clustered Bar) in the 2-D Column section.

3. Now you will see the bar chart appear in your spreadsheet with horizontal bars to
represent both the shelf life and restock time for each product. The shelf life (in days) is
displayed as red horizontal bars and the restock time (in days) is displayed as blue
horizontal bars. You can see the axis values on the bottom of the graph for these
horizontal bars.
4. Finally, let's add a title for the bar chart. By default, your chart will be created without a
title in Excel 2007.
To add a title, select the Layout tab under Chart Tools in the toolbar at the top of the
screen (Chart Tools will only appear when you have the chart selected). Click on the
Chart Title button in the Labels group and then select "Above Chart" from the drop
down menu.
 5. Now you should see a title appear at the top of the chart area. Click on the title and it will
become editable. Enter the text that you would like to see as the title. In this tutorial, we
have entered "Product Life (in Days)" as the title for the bar chart.

What is a Column Chart?

A column chart is a graph that shows vertical bars with the axis values for the bars displayed on
the left side of the graph.

It is a graphical object used to represent the data in your Excel spreadsheet.

You can use a column chart when:

 You want to compare values across categories.

Steps to Create a Column Chart

To create a column chart in Excel 2007, you will need to do the following steps:
1. Highlight the data that you would like to use for the column chart. In this example, we
have selected the range A1:C7.
2. Select the Insert tab in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Click on the Column button in
the Charts group and then select a chart from the drop down menu. In this example, we
have selected the first column chart (called Clustered Column) in the 2-D Column
section.
3. Now you will see the column chart appear in your spreadsheet with rectangular bars to
represent both the sales and the expense numbers. The sales values are displayed as blue
vertical bars and the expenses are displayed as red vertical bars. You can see the axis
values on the left side of the graph for these vertical bars.

4. Finally, let's add a title for the column chart. By default, your chart will be created
without a title in Excel 2007.
To add a title, select the Layout tab under Chart Tools in the toolbar at the top of the
screen (Chart Tools will only appear when you have the chart selected). Click on the
Chart Title button in the Labels group and then select "Above Chart" from the drop
down menu.
 Now you should see a title appear at the top of the chart area. Click on the title and it will
become editable. Enter the text that you would like to see as the title. In this tutorial, we
have entered "Sales and Expenses" as the title for the column chart.

What is a Pie Chart?

A pie chart is a circle that is divided into slices and each slice represents a proportion of the
whole.

It is a graphical object used to represent the data in your Excel spreadsheet that uses 1 series of
data to create the graph.

You can use a pie chart when:

 You want to show numbers as a proportion of the whole (ie: the numbers equal 100%).
 There are a limited number of pie slices. If there are too many pie slices, then a pie chart
is not a recommended graph to use.

Steps to Create a Pie Chart

To create a pie chart in Excel 2007, you will need to do the following steps:
1. Highlight the data that you would like to use for the pie chart. In this example, we have
selected the range A1:B5.
2. Select the Insert tab in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Click on the Pie button in
the Charts group and then select a chart from the drop down menu. In this example, we
have selected the first pie chart (called Pie) in the 2-D Pie section.

3. Now you will see the completed pie chart. In this tutorial, the pie chart has 4 slices (one
for each division). Each slice represents the sales as a percentage of the total sales.
What is a Line Chart?

A line chart is a graph that shows a series of data points connected by straight lines.

It is a graphical object used to represent the data in your Excel spreadsheet.

You can use a line chart when:

 You want to show a trend over time (such as days, months or years). In this case, the time
values would be your categories.
 The order of your categories (ie: time values) is important.
Steps to Create a Line Chart
To create a line chart in Excel 2007, you will need to do the following steps:
1. Highlight the data that you would like to use for the line chart. In this example, we have
selected the range A1:D7.
2. Select the Insert tab in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Click on the Line button in
the Charts group and then select a chart from the drop down menu. In this example, we
have selected the fourth line chart (called Line with Markers) in the 2-D Line section.

3. Now you will see the line chart appear in your spreadsheet showing the trend for 3
products (ie: Desktops, Laptops and Tablets). The blue series of data points represents the
trend for Desktops, the red series of data points represents Laptops and the green series of
data points represents Tablets.
The axis values for each product are displayed on the left side of the graph.
4. Finally, let's add a title for the line chart. By default, your chart will be created without a
title in Excel 2007.
To add a title, select the Layout tab under Chart Tools in the toolbar at the top of the
screen (Chart Tools will only appear when you have the chart selected). Click on the
Chart Title button in the Labels group and then select "Above Chart" from the drop
down menu.
Now you should see a title appear at the top of the chart area. Click on the title and it will
become editable. Enter the text that you would like to see as the title. In this tutorial, we
have entered "Product Trends by Month" as the title for the line chart.
What is a Scatter Plot?

 A scatter plot is a type of graph commonly used to represent the correlation between two
different variables. For instance, it’s generally believed that the amount of time spent
studying for an exam has a direct influence on how well a student will perform on that
exam. To support this theory, you may gather information from several students
consisting of the number of hours they spent studying and their final test scores. This
information could then be transformed into a scatter plot.
  There are several different types of scatter plots that can be created in Microsoft Excel
2007, but we’ll focus on the most common variety – a scatter plot with only markers – in
these instructions. However, these steps can easily be adapted and used to create any of
the other varieties of scatter plots in Excel.

How to Make a Scatter Plot

Step 1: Enter or copy/paste your data into an Excel worksheet. As an example in this tutorial,
we’ll be using data consisting of hours spent studying and final exam scores for a select
group of students.

 
Step 2: Highlight the columns that contain the data you want to represent in the scatter plot.
In this example, those columns are Hours Spent Studying and Exam Score.

Step 3: Open the Insert tab on the Excel ribbon. Click on Scatter in the Charts section to

expand the chart options box. Select the first item, Scatter with only Markers, from this
box.
 

After making this selection, the initial scatter plot will be created in the same worksheet. You can
resize this chart window and drag it to any other part of the worksheet.

Change Chart Title

Another thing that most everyone will want to change is the chart title for the scatter plot. To do
this, just click on the title to open the text box that contains it and edit it with your new
description.
 OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)

OLAP (online analytical processing) is computer processing that enables a user to easily and
selectively extract and view data from different points of view. For example, a user can request
that data be analyzed to display a spreadsheet showing all of a company's beach ball products
sold in Florida in the month of July, compare revenue figures with those for the same products in
September, and then see a comparison of other product sales in Florida in the same time period.
To facilitate this kind of analysis, OLAP data is stored in a multidimensional database. Whereas
a relational database can be thought of as two-dimensional, a multidimensional database
considers each data attribute (such as product, geographic sales region, and time period) as a
separate "dimension." OLAP software can locate the intersection of dimensions (all products
sold in the Eastern region above a certain price during a certain time period) and display
them. Attributes such as time periods can be broken down into sub attributes.
OLAP can be used for data mining or the discovery of previously undiscerned relationships
between data items. An OLAP database does not need to be as large as a data warehouse, since
not all transactional data is needed for trend analysis. Using Open Database Connectivity
(ODBC), data can be imported from existing relational databases to create a multidimensional
database for OLAP.

2.1. OLAP overview

OLAP is an approach for analysing multi-dimensional data. OLAP stands for “online analytics
processing”, but it in fact relates to something much more tightly defined in data analytics: the
treating of multidimensional data as a cube.
An OLAP cube is a multi-dimensional array of data. Data points are made up of one or more
metrics. (In our cases, unique, visits, page views, transactions, revenue, number of content items
consumed etc.) Data can be viewed by a range of different dimensions. (In our case, examples
include time of day, day in the week, time of the year, year, customer cohort, type of device, type
of browser etc.) An OLAP reporting tool makes it easy for analysts to view the metrics they
want, sliced by the particular dimensions they’re interested in. So, for example, if an analyst
wanted to see if conversion rates had been improving over time, they might slice the conversion
rates metric by the time dimension (e.g. by month), to view if there had been an improvement. If
there had been an improvement, they might then drill down to see if that improvement had been
across the board: was it true of all customer segments, across all device types etc.?
When we say OLAP cube, then, we visualise a “cube” of data points (i.e. metrics) at the
intersection of multiple dimensions. (Three in the case of a cube, but more often there are more
dimensions. Technically we should talk in terms of a “hyper-cube”, but it doesn’t really matter.)
.
2.2 OLAP operations
2.2.1 Slicing data
We “slice” data when we pick two dimensions to view a particular metric by. The analogy is to
take a “slice” through an OLAP cube to produce a 2D data set.

2.2.2. Dice data

Rather than slice data into two dimensions, we might want to create a sub cube with more than 2
dimensions. This operation is called “dice”.
 2.2.3. Drill up and drill down
OLAP dimensions are often organised in a hierarchy. To gives some examples:
Year -> Quarter -> Month -> Day -> Hour -> Minute -> Second

Organic referrers -> Google -> specific keywords

Browser -> browser version

Category -> Subcategory -> Product

Drilling down refers to moving down the dimension hierarchy - e.g. from viewing sales by
month to by week, and then by day. In each case, the level the metrics are being aggregated
drops, so the actual numbers reported fall.
In contrast, drilling up means moving up the dimension hierarchy - e.g. form viewing sales by
month to by year. In this case, you’re aggregating bigger data sets (a whole year’s worth of data),
so the actual numbers get larger.
2.2.4 Pivot
Pivoting means swapping one dimension for another. Typically this is used in two situations:
1. With an initial data set, to spot if there are interesting relationships between particular
dimensions (e.g. product mix by city or conversion rate by time of day).
2. To better understand a relationship once one has been spotted. (Does product mix only vary by
city? Or is it actually that user segments vary by city, and it is user segment that is predictive of

product mix?)

The flexibility of OLAP reporting assists end users in understanding why particular business
events have occurred and or forecast what may occur in the future. The types of questions an
OLAP system can assist with could include:

 What are the total sales for each product?

 What are the total sales for each department?
 Which salesperson has sold the most?
 Which products does each salesperson sell the most of?
 In which month did most of the sales occur?

OLAP systems and their ability for multidimensional reporting are considered important
component of Business Intelligence. OLTP systems often provide the transactional data which is
used as an input for OLAP system’s multidimensional reports.
To gain a better understanding of multidimensional reporting and related concepts we have
created an exercise using Microsoft Excel’s PivotTable. The purpose of this exercise is to create
a PivotTable in Microsoft Excel to analyse the data using multi-dimensional reporting.
Scenario
You are a manger of a department store and one of your responsibilities is to make decisions
related to product ordering, promotions, countrywide discounts as well as monitoring and
managing the daily operations of the store. You have a number of OLTP systems to assist with
the recording of day to day transactions. Although this report provides a lot of information, the
information is not in a format which can easily assist in the type of decisions you are required to
make.

PivotTables

An example of a multidimensional reporting tool is Microsoft Excel’s PivotTable function. A

PivotTable is a tool which assists users with summarising large amounts of data into useful
reports. The PivotTable’s flexibility enables you to re-arrange the table’s structure (columns
and rows) until you get the required information.

Here are the instructions to create pivot tables. Follow these steps (1- 7) to create a pivot table to
find out which product provided the most revenue
 EX NO:9 DATA ANALYTICAL PROCESSING USING MS-EXCEL PIVOT TABLE

DATE:

AIM:
To analyse the given data using MS-Excel pivot table.

PROCEDURE:

1. Open the file Pivot table.xls

2. Click Insert -> Pivot Table at the top left of the screen

3. Select Pivot Table from the drop down menu

4. The next screen requires you to identify the data range to be analysed by the PivotTable. You
will notice that Excel has automatically detected the data range. Also indicate where the
PivotTable will be created.
 Click OK to continue

5. A new worksheet appears similar to below. The screen is divided into two sections. On the left
is the Design Area where you define the structure of your PivotTable. On the right, is the Field
List which corresponds with the column headings of your data.

6. Drag &drop the Country field from the list on the right to the Drop Row Fields Here design
area on the left. This is the same as dropping the Country field in the Row Labels box on the
lower right side of the screen. Your screen will look like this
7. Drag&drop the Total field to the Drop Data Items Here design area. Notice that the order total

8. The following output will appear.

EX NO: 10 ONLINE DATA ANALYTICAL PROCESSING USING MS-EXCEL - SLICER

DATE:

AIM:
To analyse the given data using slicer option from MS-Excel

PROCEDURE:

Step1: Click the pivot table sheet from the excel workbook (Pivot table.xls)

Step2: Go to Insert menu and click Slicer

Step 3: From the dialogue box select Product, Category, Amount and Country. Click Ok.
Step4: The following screen will appear.
Step 5: To answer the first question (Find out the maximum amount spent by Australia in Fruits
category?) select Fruits from category dialogue box, Australia from Country dialogue box and all
fruits from Product dialogue box. The following screen willapper.

Step6: Place the cursor on Grand total row and select sort largest to smallest option from Sort &
Filter menu.

Step 7: you will get the answer for the question. The maximum amount spent by Australia in
Fruits category is $52721 for Banana.
 Answer
Q_a) Find out the maximum amount spent by Australia in $20634, Apple
Fruits category?
Q_b) Which product provided the most revenue in New Banana,
Zealand?
Q c) Which country spent the highest amount of Money for United States
Vegetables?
Q.d) What was the total sales of vegetables in Germany? $ 88738

Q.e) Which country spent the least amount for fruits? New Zealand
EX NO: 11 ADVANCED DATA VISUALIZATION USING EXCEL

DATE:

AIM

To perform advanced data visualization using excel

PROCEDURE:

Heat Map
 To create a heat map in Excel, simply use conditional formatting. A heat map is a graphical
representation of data where individual values are represented as colors.

To create a heat map, execute the following steps.

1. Select the range B3:M11.

2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting.

3. Click Color Scales and click a subtype.

Result. A heat map with numbers.

4. Select the range B3:M11.

5. Right click, and then click Format Cells (or press CTRL + 1).

6. Select the Custom category.

7. Type the following number format code: ;;;

8. Click OK.

Result. A heat map in Excel.

Note: you can clearly see that the summer of 2014 in New York was cool and that Christmas
2015 in New York was warm.
EX.NO: 12 DATA DASHBOARD
DATE:

AIM

To create interactive data dashboard using MS-Excel

PROCEDURE

1. Open datadashboard.xls
2. Click Insert -> Pivot chart

3. Select Product and drag it to Rows field and Amount in Values field
4. Open a new worksheet and rename it as Dashboard. Copy and paste the chart created in step 3.

5. Go to data sheet and insert pivot chart and select Country in Axis field and Amount in values
field. Copy the chart and paste it in Dashboard worksheet

6. Go to data sheet and insert pivot chart and select Date in Rows field and Amount in Values
filed. Then select the pivot table of Date as mentioned in the left side of the picture, right click
the table and select Grouping. Select Grouping by months, click Ok. Copy the chart and paste it
in dashboard worksheet.

7. Goto Dashboard worksheet. Adjust the charts according to the screen size for better
visualization.Keep the cursor in any one of the chart and Click Analyze menu then select Insert
Slicer and select Date and Country.Now the interactive dashboard is ready for analysis.
8. Select any one Month from Date and any one country in Country field from the slicer. Now
the pivot charts are also changes accordingly.