DRRR Reviewer

Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction

氷Wotor | 11-St. Paul

Basic Concept of a Disaster PHILIPPINES

A country Prone to Natural Disasters
• Hazard • The Philippines has been experiencing multiple
-is a source or condition that has the potential deadly earthquakes and volcano eruptions due
to cause harm to humans to its location along the Ring of Fire, a large
-a threat itself Pacific Ocean region where many volcanic
eruptions and earthquakes occur
• Disaster
-is a sudden calamitous occurrence that causes
great harm to life and property
-a serious disruption of a community
• Risk
-the combination of the probability of an event
and its negative consequences (UNISDR,
2009)
-disrupts the usual course of life
-causes physical and emotional distress
Disaster according to
(Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ADPC, 2012)
It disrupts the usual course of life, causing both
physical and emotional distress such as an intense
feeling of helplessness and hopelessness. A
preceding definition of disaster stresses that two
elements are affected-life (whether human or
animal) and property. The effects vary – it may be
a minor damage (like broken windows and doors),
major damage (like torn rooftops, collapsed walls),
total destruction (like completely destroyed houses
and structures rendering them useless and Disaster Risk Reduction
inhabitable) and the worst scenario, it can lead to
death. • the concept and practice of reducing disaster
risks through systematic efforts to analyze and
reduce the causal factors of disasters
Classification of Hazard/Disaster • To minimize the possibilities of hazards and
• Natural Hazard/Disaster vulnerabilities
-occurs when an extreme natural event is
destructive to human life and property Disaster Preparedness
• Human-Made Induced Hazard/Disasters
• consists of a set of measures undertaken in
-caused by human activities
advance by governments, organizations,
-can often be prevented
communities, or individuals to better respond
and cope with the immediate aftermath of a
Risk and Disaster Risk
disaster
• Risk
• to reduce the loss of life and livelihoods
-an action that holds a chance of danger or
failure • pre-disaster actions that result in persons
knowing what to do and how to respond when
• Vulnerability
disaster has occurred
-the state of being exposed to a risk
• Disaster Risk
-refers to the potential disaster losses

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DRRR Reviewer
Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction
氷Wotor | 11-St. Paul

Disaster Risk Management Risk Factors

• the processes or conditions, often
• the process of identifying, analyzing, and development-related, that influence the level of
quantifying the probability of losses in order to disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure
undertake preventive or corrective actions and vulnerability or reducing capacity
• Involves two types of activities:
o Planning actions to reduce vulnerability The following are also taken into consideration
in areas where risk can be controlled when risk factors underlying disaster are involved:
o Establishing protective mechanisms
against the potential economic losses Severity of Exposure
from uncontrollable factors of natural
hazards • Which measures those who experience
• about commitments related to disaster and disaster first-hand which has the highest risk of
vulnerability reduction and improved early developing future mental problems, followed by
warning those in contact with the victims such as rescue
• Three Primary and Interrelated Categories: workers and health care practitioners and the
o Risk Identification lowest risk are those most distant like those
o Risk Rection who have awareness of the disaster only
o Risk Transfer through news.
• Pre-Disaster phase: Gender Family
o Risk Identification
o Risk Transfer • The female gender suffers more adverse
o Risk Reduction/Mitigation effects. This worsens when children are present
o Preparedness at home. Marital relationships are placed under
strain.

Age Adults

• in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed

after disasters but in general, children exhibit
more stress after disasters than adults do.

Economic status of Country

• Evidence indicates that severe mental

problems resulting from disasters are more
prevalent in developing countries like the
Philippines. Furthermore, it has been observed
that natural disasters tend to have more
adverse effects in developing countries than do
man-caused disasters in developed countries.
Disaster Risk
Types of Hazards
• product of possible damage caused by a
hazard due to the vulnerability (Hewitt and Burton, 1971)

Geologic

Hydrologic

Atmospheric

Biologic

Man-Made

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DRRR Reviewer
Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction
氷Wotor | 11-St. Paul

Factors Which Underlie Disasters The Disaster Preparedness Cycle

Climate Change
• an increase disaster risk in a variety of ways
Environmental Degradation Plan
• - Changes to the environment can influence the
frequency and intensity of hazards
Globalized Economic Development Organize
Evaluate
• It results in an increased polarization between & Equip
the rich and poor
Poverty and Inequality
• - Impoverished people are more likely to live in
hazard-exposed areas
Weak Governance
• Weak governance zones are investments Exercise Train
environments in which public sector actors are
unable or unwilling to assume their roles and
responsibilities Different Perspectives of Disaster
Geographical Location
• The country’s location makes it vulnerable to • Physical Perspective
storms that cause flooding, mudslides, and ➢ Causes great physical damage to a
typhoons community infrastructure
• Psychological Perspective
Disasters and their Effects
“People living in hazardous areas or who are
Types of Disasters
frequently exposed to hazards are observed to have
• Natural Disasters
attitudes of marked indifference. They tend not to
-can destroy a community in an instant
worry about the coming earthquake, flood,
-examples:
hurricane, or disease epidemic until it happens,
➢ Volcanic eruptions
believing they have little control over such events,
➢ Earthquakes
➢ Tsunamis they tend to be fatalistic about the impact of any
• Man-made Disasters catastrophe”
-caused by human-beings
-example: -The Johns Hopkins and the International
➢ Wars Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
➢ Pollutions Societies
➢ Epidemics
• Socio-Cultural Perspective
The Human Effect of Natural Disaster ➢ Socio-cultural factors may influence the
access, understanding, and reaction to
• Displaced Populations early warnings
• Health Risks • Economic Perspective
• Food Scarcity -Classification of Economic Cost of a Disaster
• Emotional Aftershocks ➢ Direct Cost
-capital costs of assets destroyed
Ways to Plan Ahead of a Disaster ➢ Indirect cost
-damage to the flow of goods and
• Check for hazards at home services
• Identify safe places indoors and outdoors ➢ Secondary cost
• Educate yourself and your family members -short and long-term impacts of a
• Have disaster kits/supplies on hand disaster on the overall economic
• Develop an emergency communication plan performance of a country
• Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle

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DRRR Reviewer
Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction
氷Wotor | 11-St. Paul

• Political Perspective Biological Impact

➢ Significantly affects the lives and
property of people • Epidemic to people, flora, and fauna
• Biological Perspective • Chronic and permanent illness caused by
➢ Human activities have an impact on the biological agents
timing intensity, and the frequency of • Proliferation of different viral diseases
hazards such as floods, landslides,
droughts, and earthquakes. Hazard Identification

Hazard part of the process used to evaluate if any particular

situation, item, thing, etc. may have the potential to
• Hazard-condition or a set of circumstances that cause harm
present a potential harm
• Risk-refers to the potential for loss, damage, or Risk Assessment
destruction of a hazard that can cause
The term often used to describe the full process of
• Vulnerability-characteristics that make it
hazard identification
susceptible to damaging effects
Identify the Hazards
Different Impacts of hazard
• Observation-use your senses
Physical Impact
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)-give
• Physical injuries information on possible harm from hazards
• Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure • Hazard and Risk Surveys-interview other
• Widespread destruction of housing people about their safety concerns
• Discussion Groups-are useful for identifying
Psychological Impact hazards and recommending solutions
• Safety Audits-a committee must be assigned
• Grief and psychological illness to periodically check safety in the area
• Marital conflict
• Depression Dimensions Of Exposure And Vulnerability
• Chronic anxiety
Social
Socio-Cultural Impact
• concerns including migration, social groups,
• Displacement of population health and well-being, education, culture,
• Loss of cultural identity institutions
• Forced to adopting of new sets of culture • Demography-most important aspect
• Ethnic conflict Environmental
Economic Impact
• refer to location and built structures
• Loss of job due to displacement Economic
• Loss of harvest and livestock
• Loss of farms, fish ages, and other sources of • concerns including loss of jobs, work, and loss
food of government income, taxes
• Loss of money and other valuables
Factors of Vulnerability
Environmental Impact
Social-certain population groups
• Loss of forest due to fires
• Loss of freshwater due to salination Environmental- urban or city
• Disturbance of biodiversity
• Loss of natural rivers Economic-rural/business and government

Vulnerability

Quantifying Vulnerability-0(lowest) & 1(highest)

Quasi-Natural Hazard-contributed by natural and man

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