ADAPTIVE TEACHING GUIDE

Most Essential Topic # 3: MODELING APPROACHES TO COMMON FUNCTIONS

Lesson # 3: RATIONAL FUNCTION
Prerequisite Content-knowledge:

●Distinguish rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality.

Prerequisite Skill:

 Solve problems involving rational functions, rational equations, and rational inequalities: and

 Solve problems involving direct and inverse variations (enrichment).

Prerequisites Assessment:
A. Identification : Tell whether each of the following functions is or is equivalent to rational function.

A. F (x) = __3__ B. f(x) = x – 2 + 2x C. f (x) = 3x D. f(x) = 4x 1/2 E. 3x -4 + 5x2 + x - 1

X+2 x+2 x–2
Answer: The function defined in (a), (b), and (e) are rational functions. The function in (b) can be expressed as a single term by determining
the least common denominator (LCD) of the two terms.

The LCD is equal to ( x + 2) (x – 2), or equivalently, x2 – 4. Therefore, f(x) = x – 2 + 2x is the same as f (x) = 3x2 + 4.
x+2 x–2 x2 – 4
Moreover, the function in (e) can be written as f(x) = 3 + 5x + x – 1, which is a rational function.
2

x2

½
On the other hand, the functions defined in © and (d) are not rational functions. Since f (x) = 3x can be written as f (x) = (3x) and ½ is not
integer, f(x) = 3x is not a polynomial function. Consequently, it is not a rational function. Similarly, the function given in (d) is not rational.

Generally, functions which permit addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and which allow negative and rational exponents, are
called ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION.

B. Problem Solving:

 Solving rational equations and inequalities

 Solving problems involving rational functions
  Work problems.

Pre-lesson Remediation Activity:

1. For Students with Insufficient Level on Prerequisite Content-knowledge and/or Skill(s):

 Students will listen or read learning materials discussing by the teachers.
 Solving rational equations and inequalities
 Solving problems involving rational functions
 Work problems.

2. For Students with Fairly Sufficient Level on Prerequisite Content-knowledge and/or Skill(s):
 Students will listen or read learning materials discussing by the teachers.
 Solving rational equations and inequalities
 Solving problems involving rational functions
 Work problems.
 Ask to give another example of the problem to check understanding.

Introduction:

In this lesson, the students will learn how to solve rational equations and inequalities, solving problems involving rational functions and work problem.
Inform the students about the expected time to learn the lesson. The lesson will run for 45 minutes / day.

Student’s Experiential Learning:

Chunk 1: Solving rational equations and inequalities

A. Formative Question:

How to solve rational equations and inequalities?

B. Enabling Formative Questions:

What is rational equation and rational inequality?

 The lesson presentation (writing on the board) on how to solve rational funtions.
 Given the other examples, the students will be tasked to solve and define rational function.
  The students will be the one to solve and discuss on the board/ front of the class.

C. Discussion

Solving rational equations and inequalities

A rational equation is an equation with at least a fraction on one side whose numerator and denominator are polynomials, P(x).
Q(x)
Here are the steps in solving rational functions.
 Eliminate fractions. There are two ways to do this: (a) multiply the equation by the LCD or (b) use the means – extremes product theorem.
 Simplify and solve the resulting equation. Distribute and combine like terms.
 Check the solution. Substitute the solution(s) into the denominator of the original equation and reject any solution that will cause the denominator
to be equal 0.

EXAMPLES:

1. Solve for x in the equation x + 5 = 3.

2x 4
Solution:
Clear all fractions by multiplying both sides of the equation by the LCD of the terms, 4x.

4x x + 5 = 3. 4x
2x 4
2(x + 5) = 3x
2x + 10 = 3x Removing the grouping symbols
2x – 3x = - 10 Combining similar terms
-x = -10 Adding similar terms
x = 10 Dividing both sides by – 1

You can also apply the means-extreme product theorem to obtain the same result for x.

x + 5 = 3.
2x 4
4x + 20 + 6x By the means-extreme product theorem
4x – 6x = - 20 Combining similar terms by addition property of equality
-2x + -20 Adding similar terms
x = 10 Dividing both sides by -2
 2. Solve for x in the equation x + 2 = x – 2 . Then check your answer.
x+4 x+2
Solution:

Multiply both side of the equation by the LCD which is (x + 4) ( x + 2).

(x + 4) ( x + 2) x + 2 = x – 2 (x + 4) ( x + 2)
x+4 x+2
(x + 2) (x+2) = (x-2) (x+4)
x2 + 4x + 4 = x2 + 2x – 8 Applying the FOIL method
2x = -12 Addition property of inequality
x = -6 Dividing both sides by 2
To check your answer, simply replace x with -6 in the given equation, and then simplify. Note that sides of the equation shoul be equal. Threfore,

-6 + 2 = -6 – 2
-6 + 4 -6 + 2
-4 = -8
-2 -4
2=2
Since 2 = 2 is a true statement, then -6 is solution of the given equation.
When solving rational equations, it is very helpful that you have a wide knowledge of algebraic processes and skills.

Chunk 2: Solving problems involving rational functions

A. Formative Question:

How to solve problems involving rational functions?

B. Enabling Formative Questions:

What is Solving problems involving rational functions?

 The lesson presentation (writing on the board) on how to solve rational functions.
 Given the other examples, the students will be tasked to solve rational function.
 The students will be the one to solve and discuss on the board/ front of the class.
C. Discussion

There are many applications of rational functions in the real world. Some of which are evident in word problems involving variation and work.

1. Direct Variation
 Y varies directly as x if y = kx for some constant of variation k.

Examples:
Express y as a function of x if y varies directly as x, and y is 24 when x is 3. Find the value of y if x is 12.

Solution:
Given that y varies directly as x, then y = kx for some constant k. Thus, to solve for k, substitute the given values for the variables
and then simplify.

y = kx Given this equation, you can now solve for y if x is 12.

24 = k (3) y = 8(12)
k=8 y = 96
Therefore, y = 8x

2. Inverse Variation

 Y varies inversely as x if y = k for some constant of variation k.

x
Examples:
When y varies inversely as x, and y = 7 when x = 5, what is x if y = 27?
Solutions:

Since y varies inversely as x, y = k. Solving for x when y = 21,

x

Solve for the value of k by substituting 21 = 35

x = 5 and y = 7 x
7=k 21x = 35
5
K = 35 x=5
X
Thus, the variation becomes y = 35 .
x
 3. Work Problems

Work problems in mathematics usually involve determining how long a person can finish a similar job, or how long a job can be finished if two or more
persons work together.

Examples:
Pipes A and B can fill a tank in 10 hours. Pipe A can fill the tank in 3x hours while pipe B can fill it in x hours. How long can pipe B
fill the tank alone?

Pipe Rate of work per Hour Number of Hours Working Work Done
Solution: Together
A _1_ 10 10
10 + 10 = 1 3x 3x
3x x
B _1_ 10 10
10 + 30 = 3x
x x
3x = 40
x = 40 or 13 1 hours
3 3

SYNTHESIS

In this lesson, the students learned on how to solve rational functions, solving rational equations and inequalities, and solving problems
involving rational functions.

RUA of a Student’s Learning:

The students will be able to solve on their own understanding of the given problem.
Instructions:
Answer the given problem.
Topics:
Rational functions
Materials:
Ball pen and Paper
 POST-LESSON REMEDIATION ACTIVITY:

The teacher will provide feedback on the outputs submitted by the students and conduct a tutorial session as the need arises. Discuss the particular parts of
the process that were least understood according to the students. The, give another similar activity to capture or achieve the target competencies and skills of the
lesson.

Prepared by: Checked and Verified:

SHANNEN VERGET M. LOPEZ HASSEL A. ABADILLA
Subject Teacher SHS Subject Coordinator

MARYJANE S. CABATINGAN
Subject Teacher

Noted by: Approved by:

MARY ANN L. LONGAKIT LILYBETH A. VILLEGAS
SHS Principal School Director