Test questions on the discipline "Scientific management with evidence-based medicine"

for Midterm Nel for 3rd year students of the Faculty of General Medicine

Variant I

1. Bioethics is:
A. Interdisciplinary field of research created by new advances in the field of biomedical science
and practical healthcare, intended for reflection, discussion and solution of moral problems
B. The totality of moral norms of professional behavior of medical workers
C. Adverse effects of medical workers on the patient during the study and treatment
D. A set of ethical norms and principles
E. Science that studies psychogenic disorders arising as a consequence of deontological
mistakes of medical workers

2. The basic ethical principles of the use of animals in experiments:

A. To reduce the number of animals involved in experiments as much as possible, to regulate
and supervise experiments conducted on animals by authorized bodies, to maintain humane
treatment of animals
B. To carry out mandatory killing of the animal at the end of the experiment in the fastest and
most painless way
C. If possible, replace and carry out research with human participation, subject to compliance
with the informed consent policy
D. In order to achieve a more accurate result and guaranteed safety for humans, to increase the
number of animals involved in experiments, regulation and supervision of experiments
conducted on animals by authorized bodies, to carry out mandatory killing of the animal at the
end of the experiment in the fastest and most painless way.
E. There are no ethical principles regarding animals

3. Informed consent of the patient includes voluntary confirmation by the patient of consent to
participate in the study after:
A. he was acquainted with the positive aspects of the study
B. he was acquainted with the negative aspects of the study
C. he was not acquainted with all aspects of the study
D. he was acquainted with all aspects of the study
E. receiving material remuneration

4. The year of signing of the Helsinki Declaration:

A. 1990
B. 1964
C. 1945
D. 1965
E. 1920

5. The basic ethical principle of conducting clinical trials is:

A. A research plan and design should be developed that meets the goals and objectives of the
study
B. Clinical bases should be selected that meet the methodology of the clinical trial
C. Inclusion in the clinical trial can only be carried out with the written informed consent of a
potential study participant
D. Participants in the clinical trial should be randomly assigned to experimental and control
groups (randomization)
E. The number of participants in the clinical trial should be sufficient to obtain statistically
reliable results

6. The principle of informed consent is an integral part of the following concept:

A. Protection of the rights of the patient
B. Protection of the rights of the doctor
C. Protection of the rights of relatives of the doctor
D. Protection of consumer rights
E. Protection of the rights of a nurse

7. The voluntary nature of informed consent implies:

A. Non-use by doctors of coercion, deception, threats when making decisions by the patient
B. Reaching an understanding about treatment
C. Eliminating problems with the patient's understanding of the information received
D. Expanding the scope of morality and requirements in relation to medical practice
E. Rejection of paternalistic ethics

8. The case when a human study can be considered justified:

A. When the planned scientific result is reliably justified as impossible from the point of view of
the achieved level of development of medical science
B. If the planned significant increment of knowledge cannot be obtained in other ways: due to a
thorough and sufficient study of scientific medical literature, conducting experiments on animals
or artificial model systems, modeling using computers
C. Human research, which in its ideology, methodology and methodology corresponds to the
principles of Eugenics
D. If the interests of humanity are placed above the interests of a person acting as an "object" of
research
E. If this study was approved by the ethics commission and conducted without signing an
informed consent

9. The protocol of scientific research is:

A. a scientific assumption put forward to explain a phenomenon and requiring verification by
experience and confirmation by facts.
B. a document regulating the test, including justification, objectives, statistical analysis,
methodology. conditions, etc.
C. a characteristic showing to what extent the measurement result corresponds to the true value
D. comparison of those receiving the studied therapy with those who had previously received
other therapy
E. this is a form of probabilistic scientific knowledge in the form of assumptions, guesses or
predictions about the existence of previously unknown phenomena

10. Exclusion criteria from scientific research:

A. exclusion of all characteristics and factors that may affect the cost of the study
B. exclusion of all characteristics and factors that may affect the results of the study
C. exclusion of all characteristics and factors that may not affect the results of the study
D. exclusion of all characteristics and factors that may influence the duration of the study
E. exclusion of all characteristics and factors that may affect the rapid completion of the study

11.The purpose of scientific research is:

A. major scientific tasks related to a specific field of scientific research
B. the general formulation of the final result that is expected to be obtained when performing
research
C. the scope of research of the research team dedicated to solving any major, fundamental
problems in the theoretical branch of science
D. the scope of research of the research team dedicated to solving anyor large, fundamental
tasks in the practical branch of science.
E. a complex task covering a problem in a particular field of scientific research

12. Research design is:

A. method of conducting research
B. description of the results of the study
C. analysis of the study by independent experts
D. publication of the results of the study
E. determination of the time of the study

13. Descriptive clinical studies include the following study:

A. cross-sectional
B. cohort
C. randomized
D. case-control
E. non-randomized

14. The purpose of a one-stage study:

A. to determine the cause of rare diseases
B. to identify differences in the frequency of occurrence in cohorts of clinical outcomes
C. to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the interventions used
D. to assess the prevalence of certain diseases in the population
E. to describe the side effects of drugs in the study.
15. The design of the study in this situation: five and a half thousand residents of Framingham
(USA) were observed for 30 years on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. We studied
groups of smokers and non-smokers
A. study of the prevalence
B. case series
C. cohort study
D. case-control study
E. randomized controlled trial

16. Descriptive research is:

A. cohort study
B. case-control studies
C. randomized controlled studies
D. single-stage cross-sectional studies
E non-randomized controlled trial

17. Analytical observational studies include:

A. case-control studies
B. randomized controlled studies
C. cross-sectional study
D. description of the series of case series
E. description of one case report

18. In this clinical situation, the study is adequate: two babies were born without limbs
(phocomelia). Both mothers took a new drug (thalidomide) in the early stages of pregnancy. The
doctor wishes to warn his colleagues as soon as possible.
A. Non-randomized controlled trial
B. randomized controlled trial
C. case series
D. cohort study
E. case-control studies

19. Study design: 2 groups were formed as part of the study: patients with adenocarcinoma and
young women without adenocarcinoma. After that, in both groups, the frequency of exposure to
an adverse factor- the intake of synthetic estrogen by the participant's mother during pregnancy
was retrospectively evaluated:
A. case-control study
B. case series
C. non-randomized controlled study
D. cohort study
E. meta-analysis

20. Risk factors for the development of the disease can be identified in study:
A. randomized controlled study
B. cross-sectional study
C. case control study
D. case series
E. case report

21. A study answering the question "How much?"

A. cross-sectional study
B. cohort study
C. randomized controlled trials
D. case-controi study
E. meta-analysis

22. In addition to cohort studies:

A. RCTs
B. longitudinal studies
C. case-control studies are used to establish a cause-effect relationship
D. case report
E. poprechnye research

23. Blinding is used in the study:

A. case-control
B. case series
C. cross-sectional
D. cohort
E. randomized controlled

24. Type of study in which participants are randomly divided into 2 groups- intervention and
control:
A. cohort study
B. case-control
C. case series
D. retrospective study
E. randomized controlled trials

25. A method in which neither the patient nor the doctor observing him does not know which of
the methods of treatment was used is called:
A. double blind
B. triple blind
C. single blind
D. placebo-controlled
E. simple blind

26. According to the method of patient selection, studies distinguish between:

A. random and complex
B. equally probable and impossible
C. randomized and non-randomized
D. primary and tertiary
E. double blind and triple blind

27. Study design: In order to assess the effect of antihypertensive therapy on the risk of stroke
in systolic arterial hypertension, 4736 patients selected from 447921 people 60 years and older
were randomly divided into 2 groups; one of them (2365 people) received antihypertensive
drugs, the second (2371 people)-placebo. The average duration of the study was 4,5 years.
A. Cohort study
B. Case series
C. case-control study
D. cross-sectional study
E. RCT

28. A study in which the examination of each patient is performed once:

A. cross
B. double blind
C. longitudinal
D. transverse
E. parallel

29. A special type of prospective studies to evaluate various interventions, the conditions of
which are aimed at eliminating the influence of systematic errors on the results obtained:
A. cross-sectional study
B. case-control study
C. cohort study
D. randomized clinical trial
E. meta-analysis

30. Secondary research methods include:

A. cross-sectional study and case-control study
B. case-control study and cohort study
C. cohort study and ret
D. RCT and cross-sectional study
E. systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Variant II

1. The voluntary nature of informed consent implies:

A. Non-use by doctors of coercion, deception, threats when making decisions by the patient
B. Achieving understanding about treatment
C. Eliminating problems with the patient's understanding of the information received
D. Expanding the scope of morality and requirements in relation to medical practice.
E. Rejection of paternalistic ethics

2. The first international document on the ethics of clinical trials:

A. Belmontreport
B. Nuremberg Code
C. Helsinki Declaration
D. Good clinical practice
E. UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights

3. The right to refuse the study of a person (patient) participating in a scientific study is possible
A. at the initial stage of the study
B. at any stage of the study
C. at the final stage of the study
D. before receiving remuneration
E. before signing a written consent to participate in the study

4. According to the Nuremberg Code of 1947:

A. military doctors should never conduct medical research
B. voluntary consent of people is absolutely necessary
C. research should not be conducted during the war
D. research should be regulated by international agencies
E voluntary consent of participants after the study

5. An organization that gives approval to conduct any biomedical research with the participation
of people as subjects:
A. The leaders of the study
B. The management of the clinical center where the study is conducted
C. The local Justice authority
D. The Pharmaceutical Committee of the Ministry of Health
E. Ethics Committee/Commission

6. The rules for the protection of patient rights were initiated in:
A. Helsinki Declaration of the International Convention on Harmonization
B. International Convention on Human Rights
C. International Convention on Ecology
D. International Convention on Consumer Protection
E. International Convention on Ethical Standards
7. According to the Helsinki Declaration, it can be considered illegal and unacceptable to study
pharmaceutical preparations with the participation of human:
A. If the study is based on a preliminary animal experiment
B. If the study was initially classified, and the patient himself did not know about the purpose,
the method of the study
C. if healthy patients participate in the study
D. If the patient, incapacitated by mental, physical (including age) criteria, was refused to
participate in the study, even with their own desire
E. If the study participant voluntarily refused to participate in the study at the very "height" of the
test

8. Vulnerable groups do not include:

A. Prisoners
B. Pregnant women
C. Military personnel
D. Elderly patients
E. all of the above

9. The criteria for inclusion in a scientific study are:

A. the presence of secondary characteristics and factors in a particular group of persons of
interest to the researcher
B. the presence of main characteristics and factors in a particular group of persons of interest
to the researcher
C. the presence of any characteristics and factors in a particular group of persons of interest to
the researcher
D. the presence of certain characteristics and factors in a particular group of persons of interest
the researcher
E. the presence of the main characteristics and factors in several groups

10. A scientific assumption put forward to explain a phenomenon and requiring verification by
experience,as well as theoretical justifications:
A. understanding
B. Inference
C. Opinion
D. hypothesis
E. representation

11.Section of the protocol of scientific research:

A. purpose, objectives of the study
B. inclusion criteria, exceptions
C. methodology
D. research plan
E. all listed
12 Analytical clinical studies include the following study:
A. cross-sectional
B. cohort
C. randomized
D. case series
E. case report

13.Experimental clinical studies include the following study:

A. cross-sectional
B. cohort
C. randomized
D. case-control
E. case report

14. The study that is the best for the study of a rare disease:
A. non-randomized controlled trial
B. randomized controlled trial
C. case series
D. cohort study
E. case-control studies

15. A retrospective study is:

A. case-control study
B. cases series
C. Non-randomized controlled trial
D. Single-stage cross-sectional
E. Randomized controlled trial

16. It is necessary to determine the design of the study if there is a lawsuit against the
manufacturers of pertussis vaccine, who were accused of neurological complications after
vaccination of pertussis vaccine infants (it is necessary to solve the question: did the
introduction of pertussis vaccine lead to brain damage in children who were vaccinated):
A. cohort study
B. case-control studies
C. randomized controlled studies
D. single-stage cross-sectional studies
E cases series

17. An analytical observational study is:

A. cohort study
B. randomized controlled trials
C. cross-sectional study
D. cases series
E. case report
18. Design of the study in this situation, A vascular surgeon described the results of
revascularization of the carotid arteries in 10 patients with cerebral ischemia:
A. case-control study
B. cases series
C. cross-sectional study
D. cohort study
E. randomized controlled trial

19. Clinical trial to identify the risk of developing the disease:

A. cross-sectional examination
B. randomized controlled trial
C. cases series
D. cohort study
E. uncontrolled clinical trial

20. A study design that has a minimum level of evidence:

A. case control studies
B. randomized controlled studies
C. cohort studies
D. systematic reviews
E. case report

21. A study in which patients with an already developed clinical outcome are included in the
main group, representatives of the population in the control group:
A. cohort
B. meta-analysis
C. systematic review
D. case-control study
E. case report

22. To determine how children who have had polio develop in early growth:
A. case-control studies
B. RCT
C. cohort study
D. cross-sectional study
E. non-randomized clinical study are used

23. Randomization is:

A. the procedure of random distribution of participants into 2 groups - the intervention group and
the control groups
B. computer statistical processing of the results obtained in the study
C. one of the methods of scientific research design
D. critical analysis and systematic review of literature on a specific topic
E. research method in clinical epidemiology
24. The "gold standard" of scientific research for evaluating clinical efficacy:
A. non-randomized controlled trial
B. randomized controlled trial
C. cross-sectional study
D. cohort study
E. case-control studies

25. Conducting randomization:

A. ensures that the distribution of patients into groups was not random
B. ensures that the distribution of patients into groups was random, which provides the basis for
a reliable statistical analysis
C. takes into account only systematic errors associated with the selection of patients and the
appointment of treatment, due to the predictability of the distribution of patients
D. randomization is carried out so that the researcher in advance knew the effects of the
intervention
E. randomization is carried out so that patients know in advance about the effect of the
intervention

26. The subjective factor is excluded when evaluating the results of RCT by conducting:
A. Minding
B. randomization
C. creation of a control group
D. duration of observation
E. the obligation of doctors to be objective

27. A study in which each patient receives alternately compared drugs in a random sequence:
A. cross-sectional
B. longitudinal
C. cross
D. simultaneous
E. parallel

28. A study in which neither the doctor nor the patient knows which group the patient belongs to
is called:
A. double-blind
B. simple blind
C. triple blind
D. open
E. Multicenter

29. A special type of scientific research carried out according to a specially developed
methodology, the object of which are the results of other, original studies:
A. cross-sectional study
B. case-control study
C. cohort study
D. randomized clinical trial
E. systematic review

30. The difference between systematic reviews and literature reviews:

A. are not reviewed
B. represent the opinion of a leading specialist
C. reflect the results of primary work
D. conducted in accordance with a strict methodology
E. prepared by one author