4 FOOD IS LIFE

UNIT IN THIS UNIT

 iscuss foods
D
you eat
 ecognize how often
R
you eat universal
foods
 iscuss popular
D
foods in your country
Create a menu
Write a paragraph
about your favorite
food

SKILLS
Turkish
celebration meal READING
Read for main ideas

WRITING
Write a paragraph

Use listing words

GRAMMAR
Count and
noncount nouns

Imperatives

CRITICAL THINKING
Personalize

CONNECT TO THE TOPIC

1. W hat do you see
in the photo? What
looks good to you?
2. Does your family
eat big meals
together? When?

56   57
WATCH PREPARE TO READ
A VOCABULARY  Complete the sentences with the words.

available (adj) dish (n) famous (adj) fry (v) national (adj)
cook (v) enjoy (v) favorite (adj) ingredient (n) popular (adj)

1. I like all vegetables, but carrots are my kind.

2. One I love is Singapore noodles.

3. I think most people eating in a restaurant.

4. My mother can very well. I love her food.

5. I don’t usually potatoes. I prefer to cook them in water.

6. The main in this soup is tomatoes.

A woman makes coffee 7. Pizza is all over the world. Most people love it.
in Safranbolu, Turkey.
8. Good Chinese food is not really in my neighborhood. There

THE WORLD LOVES COFFEE

are no Chinese restaurants here.

9. This restaurant is . It’s in several well-known movies.

10. A food of Japan is sushi. It is important to Japanese people.

A What do you know about coffee? Do you like it? Do you drink it? Share your ideas in
a small group. B PERSONALIZE  Complete the sentences about food so that they are true
for you.
B Watch the video. What did you learn about coffee around the world? 4.1
1. is a popular food in my country.
C Watch the video again. Complete the sentences with the words. 4.1
2. In my country, is always available.
cans morning sugar
3. There aren’t many ingredients in .
egg sand sweet
4. One food my family enjoys is .
1. In Mexico, people drink café de olla with and sometimes orange peel.
5. cook(s) in my home.
2. In Ethiopia, coffee is called Jimma coffee, and it is an important drink.
6. In my country, we fry .
3. In Hanoi, Vietnam, some people drink coffee with .
REFLECT Discuss foods you eat.
4. In Turkey, there is a type of coffee made on hot .
You are going to read about foods people eat around the world. In a small
5. In Finland, people drink coffee with cheese. It tastes ! group, discuss foods you eat.
6. And in Japan, people like to buy coffee in from vending machines. 1. What foods do you often eat? Why?
2. Do you eat any of the same foods as your classmates?

58  UNIT 4 FOOD IS LIFE 59

READ Sifting rice to
remove stones in
Mulkharka, Nepal
FOODS THAT PEOPLE EAT
EVERYWHERE 4.1

The world’s foods

A PREVIEW  Work with a
partner. Universal means
1 Some foods are available and popular in many countries. They are
“universal” foods. We all know countries that are famous for their special
something that people
ingredients. India is famous for spices. Italy is famous for pasta. But some
everywhere know or use.
ingredients and dishes are available all over the world.
Discuss what you think a
universal food is. What is an Rice
example? 2 Rice is a universal food. Rice dates back to1 China about 15,000 years ago,
but rice is now all over the world. In Karnataka, India, people eat akki rotti for
breakfast. Akki rotti is rice bread. In Spain, rice is in the national dish, paella.
This is rice and fish or meat, or sometimes both, and vegetables. In West Africa,
people eat rice with chicken, tomatoes, and pepper.
Beans
3 Beans are available all around the world, too. Beans probably come from
Egypt and Thailand. Now people everywhere, from Mexico to Australia, enjoy
beans. In Brazil and France, people cook beans with meat and vegetables.
Fish
4 People everywhere eat fish. Fish is easily available in many places. Many
countries are by the sea or have rivers. But an interesting universal food is raw
fish, or fish that people do not cook. In Malaysia and Peru, people like raw fish
with lime juice. A favorite dish in Sweden is raw salmon with sugar and salt. In
Tahiti, people eat raw fish with coconut milk and lime juice.
Chicken and lettuce
5 Chicken and lettuce are both very popular foods. In China, people make
chicken soup with special ingredients. In the United States, people fry chicken.
Fried chicken is a very popular American dish. And there’s one last example of a
universal food: lettuce! People around the world eat lettuce in salads and other
dishes.
1
date back to (v phr) to start at a certain time in the past

READING SKILL Read for main ideas

The main idea of a paragraph is the most important idea. It is often the first or second
sentence of the paragraph. The other ideas in the paragraph give extra information, or
details, about the main idea. Always look for the main ideas when you read.

60  UNIT 4 FOOD IS LIFE 61

B MAIN IDEAS Match the main ideas with the paragraphs. PREPARE TO READ
1. Paragraph 2 a. Chicken and lettuce are popular foods.
A VOCABULARY  Complete the sentences with the words and phrases.
2. Paragraph 3 b. Rice is a universal food.
cheap (adj) exactly (adv) keep (v) long (adj) send (v)
3. Paragraph 4 c. Beans are available around the world.
come from (v phr) grow up (v phr) located in (adj phr) recent (adj) street (n)
4. Paragraph 5 d. People everywhere eat fish.
1. There is a new Italian restaurant on our .

C DETAILS  Read the article again. Write T for True or F for False. 2. Tacos Mexico.
1. India is famous for spices.
3. It is not good to fish for a
2. Akki rotti is a chicken dish. time. Eat it in one or two days.

3. One of the ingredients in paella is rice. 4. Children who eat fruit and vegetables healthy.

4. Beans come from Australia. 5. Look at these prices! It’s hard to find food in
this store.
5. People only eat fish that they cook.
6. My favorite restaurant is my neighborhood. I can
6. Raw salmon is a favorite dish in Sweden.
walk there.
7. People like to fry chicken in the United States.
7. It is a good idea to food to people who need it.
8. Lettuce is not a popular food.
8. The restaurant opens at six o’clock.

CRITICAL THINKING Personalize 9. The food was great on my visit to that restaurant.

Personalizing means making connections between ideas in a text and your life.
This helps you understand and remember ideas better. B Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

Personalizing can also help you to notice and think about differences between 1. What are some cheap foods you like?
your own experiences and ideas in a reading. 2. Where do some of your favorite dishes come from?
3. Do you like to eat on the street?

REFLECT Recognize how often you eat universal foods. 4. Where do you keep food like bread?
5. Where do your vegetables and fruits come from?
Check (✓) how often you eat each universal food. Share your answers with
a partner. If you check rarely or never for any foods, explain why.
REFLECT Discuss popular foods in your country.
Rice Beans Fish Chicken Potatoes You are going to read about national dishes. Discuss the questions in a small
always group. Talk about what happens in your country.
1. What foods do people eat at home?
often
2. What kinds of restaurants are popular?
sometimes
3. Do you prefer eating out or at home?
rarely

never

62  UNIT 4 FOOD IS LIFE 63

READ A P R E V I E W   Scan the article and underline five

NATIONAL
countries. What do you know about the food in
these countries? Then read and check your answers.

DISHES
4.2

1 Think about your country. Does it have a national dish?

Of course it does. All countries have a national dish.
2 How do you know what a country’s national dish is?
Ask the people of that country. One generation1 of parents
passes down2 the national dish to their children. When the
children grow up, they teach their own children about it.
3 A national dish sometimes comes from a different
country. For example, biryani is one of the national dishes
of the United Arab Emirates, UAE, a country located in
the Arabian Gulf. Biryani is made of rice with spices and
chicken, meat, fish, or vegetables. But biryani doesn’t
come from the UAE. It comes from India.
4 Most people think that pasta dishes, such as spaghetti
and lasagna, are Italian. Pasta dates back to Italy about
800 years ago, but this food actually comes from China.
Chinese noodles are a type of pasta. Pasta is cheap to
make and easy to keep for a long time. Now it is an
Italian national dish!
5 Other national dishes are more recent than pasta.
Everyone knows that burgers are one of the national dishes
of the United States. Nobody knows exactly how old the
Making pasta by
burger is, but the American love for beef in a bun3 dates
hand in Bari, Italy
back to the 1940s. Nowadays, of course, people in countries
around the world eat burgers in restaurants, at home, and
on the street.
6 What’s your national dish? Do you know where it
comes from? Is it old or new? Send us your ideas.
1
generation (n) people born at around the same time
2
pass down (v phr) to give from parents to children
3
beef in a bun (n phr) meat in a bread roll

64  
64 UN
U NIITT 45   65
FOOD IS LIFE 65
 WRITE

UNIT TASK Write a paragraph about your favorite food.

You are going to write a paragraph about your favorite food or your national
dish. Use the ideas, vocabulary, and skills from the unit.

WRITING SKILL Write a paragraph

A paragraph is a basic unit of writing. In English, a paragraph usually has:

a topic sentence (the main idea); and

three or more sentences that give more information about the main idea.
Traditional Burmese
noodles, Myanmar
The first sentence of a paragraph is often the topic sentence. The other
sentences support this topic and give details and examples. Sentences that do
not connect to the topic sentence do not belong in a paragraph.

B MAIN IDEAS  Match the sentence parts. We indent the first line of a paragraph. This means that we begin the line with a
space. (See the first line of the model paragraph in activity A.)
1. All countries have a.  new, not old.

2. People learn about national dishes b.  other countries.

A MODEL  Read the paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
3. National dishes sometimes come from c.  from their families.

4. Some national dishes are d.  at least one national dish. My Favorite Dish

My favorite dish is tarte au poisson. It is a type of fish pie. It is very popular

C DETAILS  Answer the questions with one to three words.
in my country, France. The pie is easy to cook, and my family loves it. First, fry
1. Who do parents pass a national dish down to?
some fresh fish with onions and other vegetables. Next, add cooked potatoes,
2. Where does biryani actually come from?
raw tomatoes, cheese, and butter. I cook the pie for exactly half an hour. Then
3. How old is Italian pasta?
we usually eat it with a salad. It is delicious, and it is healthy.
4. Which other country has a type of pasta?

5. When did burgers become popular in the United States?

Homemade fish pie

REFLECT Create a menu.

Create a menu for someone visiting your country. Give the visitor a “taste” of the
food in your country. Show what kinds of food people eat for breakfast, lunch, dinner,
and snacks. Share your menu with a small group. Which foods on your menus are
universal?

66  UNIT 4 FOOD IS LIFE 67

B ANALYZE THE MODEL  Read the model paragraph again. Put the ideas in the order
they appear. GRAMMAR Count and noncount nouns
1. d a. the first cooking step We can count some nouns with numbers. These are count nouns.
2. b. the way people eat the dish Count nouns can be singular or plural.
3. c. the second cooking step one pie—three pies

4. d. an introduction to the dish Nouns Plural form Examples

5. e. the time it takes to cook the dish most nouns Add -s. bean—beans
6. f. the taste of the dish that end in -y Change -y to -ies. country—countries
7. g. the country the dish comes from that end in a vowel + -y Add -s. boy—boys
8. h. the reason the writer cooks the dish that end in s, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z Add -es. dish—dishes
that end in -o Add -es. tomato—tomatoes

Some nouns cannot be counted with numbers. These are noncount nouns.
WRITING SKILL Use listing words
Noncount nouns are usually singular.
Sometimes, we list ideas in a piece of writing. These ideas can be steps in a process (such as

bread rice water
cooking), examples, reasons, and so on.

We use listing words to make the order clear and to show when we are moving to the next step or
example or reason on the list. Notice that we use a comma after most listing words. D GRAMMAR  Complete the table with the foods from the box. Add the
plural for count nouns. Look up any new words, and add other nouns you
First, . . . Next, . . . Then . . . Finally, . . . know. Then share your chart with a partner.

apple cheese oil rice vegetable

C APPLY  Put the sentences in the same order as the model paragraph. Then write them as a bread lemon potato tomato water
new paragraph on a separate piece of paper. Write a title for the paragraph.

1. a. This is also my wife’s favorite dish, and it is from China. Count

Noncount
Singular Plural
2. b. First, cook the rice.

3. c. Then we usually eat it for lunch. apple apples bread

4. d. My favorite dish is fried rice with egg.

5. e. The dish is very simple to cook.

6. f. It is delicious.

7. g. Next, fry the rice in a wok with onions and egg, and put soy sauce on it.

8. h. This takes around 40 minutes.

68  UNIT 4 FOOD IS LIFE 69

E GRAMMAR  Complete the sentences with the correct form of the noun. F GRAMMAR  Rewrite the sentences with imperatives.
1. Many countries have (rice) in their national dishes. 1. You add the sugar next.

2. I always put (butter) on my bread. 2. You do not need to fry the vegetables.

3. Eating (vegetable) like carrots is good for you. 3. You have to cut the potato.

4. You need three (tomato) to make the sauce. 4. It’s important to keep the dish in the fridge.

5. First, I cook 200 grams of (pasta). 5. I don’t want you to mix the water and milk.

6. You fry it for one minute in coconut (oil).

G EDIT  Read the student’s paragraph. Find and correct six errors. There are
two errors in each area: listing words, noncount nouns, imperatives.
GRAMMAR Imperatives
My Favorite Dish
We use imperatives to give instructions or commands. Imperatives use the base
form of the verb. They do not have subjects in the sentence, but we understand My favorite dish is Thai red curry. It is very popular here in Thailand, and it
that the subject is you.
is very easy to cook. Next, cook some meat with vegetables in oils. This takes
Fry the meat. Cut the vegetables.
about 10 minutes. Adds some red curry sauce, some coconut milks, and some
To form the negative, use do not or don’t before the verb.
fish sauce. Wait for five minutes. Next, adding some sugar. Finally cook it for a
Do not add salt. Don’t use milk.
few minutes. It is delicious and hot! We eat curry with rice or noodles.

PLAN & WRITE

H BRAINSTORM  Think of some of your favorite or national dishes. Then

brainstorm what you like about each of them. Choose one of the dishes to
write about.
bibimbap    bulgogi    kimchi

WRITING TIP
Students learn
how to cook at the An activity may ask you to choose a writing topic from a list. To help you choose, ask
Georges-Frêche yourself questions about each topic.
School of Hotel Do I have enough ideas?
Management in
Do I know the vocabulary I need?
Montpellier, France.
Do I know how to organize this topic?

70  UNIT 4 FOOD IS LIFE 71

I PLAN  Complete the plan. REFLECT
Name of favorite dish
A Check (✓) the Reflect activities you can do and the academic skills you can use.
Where the dish is popular discuss foods you eat read for main ideas
How to cook it recognize how often you eat universal foods write a paragraph
discuss popular foods in your country use listing words
create a menu count and noncount nouns
write a paragraph about your favorite food imperatives
personalize

When or where I eat it B Check (✓) the vocabulary words from the unit that you know. Circle words you still
need to practice. Add any other words you learned.
Why I like it
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB & OTHER
J FIRST DRAFT  Use the Model and your notes in activity I to write the dish come from available AW exactly
first draft of your paragraph. ingredient cook cheap

K REVISE  Use this list as you write your second draft. street enjoy famous

Does your topic sentence state the main idea of your paragraph? fry favorite

Do the other sentences give more information about the topic? grow up located in AW
Are there any sentences that do not belong in the paragraph? keep long
Do you use listing words for the cooking steps? send national
Do you use imperatives for the cooking steps? popular
recent
L EDIT  Use this list as you write your final draft.
Do you indent the first line of your paragraph? C Reflect on the ideas in this unit as you answer these questions.
Do you use count and noncount nouns correctly? 1. What national dishes in this unit would you like to try? Why?
Do you use commas after listing words?

Do you spell all the words correctly?
Do you use correct punctuation?

M FINAL DRAFT  Reread your final draft and correct any errors. Then 2. What interesting ideas or skills did you learn in this unit?
submit it to your teacher.

72  UNIT 4 FOOD IS LIFE 73