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Islam is the second largest religion in the world with over 1.8 billion followers worldwide. It was founded in the 7th century by the prophet Muhammad. The core beliefs of Islam include the five pillars of faith: Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj. The Quran is the holy book of Islam and Muslims believe it contains the revelations received by Muhammad from God. There are two main branches of Islam - Sunni and Shia - who differ in their views on religious leadership after Muhammad.

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66 views

Untitled Document PDF

Islam is the second largest religion in the world with over 1.8 billion followers worldwide. It was founded in the 7th century by the prophet Muhammad. The core beliefs of Islam include the five pillars of faith: Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj. The Quran is the holy book of Islam and Muslims believe it contains the revelations received by Muhammad from God. There are two main branches of Islam - Sunni and Shia - who differ in their views on religious leadership after Muhammad.

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FARME Research

islam

Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about
1.8 billion Muslims worldwide. Although its roots go back further, scholars
typically date the creation of Islam to the 7th century, making it the
youngest of the major world religions. Islam started in Mecca, in
modern-day Saudi Arabia, during the time of the prophet Muhammad’s life.
Today, the faith is spreading rapidly throughout the world

● The word “Islam” means “submission to the will of God.”


● Followers of Islam are called Muslims.
● Muslims are monotheistic and worship one, all-knowing God, who in
Arabic is known as Allah.
● Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah.
They believe that nothing can happen without Allah’s permission, but
humans have free will.
● Islam teaches that Allah’s word was revealed to the prophet
Muhammad through the angel Gabriel.
● Muslims believe several prophets were sent to teach Allah’s law.
They respect some of the same prophets as Jews and Christians,
including Abraham, Moses, Noah and Jesus. Muslims contend that
Muhammad was the final prophet.
● Mosques are places where Muslims worship.
● Some important Islamic holy places include the Kaaba shrine in
Mecca, the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, and the Prophet
Muhammad’s mosque in Medina.
● The Quran (or Koran) is the major holy text of Islam. The Hadith is
another important book. Muslims also revere some material found in
the Judeo-Christian Bible.

Muhammad

The prophet Muhammad, sometimes spelled Mohammed or Mohammad,


was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in 570 A.D. Muslims believe he was the
final prophet sent by God to reveal their faith to mankind.

According to Islamic texts and tradition, an angel named Gabriel visited


Muhammad in 610 A.D. while he was meditating in a cave. The angel
ordered Muhammad to recite the words of Allah.

Muslims believe that Muhammad continued to receive revelations from


Allah throughout the rest of his life.

Starting in about 613, Muhammad began preaching throughout Mecca the


messages he received. He taught that there was no other God but Allah
and that Muslims should devote their lives to this God.

Hijra
In 622, Muhammad traveled from Mecca to Medina with his supporters.
This journey became known as the Hijra (also spelled Hegira or Hijrah),
and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

abu Bakr

After Muhammad’s passing, Islam began to spread rapidly. A series of


leaders, known as caliphs, became successors to Muhammad. This system
of leadership, which was run by a Muslim ruler, became known as a
caliphate.

The first caliph was Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s father-in-law and close friend.

Abu Bakr died about two years after he was elected and was succeeded in
634 by Caliph Umar, another father-in-law of Muhammad.

Caliphate System

When Umar was assassinated six years after being named caliph, Uthman,
Muhammad’s son-in-law, took the role.

Uthman was also killed, and Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, was
selected as the next caliph.

During the reign of the first four caliphs, Arab Muslims conquered large
regions in the Middle East, including Syria, Palestine, Iran and Iraq. Islam
also spread throughout areas in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
The caliphate system lasted for centuries and eventually evolved into the
Ottoman Empire, which controlled large regions in the Middle East from
about 1517 until 1917, when World War I ended the Ottoman reign.

Sunnis and Shiites

When Muhammad died, there was debate over who should replace him as
leader. This led to a schism in Islam, and two major sects emerged: the
Sunnis and the Shiites.Sunnis make up nearly 90 percent of Muslims
worldwide. They accept that the first four caliphs were the true successors
to Muhammad.Shiite Muslims believe that only the caliph Ali and his
descendants are the real successors to Muhammad. They deny the
legitimacy of the first three caliphs. Today, Shiite Muslims have a
considerable presence in Iran, Iraq and Syria.

Other Types of Islam

Other, smaller Muslim denominations within the Sunni and Shiite groups
exist. Some of these include:

● Wahhabi: This Sunni sect, made up of members of the Tameem tribe


in Saudi Arabia, was founded in the 18th century. Followers observe
an extremely strict interpretation of Islam that was taught by
Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab.
● Alawite: This Shiite form of Islam is prevalent in Syria. Followers
hold similar beliefs about the caliph Ali but also observe some
Christian and Zoroastrian holidays.
● Nation of Islam: This mostly African-American, Sunni sect was
founded in the 1930s in Detroit, Michigan.
● Kharijites: This sect broke from the Shiites after disagreeing over
how to select a new leader. They are known for radical
fundamentalism, and today are called Ibadis.

Quran

The Quran.

the Quran (sometimes spelled Koran) is considered the most important


holy book among Muslims.

It contains some basic information that is found in the Hebrew Bible as well
as revelations that were given to Muhammad. The text is considered the
sacred word of God and supercedes any previous writings.
Most Muslims believe that Muhammad’s scribes wrote down his words,
which became the Quran. (Muhammad himself was never taught to read or
write.)

Recommended for you

Ramadan
Islam Symbols

As in many religions, there is no single image or symbol of Islam that is


universally accepted by all Muslims worldwide.The crescent moon and star
has been adopted in some predominantly Muslim countries as a symbol of
Islam, though the crescent moon and star image is believed to pre-date
Islam and was originally a symbol of the Ottoman Empire. In some other
applications, such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent
humanitarian aid movement, a red crescent indicates that followers of Islam
are respected and treated accordingly.The color green is also sometimes
associated with Islam, as it was reportedly a favorite color of Muhammad's
and is often featured prominently in the flags of predominantly Muslim
countries.

Five Pillars of Islam

Muslims follow five basic pillars that are essential to their faith. These
include:

● Shahada: to declare one’s faith in God and belief in Muhammad


● Salat: to pray five times a day (at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and
evening)
● Zakat: to give to those in need
● Sawm: to fast during Ramadan
● Hajj: to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during a person’s
lifetime if the person is able

Sharia Law

Islam’s legal system is known as Sharia Law. This faith-based code of


conduct directs Muslims on how they should live in nearly every aspect of
their lives.

Sharia law requires men and women to dress modestly. It also outlines
marriage guidelines and other moral principles for Muslims.

If crimes are committed, Sharia law is known for its harsh punishments. For
example, the punishment for theft is amputating a person’s hand. Adultery
can carry the penalty of death by stoning. However, many Muslims do not
support such extreme measures.

Muslim Prayer

The prophet Muhammad is credited with building the first mosque in the
courtyard of his house in Medina. Mosques today follow some of the same
principles he established in 622 A.D.

Muslim prayer is often conducted in a mosque's large open space or


outdoor courtyard. A mihrab is a decorative feature or niche in the mosque
that indicates the direction to Mecca, and therefore the direction to face
during prayer.

Men and women pray separately, and Muslims may visit a mosque five
times a day for each of the prayer sessions. In addition to hosting prayers,
mosques often function as public gathering places and social centers.

Muslim Holidays

The two major Muslim holidays are:

Eid al-Adha: celebrates the Prophet Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his


son for Allah.

Eid al-Fitr: marks the end of Ramadan—the Islamic holy month of fasting.
Muslims also celebrate other holidays, such as the Islamic New Year and
the birth of Muhammad.

Resurection

Resurrection in Islam is when the people that die the faithful will go to
Allah in a paradise and the unfaithful will go to hell as a punishment for
sinning.

Judgement day

In Islam judgement day is a result in eternal life or people being


destroyed. Judgement day is when Allah a [supreme God] judges you to
see if you deserve to go to the paradise [also known as heaven] or hell.

Imam
An imam is a male prayer leader who guides Muslims religiously.

Muezzin
A muezzin is a caller of prayer who is always at a mosque. He or she
holds ceremonies like church referred in christianity.

Hijab
In modern usage, hijab (Arabic: ‫ﺣﺠﺎب‬, romanized: ḥijāb, pronounced
[ħɪˈdʒaːb]) often refers to headcoverings worn by some Muslim women.
While such headcoverings can come in many forms, hijab often specifically
refers to a cloth wrapped around the head, neck and chest, covering the
hair and neck but leaving the face visible.

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