1.

Write in your own words two or more sentences of what you understand by
the word ‘marginalisation’ .
Answer:
Marginalization is the social process of being confined to a lower social standing.
It involves people being denied their fundamental rights that results in lowering
their social and economical status. It is a situation when a particular social group is
forced to live on the fringes rather than in the mainstream.

2. List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalised.

Answer:
Adivasis are being increasingly marginalised for the following two reasons:

(i) People consider Adivasis as exotic, primitive and backward communities that
has led to their marginalisation.

(ii) Changes in forest laws robbed the Adivasis of their natural territory and
livelihood due to which they turned into marginal and powerless communities.

3. Write one reason why you think the Constitution’s safeguards to protect
minority communities are very important?
Answer:
The Constitution’s safeguards to protect minority communities are necessary to
protect the minority communities from being culturally dominated by the majority
and becoming marginalized. It aims at protecting India's cultural diversity and
promoting equality as well as justice.

4. Re-read the section on Minorities and Marginalisation. What do you

understand by the term minority?
Answer:
Minority refers to a community that is numerically small in relation to the rest of
the population in terms of race, religion, language or political persuasion. For
example, Sikhs are in minority in comparison to Hindus.

5. You are participating in a debate where you have to provide reasons to

support the following statement: ‘Muslims are a marginalised community’.
Using the data provided in this chapter, list two reasons that you would give.
Answer:
 Two reasons to support the statement that Muslims are a marginalised community
are:

• The literacy rate of Muslim population in India is only 57% which is the lowest
compared to 63% among Hindus, 67% among Sikhs, 71% among Buddhists, 74%
among Christians, and 86% among Jains.
• They lag behind the other communities even in access to the basic communities.
For example, according to the data, only 63.8% of Muslims could get access to
electricity in comparison to 65.4% among Hindus, 69.3% among Christians and
91.3% among Sikhs.
6. Imagine that you are watching the Republic Day parade on TV with a
friend and she remarks, “Look at these tribal people. They look so exotic. And
they seem to be dancing all the time”. List three things that you would tell her
about the lives of Adivasis in India.
Answer:
Three things that I would mention about the lives of Adivasis in India are:

(i) Adivasis were hunters and gatherers and lived like nomads. They practised
shifting agriculture and also cultivated at a single place.

(ii) They have a deep knowledge of forests. Their deep knowledge of forest made
them indispensable to the rulers of various empires during the pre-colonial period
in india.

(iii) They have their own languages which have influenced the formation of Indian
languages, like bengali.

7. In the storyboard you read about how Helen hopes to make a movie on the
Adivasi story. Can you help her by developing a short story on Adivasis?
Answer:
Students are suggested to attempt this question on their own.

8. Would you agree with the statement that economic marginalisation and
social marginalisation are interlinked? Why?
Answer:
Yes, economic marginalisation and social marginalisation are interlinked because:

• Social marginalisation is based on religion, culture, tradition, etc. Marginalised

sections do not get proper access to jobs, education and health facilities due to
 which they are unable to become financially stable. This then creates economic
marginalisation.
• Moreover, when there is no economic development the minorities do not develop
socially. They remain backward. Thus, they become socially marginalised.
Q1- Around ____ per cent population of India constitutes tribals.
A) 10
B) 5
C) 8
D) 12

Q2- ____ is one the important industrial areas where Adivasis are
based.

A) Chennai
B) Belgavi
C) Bhilai
D) Delhi

Q3- _____ is home to more than 60 tribal groups.

A) Rajasthan
B) Haryana
C) Maharashtra
D) Odisha

Q4- ______ was one of the writers who wrote on women issues
during British era

A) Kasturba Gandhi
B) Sarojini Naidu
C) Rashsundari Debi
D) Kaushalya Devi

Q5- India has more than _____ different Adivasi groups.

A) 200
B) 350
C) 500
D) 100

Correct Answer: C

Q6- Adivasi societies have very little ____ among them.

A) ego
B) competition
C) fights
D) hierarchy

Q7- Shakti Cult of Adivasis belong to _____.

A) Assam
B) Maharashtra
C) Gujarat
D) Tamilnadu

Q8- In the 1830s Adivasis from India moved to countries such as

___ to work as plantation workers.

A) China
B) Mauritius
C) America
D) United Kingdom

Correct Answer: B
Q9- Niyamgiri Hills are located in Odisha’s ____ district.

A) Bhuvneshwar
B) Sambalpur
C) Cuttack
D) Kalahandi

Q10- During the ____ century, the majority of Adivasis converted

to Christianity.

A) 17th
B) 15th
C) 19th
D) 21st

Q11- In North East India, a majority of tribal lands remain under

the control of Indian _______.

A) police
B) Military
C) Government
D) People

Q12- There are a total of ____ national parks in India.

A) 100
B) 102
C) 109
D) 104

Q13- ____ per cent of tribal groups from Rural India are
currently living below the poverty line.
A) 48
B) 42
C) 46
D) 44

Q14- According to the Census of 2011, Muslim constitute ___ per

cent of Indian population.

A) 14.2
B) 14.5
C) 14.9
D) 14.7

Q15- Meaning of Marginalisation ?

A) Forced to occupy the side

B) At the centre of thing
C) Both a and b
D) None of these

Q16- Who are Adivasis

A) Original Habitants
B) Tribals
C) Both a and b
D) Other than given option

Q17- The term Scheduled Tribe is used For?

A) Adivasis
B) Urban People
 C) Rural People
D) Poor People

Q18- Niyam giri is a sacred hill of

A) Adivasis
B) Christians
C) Sikhs
D) Muslims

Q19- Who are Minorities ?

A) Community Large in number

B) Community small in number
C) Both a and b
D) None of these

Q20- As per census 2001______is the religious group with lowest

literacy rate

A) Hindu
B) Sikh
C) Muslim
D) Christian

Answer
Q. Q.
Answer Answer
No. No.
1 C 11 B
2 C 12 D
 3 D 13 A
4 C 14 A
5 C 15 A
6 D 16 C
7 A 17 A
8 B 18 A
9 D 19 B
10 C 20 C

1. Marginalisation means :-
a. At the centre of thing
b. Forced to occupy the side
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans : (b)
2. In social environment, Marginalisation is due to :-
a. Different Language
b. Different Religion
c. Minority
d. All of these
Ans : (d)
3. Explain the reason why groups may be marginalized.
a. Because of government profit
b. Less Majority
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. All of these
Ans : (c)
4. Who are Adivasi?
a. Original Inhabitants
b. tribals
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans : (c)
5. How many percent of India's population is Adivasi?
a. Around 8%
b. about 10%
c. About 4%
d. about 6%
Ans : (a)
6. Scheduled Tribes is term used for :-
a. Rich people
b. Adivasis
c. People below poverty line
d. All of these
Ans : (b)
7. Adivasi are involved in the worship of :-
a. Ancestors
b. Hinduism
c. jesus Chirst d. temple
Ans : (a)
8. The village spirits are worshipped at :-
a. home
b. Town
c. Specific Scared Groves
d. All of these
Ans : (c)
9. Do Adivasi live close to the forest?
a. No
b. May be
c. Yes
d. Can't say
Ans : (c)
10. Adivasi languages have often deeply influenced by the formation
of :-
a. Mainstream
b. Bengali
c. Sanskrit
d. Santhali
Ans : (a)
11. Adivasis are believed to be :-
a. Exotic
b. Primitive
c. Backward
d. All of these
Ans : (d)
12. Where all the important metals are present in India?
a. Forest
b. Village
c. Home
d. Jungle
Ans : (a)
13. 1835 onwards, Adivasis from Jharkhand & adjoining areas
moved in India & the world's like :-
a. Mauritius
b. Caribbean
c. Australia
d. All of these
Ans : (d)
14. Niyamgiri hill located in Kalahandi district of :-
a. Orissa
b. West Bengal
c. Punjab
d. kerela
Ans : (a)
15. Niyamgiri is a scared mountain of :-
a. Adivasis
b. Religious people
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans : (a)
16. How many national parks are there in India?
a. 64
b. 54
c. 72
d. 82
Ans : (b)
17. How many wild life sanctuaries covering 1,09,652 square
kilometer :-
a. 570
b. 458
c. 372
d. 190
Ans : (c)
18. The areas where tribal originally lived and continue to stay in
these fields :-
a. Ancestors
b. Encroachers
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. All of these
Ans : (b)
19. Constitution provides safeguards to religious & _________
minorities as a part of fundamental Rights.
a. Linguistic
b. Cultural
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans : (c)
20. Minority means :-
a. Used for the communities that is numerically small in population
b. Used for the communities that is numerically small in population
c. More groups
d. All of these
Ans : (b)
21. Many tribal children are _______.
a. Balanced
b. Malnourished
c. Healthy
d. Efficient
Ans : (b)
22. Why do we need safeguards?
a. To protect the state
b. To protect the society
c. To protect the rich people
d. To protect minority community
Ans : (d)
23. Who plays a crucial role in upholding the law enforcing
fundamental Rights?
a. Judiciary
b. Supreme Court
c. High Court
d. All of these
Ans : (b)
24. Every citizen of India can approach the courts if they believe
that their fundamental Rights have been :-
a. Increased
b. Decreased
c. Violating
d. None of these
Ans : (c)
25. How many percent of Muslims are in Indian population?
a.13.4%
b. 61%
c. 14.7%
d.20%
Ans : (a)
26. How many Muslims live in kutcha house according to amenties
1994
a. 63.6%
b. 43%
c. 67%
d. 87%
Ans : (a)
27. Do Muslims have equal access to basic amenities?
a. yes
b. may be
c. No
d. Can't not
Ans : (c)
28. According to literacy rate by religion, 2001 how many percent of
population is literate?
a. 65%
b. 100%
c. 95%
d. 80%
Ans : (a)
29. Which religious group has the lowest literacy rate according to
censes of India 2001?
a. Hindus
b. Muslims
c. Sikh
d. English
Ans : (b)
30. High level committee in 2005, was chaired by :-
a. Hakkim shekh
b. Ram Gopal
c. Rajinder Sanchar
d. None of these
Ans : (c)
31. Many Muslim women wear?
a. Burka
b. Skirt
c. Payjama
d. Cargo
Ans : (a)
32. Marginalisation is linked to :-
a. Experiencing disadvantages
b. Prejudices
c. Powerless
d. All of these
Ans : (d)
33. Marginalisation result in having :-
a. Low social status
b. Not equal education
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans : (c)
34. Muslims prefer to send their children to :-
a. Madarsas
b. Schools
c. Colleges
d. All of these
Ans : (a)
35. Hierarchy means :-
a. A graded system or arrangement of person or thing
b. Minor group
c. Major group
d. None of these
Ans : (a)
36. Displaced means :-
a. To stick at one place
b. to live in forest
c. Refuse to forced or compelled to move from their homes
d. All of these
Ans : (c)
37. Militarised means :-
a. Presence of Minor Group
b. Presence of Major group
c. Presence of Adivasis
d. presence of armed force
Ans : (d)
38. Malnourishment means :-
a. Person gets a balance diet
b. Person gets the extra diet
c. Person does not get adequate food
d. None of these
Ans : (c)
39. Which one of the following is main cause of Marginalisation?
a. Different dress
b. Different films
c. Different Languages
d. All of these
Ans : (c)
40. Marginalised groups are viewed with hostility.
a. respect
b. truth
c. Fear
d. All of these
Ans : (c)
41. Give another name of Adivasis
a. Respective truth
b. Tribals
c. Educated person
d. None of these
Ans : (b)
42. Is Adivasis having their own language?
a. No
b. Can't say
c. May be
d. Yes
Ans : (d)
43. Which one of the following metal is found in forest?
a. Sugar
b. Sweet
c. Iron
d. Tea
Ans : (c)
44. Literacy rate among tribal are very__________
a. High
b. Low
c. In between
d. Supreme
Ans : (c)
45. _________ are needed to protect minor Communities.
a. Safeguards
b. Legal
c. Laws
d. None of these
Ans : (b)
46. How many percent of Muslims are in India's population?
a. 1.34%
b. 22.3%
c. 15.1%
d. 20.0%
Ans : (a)
47. __________ are the important part of the women's movement in
India?
a. Religious Women
b. Common people
c. Muslim women
d. None of these
Ans : (c)
48. Marginalisation results in :-
a. Low social status
b. not equal access of Eduation
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans : (c)
49. How many percent of Muslim children in the 6 - 14 year of age
group have never been enrolled in schools & dropped out?
a. 70%
b. 30%
c. 25%
d. 56%
Ans : (c)
50. In Muslim community, there is a link between economic &
___marginalisation.
a. Political
b. western
c. Socio reform
d. Social
Ans : (d)

Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Where is Niyamgiri Hill located?
Answer:
The Niyamgiri Hill is located in Kalahandi district of Orissa.

Question 2.
How many national parks are there in India?
Answer:
There are 54 national parks in India.

Question 3.
How much area are the 54 national parks and 372 wildlife sanctuaries covering?
Answer:
They are covering around 1,09,652 S km.

Question 4.
Why did many Adivasis have migrated to cities?
Answer:
Many Adivasis have migrated to cities in search of work.
Question 5.
Where were the Adivasis employed in the cities?
Answer:
They were employed for very low wages in local industries or at building or
construction sites.

Question 6.
Whom does the Constitution provide safeguards as part of our Fundamental
Rights?
Answer:
The Constitution provides safeguard to religious and linguistic minorities as part of
our Fundamental Right.

Question 7.
What does the term ‘Militarised’ mean?
Answer:
Militarised means an area where the presence of the armed forces is considerable.

Question 8.
Whom would you call ‘Malnourished’?
Answer:
A person who does not get adequate nutrition or food is malnourished.

Question 9.
What % of India’s population is adivasi.
Answer:
About 8%.

Question 10.
For what purposes the forest land that once belonged to adivasi got cleared.
Answer:
The purposes such as agriculture and industry the forest land got cleared.

Question 11.
What % of tribal groups in rural areas belongs to below poverty line (BPL)?
Answer:
45% of tribal groups in rural areas.
Question 12.
What % of tribal groups in urban areas belongs to BPL?
Answer:
35% of tribal groups in urban areas.

Question 13.
About how many tribal groups does exists in India?
Answer:
There are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.

Question 14.
How are adivasi’s been portrayed?
Answer:
Adivasis are invariably portrayed in very stereotypical way.

Question 15.
What are considered as the absolute crucial to the development of all empires and
settled civilisation in India?
Answer:
Forests were absolutely crucial to the development of all empires and settled
civilisation in India.

Question 16.
How many National parks are there in India?
Answer:
In India there are 54 national parks.

Question 17.
How many wildlife sanctuaries are in India?
Answer:
There are 372 wildlife sanctuaries in India.

Question 18.
According to 2001 census what percent of Muslims of India’s population
considered to be marginalised?
Answer:
13.4% Muslims.
Short Answers Type
Question 1.
Define the term Ghettoisation. Who are Ghettos?
Answer:
A Ghetto is an area or locality that is populated largely by members, of a particular
community. Ghettoisation refers to the process that leads to such a situation. This
may occur due to various social, cultural and economic reasons.

Question 2.
What does 2001 census tells about Muslims?
Answer:
According to 2001 census, Muslims are 13.4% of India’s population and are
considered to be a marginalised community in India today because in comparison
to other communities they have over the years been deprived of the benefits of
social and economic development. This
census also shows that literacy of Muslims is the lowest i.e., 59% among all
religious groups.

Question 3.
What will happen if the culture of majority influences the way in which society
and government might express themselves.
Answer:
In such cases size can be a disadvantage and lead to the marginalisation of the
relatively smaller communities. Thus, safeguards are needed to protect minority
communities against the possibility of being culturally dominated by the majority.
They also protect them against any discrimination and disadvantages that they may
face.

Question 4.
What will be the result if the Adivasis lose their rights over forest lands?
Answer:
Adivasis use around 10,000 plant species-approximately 8,000 species are used for
medicinal purposes; 325 are used as pesticides; 425 as gums, resins and dyes; 550
as fibres; 3500 are edible. This entire knowledge system gets wiped out when
Adivasis lose their rights over forest lands.
Question 5.
What is all happening in Niyamgiri hills of Orissa?
Answer:
Niyamgiri hill of Orissa is located in Kalahandi district. This area is in inhabitated
by Dongarria Konds, an Adivasi community. A major aluminium company is
planning to set up a mine and a refinery here which will displace this Adivasis
community. They have strongly resisted this proposed development and have been
joined by environmentalists as well. A case against the company is also pending in
the Supreme Court.

Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What does Sachar Committee report tell about the Muslims and how is economic
and social marginalization experienced by Muslims has other dimensions as well?
Answer:
Recognizing that Muslims in India were lagging behind in terms of various
development indicators, the government set up a high-level committee in 2005.
The Committee was chaired by Justice Rajindar Sachar, The committee examined
the social, economical and educational status of the Muslim community in India.
The report discusses in detail the marginalization of this community.

It suggests that on a range of social, economic and educational indicators the

situation of the Muslim community is comparable to that of other marginalized
communities like Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. For example, according
to the Report the average years of schooling for Muslim children between the age
of 7-16 is much lower than that of other socio-religious communities.

Economic and social marginalization experienced by Muslims has other

dimensions as well. Like other minorities, Muslim customs and practices are
sometimes quite distinct from what is seen as the mainstream. Some not all –
Muslims may wear a burqa, keeping a long beard wear a fez and these become
ways to identify the Muslims.

Because of this, they tend to be identified differently and some people think that
they are not like the ‘rest of us’. Often this becomes an excused to treat them
unfairly, and discriminate against them.